The homeless population is part of the scenario of social challenges in large cities around the
world, with its trajectory marked by multiple, persistent and cumulative detachments. This
research focuses on the homeless population, in the Centro neighborhood of Aracaju - SE,
immersed in a reality of social vulnerability, which represents one of the most extreme forms
of urban poverty. The central purpose is to understand the relationship between the homeless
population and the urban space of the Centro neighborhood of Aracaju - SE, focusing on daily
living practices. The study adopts a methodological approach that incorporates the analysis of
Life Stories with 15 participants, 11 of whom are homeless people and 4 professionals who
work with them. The research uses bibliographic and documentary sources relevant to the topic,
field research and mapping, to identify the places with the greatest presence of the homeless
population, as well as to highlight aporophobia. Other methodological procedures are added,
such as the analysis of resources available on websites, articles, virtual libraries, and journalistic
articles. The lack of articulation, the insufficiency of public policies, and the absence of urban
public facilities that served the population in question were noted. The life stories highlighted
important aspects of the daily life of the homeless population: lack of structure in shelters, as
well as the absence of adequate shelters for women and families. The most common motivations
for being homeless include breaking family ties, conflicting relationships, use of psychoactive
substances and depression. Segregationist spaces marked by aporophobia and hygienic
measures were identified, especially in commercial areas, bank branches, gardens and facades.
It is hoped that this dissertation can contribute to the understanding of the relationships between
the homeless population of Aracaju, the urban space and the fight for their rights.

As the complexity of projects has increased, the computer has been used as a
design assistant with the aim of improving the architectural design process. It was
from 1960 onwards that computational design had its origins with the definition of a
theoretical framework in order to systematize the design process as a methodology.
In these discussions, space planning was disseminated, which studies the process of
arranging rooms in a given space, in which distance, adjacency and other functions
are the main objectives. Just as evolutionary algorithms, which make up generative
systems, contribute to obtaining better solutions. Space planning problems have
variables that are sometimes conflicting and that need to be negotiated so that all
restrictions can be satisfied. In the traditional design method, the chosen layout is
based on personal taste as a criterion, in order to make more assertive decisions
evolutionary algorithms can be applied to this type of design problem. This master’s
dissertation aims to explore the possibilities of automated generation of layouts for
multifamily buildings through the application of evolutionary algorithms. This is a
simulation research with a quantitative approach and exploratory scope, using the
Rhinoceros software and its plugins Grasshopper, Termite Nest and Wallacei. Five
simulations were carried out with the objective of arranging environments in a limit
perimeter applying the evolutionary algorithm. As a result, it was possible to obtain
optimized layouts, informative graphics for decision making and the algorithm ready
to be applied by other researchers. It is therefore concluded that the application of
evolutionary algorithms in space planning generates optimized solutions that actually
meet pre-established restrictions in a more assertive way, being an area with great
potential to be explored.

Paid domestic work in Brazil is permeated by social and historical issues, which is why 97% ofworkers are female and most of them are black and poor.Furthermore, in the Brazilian urban space,especially in the big cities, there is an evident fragmentation in terms of race and class, and this populationblack and poor are usually located in environmentally fragile areas and on the outskirts of the city, while thewhite population with higher purchasing power lives mostly in central neighborhoods withinfrastructure.With that in mind, it is possible to assume that most domestic workers travel longdistances between their residences and the houses of bosses, facing obstacles in urban mobility.However, thisis just a part of the problems faced by these workers, which is experienced in the intimate family of the house of theboss is the main challenge to be faced by these women.Therefore, the objective of this work is to mapquantitatively where the maids who work in Aracaju live and qualitatively the violence andresistance they experience in their work.To address the broader issues linked to the first point, it wasdata collection was carried out at Casa da Doméstica and at the Union of Sergipe maids, which made it possible toperform a territorial analysis of where these maids live and with data from the 2010 IBGE Demographic Censusit was also possible to analyze the socioeconomic data that these locations have.The methodology to achievethe second purpose was to carry out interviews with six domestic workers, fundamental to give morebasis for the theoretical information collected bibliographically, in addition to expanding and bringing up new questions,that is why their reports are distributed throughout the dissertation, covering different themes.That said,This dissertation begins by presenting the history of domestic work in our country, emphasizing the difference betweenwhite and black women, and how the domestic unions in Brazil and Sergipe acted in the struggle forachievement of their labor rights.It also approaches the formation of the urban space showing how thesocial inequality is established, mainly in Greater Aracaju, and as the capital represents a centralityto the state influencing the migration of women in search of domestic work.And finally, the study concludeswith the territorial analysis showing how the housing of these workers are in poorer regions, anddisjointed from the urban fabric, making commuting to work difficult.

The last decades have witnessed an expansion of the urban network, an increase in population
density and in the vehicle fleet in urban centers, increasing the levels of noise pollution. This is
ranked second in the ranking as the greatest cause of diseases, second only to atmospheric
pollution, generating auditory and extra auditory problems. For the evaluation and
management of environmental noise, noise maps are tools to support decision making related
to planning and land-use planning. In this context, this dissertation aimed to map the road
traffic noise of the neighborhood Center, in the city of Aracaju-SE for analysis of the exposed
population. The work also presents an alternative methodology to specialize the demographic
data. Noise measurements were performed on roads with different morphologies, vehicular
flow data was collected and noise maps were elaborated by means of computer simulations in
the Cadna-A software. Demographic data were spatialized in the geoprocessing software QGis
to obtain the percentage of people exposed to high noise levels, according to NBR 10.151, and
formulation of conflict maps. The results showed that all measurement points contained levels
above the limit established by the standard, the least noisy was 61.2 dB (LAeq) at peak time (at
noon) and the noisiest was 74.6 dB in the morning period. The noise from light vehicles being
the main contributor to noise pollution. In addition, 57% of the population is in a region without
conflict with the standard, 26% are exposed to up to 5 dB beyond the acceptable limit 60 dB
(LAeq), 12% between 5 and 10 dB beyond the allowed and 4% receiving are above 10 dB. Thus,
along with the future interventions of the municipal Mobility Plan were indicated noise
mitigation measures, which should be implemented together for greater effectiveness and
guarantee the quality of life of the Aracajuana population.

The Covid-19 pandemic drastically impacted urban dynamics, especially during the
period between 2020 and 2022. The closure of shops, services and other attractions, which
influence individual and collective motivations for moving people, within and between cities
cities, opened up one of the great and old problems present in Brazilian society, the
socioeconomic inequalities that permeate everyday relationships, such as those at work, which
can be translated, visually, into the image of different vulnerable social groups, clustered in
stations and within modes of public transport, aiming to access the formal city and obtain the
necessary economic income to survive in the concrete jungles. In short, Brazilian municipalities
presented a paradigm in the behavior of Covid-19 on territories, consisting of two stages: the
first with the initial number of cases registered in the most consolidated regions; while in the
second stage, there is a decline in the number of new cases in this region, while there is an
uncontrolled growth of cases of the disease in peripheral regions, accompanied by a sharp
increase in deaths from the disease. Thus, the objective of this work is to understand the
influence of inequalities, reflected in public transport, for the dissemination and lethal effects
of Covid-19, in the peripheral areas of Aracaju. The methodology adopted to achieve this
objective was to carry out a set of data collection, among them: the urban mobility present in
the Master Plan for Urban Mobility of Aracaju (PMDU) of 2015; socioeconomic information
present in the 2010 IBGE Demographic Census; of the daily and accumulated records of cases
and deaths due to Covid-19, made available by the Municipal Secretary of Health of Aracaju
and the Secretary of State for Health of Sergipe. The data collection together with the analysis
of studies already carried out during the pandemic period in question and that connected the
themes of urban mobility, Covid-19 and the various faces of inequality, allowed the formation
of an argument, to question the possibility of the unequal effects, present in the raw data of the
disease by neighborhoods of the capital of Aracaju, being related to the inequalities reflected in
the daily urban dynamics of the peripheral residents, especially public transport, which involves
much more than the path A to B, but the provision of equipment and its accessibility, the places
of origin and destination, the distances, the conditions under which these trips are made.
Therefore, this dissertation begins by discussing the right to the city, in order to understand the
possible negative impacts of urban immobility on the most vulnerable population. Secondly, it
addresses the socioeconomic issues of the neighborhoods of Aracaju and the processes that
acted and continue to act for the territorial disposition of urban attractions. And finally, the
analysis of the data collected, referring to urban mobility and Covid-19, showed a possible
relationship between the spread of cases of the disease, with the displacement of people through
public transport, as well as the unequal effects of lethality, related to the provision of health
equipment and socioeconomic conditions in the neighborhoods and zones of Aracaju.

This work deals with the waterfront of the Ponta Verde neighborhood, a section that works as a tourist shrine in Maceió.
It is a scenario whose image is highly publicized, and it is
almost exclusively through it that the postcard of the capital,
and its current tourist identity, is built and sold within the
national market. However, it is important to observe the place
that exists beyond your media photographs. A showcase space for
the city, the stretch becomes the scene of social confl icts, religious traditions and cultural events that Maceió holds. It is
a space of multiple divisions and interventions, which is fragmented into new “pieces” based on the daily diversity of its uses
and characters – characteristics whose postcard, harmonic and
paradisiacal, does not support. For this reason, through interdisciplinary research, an immersion is practiced here in the historical, imagery and daily aspects of this part of the city, to
obtain a deep and comprehensive look at the essence of the place,
which escapes its hegemonic image disclosed and apprehends the
space in all its dimensions. A look that penetrates the various
layers that make up this place and thus returns an honest, fair,
and real “radiography” of this important postcard.

The right to the city, created by Lefebvre as a response to the capitalist and repressive production of the city, has evolved and adapted to contemporary times, acquiring the form of a political principle that unites social movements. Being widely used by social movements, especially from the period of Brazilian redemocratization, this principle became directly linked to the struggle for housing, a constitutional right that aims to guarantee quality in the production of cities in the reproduction of a libertarian urban life. On the other hand, the pendular movements of the collective conscience in favor of social justice have become an obstacle, especially in the last decade, placing the market and neoliberal ideology as central forces in the production of the urban environment. In this sense, the present work seeks to investigate the practical implications of the right to the city in the production of cities in the capitalist context, analyzing the ways in which this right materializes, or not, using Vila Emater II, in Maceió AL, as a case study. Through methodologies that place residents at the center of the analysis of these barriers, the research was able to identify how urbanization agents influence the guarantee or not of rights by the poorest population.

Amidst a society marked by social inequalities, class conflicts, and significant
structural differences, studying ways to achieve a fairer and more participatory city
becomes essential. In this context, children experience the city, each within the
possibilities offered to them, but they are largely silenced by the oppressive gaze of
an "adult-centric" perspective. Despite being recognized by law as rights holders,
children's perception is often invalidated when it comes to their participation in
policies that affect their lives. By considering the school as an important tool for
fostering critical thinking about the city, there is a step towards citizenship, where the
relationship between the territory and the society that inhabits it is discussed,
opening the possibility for understanding and effective response to community
interests. When viewed as a territory for the construction of citizenship, the school
opens doors for societal transformation. The city, as a form of expression, constantly
and spontaneously educates and teaches through the experiences of its citizens. The
city transforms through its use, discussion, and planning. It is in this perspective that
Paulo Freire states, "As an educator, the City is also an educand." In this panorama,
the general objective of this dissertation is to promote urban pedagogical practice in
the public school context, with the experimental site being Dr. Fernandes Lima State
School (EEDFL) in the São Jorge neighborhood of Maceió, Alagoas. The aim is to
develop urban consciousness, critical perspectives, participation, belonging, and
autonomy among young people in the city. The specific objectives are to identify the
main authors addressing the conceptualization of childhood and the recognition of
children and adolescents as citizens, as well as the role of the school in educating for
citizenship; to study the main theories addressing the pedagogical relationship
between the city and education; to compare pedagogical practices for civic
awareness, both nationally and internationally; to characterize the São Jorge
neighborhood where EEDFL is located, observing its relationship with the
surrounding area, its physical conditions, and the socio-economic situation of the
school community; and finally, based on the analyzed pedagogical practices, to apply
an experiment to stimulate civic awareness at the school in the neighborhood and
analyze its results. The methodological procedures were divided into four phases:
study of the theoretical framework; survey and analysis of pedagogical practices;
recognition of the environment and the school; and implementation of the experiment
through participant observation. Finally, through the application of the pedagogical
practice, it was possible to observe issues such as social differences from the
perspective of children and adolescents, and how it affects their way of thinking and
experiencing the city, whether through fear, insecurity, violence, or liberating
experiences. The practice also recognized the potential for active participation among
children and adolescents, especially regarding the issues that affect them, where the
processes of listening and stimulating citizenship are fundamental for effective
participation.

Telling the city's history is also bringing out the story[s] from the people. They are the ones who create, dream, modify, relate to and compose the landscape in the incessant activity of dwelling, either through matter or through memory. It is through this discourse that this dissertation addresses part of the urban context of Teresina, capital of Piauí, more specifically the modern architectural trajectory from the discourse of two professionals who performed the city through clubs, residences, public buildings, commercial points, churches and even schools: Antonio Luiz Dutra de Araujo (1935) and Miguel Dib Caddah (1936), paying attention to the role of the architect as a fundamental part in the construction of the urban web. Because they left their legacies in the fabric of the city, I turned to orality as a legitimate source of research, investigating their narratives by listening to stories about the city through the experience of filtering their perspectives. In addition, based on the fieldwork guided by the discourse, I [re]cognized the works presented, using authorial photographs, produced in loco, as an essential tool to aid in the process of appropriating the built volume, recording and reporting the impressions that Modern Architecture of Teresina (AMT) carries and transmits, as a way of collaborating to activate the built memory and its architects and, with that, contribute to the expansion of local history. In view of this, it is demonstrated that, for affective or pragmatic reasons, the narratives of Araujo and Caddah dialogue with the potentiality of orality by revealing their own trajectories, making it possible to contemplate part of the modern architectural history of Teresina through the voices of the architects, evidencing the role of these two professionals in the discourse and understanding of modernity in Teresina and of the city in general.

For long periods in history, some civilisations used the door as the only opening in their buildings. As well as necessarily functioning as a passageway, it was through the door that many of the buildings' internal environments were lit. As the history of architecture evolved, this function of illuminating spaces was taken over by courtyards and atriums and, later, by the window, which is now the main architectural device used in studies that assess the performance of natural light inside environments. Although the focus is on windows, the principles used in these studies can be applied to the entrance door, which can also function as a source of natural light for internal spaces. With this in mind, the general aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the use of the entrance door in utilising natural light in a residential environment in the city of Maceió/AL. As specific objectives, the work aims to assess whether the use of the entrance door to provide natural light inside the room meets the lighting comfort conditions established in current standards, and to analyse the influence of the different opening configurations of this element on the availability and distribution of natural light inside the room. The study was carried out for a hypothetical environment, using the computer simulation method. TropLux software was used for the processing, in order to comparatively analyse the influence of a set of variables on the availability of natural light inside the proposed environment. The results show that, for most scenarios, the entrance door meets the requirements established by NBR 15575-1 and the RTQ-T. External elements, such as eaves and obstructing buildings, can attenuate illuminance levels, contributing to a better distribution of natural light in the internal environment and avoiding situations of potential luminous discomfort. Wider doors, despite being able to maintain the minimum illuminance of 120 lx in more than 70 per cent of the area during more than 70 per cent of the daytime hours, can compromise visual comfort conditions due to the excessive incidence of the sun's rays, contributing to the occurrence of unwanted contrasts and glare. Centralised doors provide brighter environments with a better distribution of natural light. Opening angles of less than 45° can significantly affect the overall average illuminances, negatively impacting the autonomy of natural light in the space. Dutch doors, on the other hand, show a peculiar behaviour in terms of lighting performance, due to one of their openings being situated below the reference plane for measuring illuminances. The shape, layout and distribution pattern of the glazed surfaces also have a significant influence on luminous performance, revealing the importance of this multifunctional piece in the design of spaces.

Based on the operating mode of nature and the network-like organization common to all systems, cities need to be interpreted, planned, and managed with the fundamental principle of preserving and enhancing life—a rare phenomenon in the universe. However, this collides with the contemporary urban reality of environmental collapse risk, intense inequality, and low quality of life, with a significant impact on health due to traffic accidents, stress, and pollution, particularly in the developing world. Humanity is at a crucial moment to change the course of its history, and the city is the ideal environment for that. In this context, this research aims to explore the epistemological panorama of systemic thinking and its relationships with the world we live in, the cities we build, and the global problems and perspectives in an urban context, with a focus on the theme of mobility and studying the city of Maceió-AL (Brazil). The calculation and mapping of the Sustainable Urban Mobility Index (IMUS) of the city were chosen as the methodological tool, with the results indicating various problems in mobility in Maceió, with widespread causes and consequences and a systemic structure. The lack of integration in municipal management and poor indicators, such as those related to the quality of collective and active transportation modes, indicate the need for changes in how people understand urban dynamics and in municipal planning and management policies. Based on the assembled panorama and the synthesis of references regarding the application of systemic principles in urban development, development guidelines were created for the city of Maceió, which can be applicable to similar contexts, envisioning the potential for small local transformations that, cumulatively, can result in significant global transformations.

The present dissertation proposes to evaluate the architectural environment aimed at the elderly since their life expectancy has increased over time. In a survey carried out by the UN, it was found that in the year 2050, for the first time, the elderly population will be greater than that of children. Thus, the need to design adequate housing to meet this population age group is evident, providing them with greater autonomy and independence. In this bias, the accessibility interests for this part of society will be addressed in the Minha casa minha vida program, this social housing program is a type of strategy aimed at the population so that the income level does not prevent the individual from having access to housing . This type of mechanism is based on public policies, with the objective of guaranteeing decent conditions for housing and protection for this part of society. For this to happen, this housing, which is usually carried out in sets of buildings or houses, must meet the interests of the population, being endowed with an infrastructure that contains the requirements of basic sanitation, electricity and accessibility. As these constructions are made en masse for a significant amount of people, there is often a shortage in the infrastructure of these accommodations, such as the dimensional reduction of the basic rooms of a residence, often preventing physical access to users with permanent or temporary reduced mobility, among others. These categories include the elderly person who was the object of study for this research. Therefore, the objective of this research is to evaluate the spatial accessibility for the elderly in two housing units of the Minha Casa Minha Vida program in the city of Maceió-AL. Since old age can lead to reduced mobility, flexibility, motor coordination and perception. This analysis seeks to identify the positive aspects and the flaws of this system, giving suggestions on how this program could be adjusted to promote the real model of housing unit that contains minimum parameters of accessibility for popular housing projects. The method used was carried out in two stages, at first the Espaço de Atividades by Jorge Boueri Filho and the Evaluation of Housing Project by Gabriela Pereira were evaluated, evaluating the layout floor plan of these dwellings and their circulation and maneuvering areas, areas of access to furniture and equipment, evaluation of areas of overlapping circulation to areas of access to furniture and equipment. In the second stage, a spatial accessibility assessment spreadsheet prepared by Dischinger, Ely and Piardi (2012) was applied with the intention of punctuating the problems ensuring greater knowledge about them in order to improve the quality of these dwellings. With the results of the evaluations carried out, we can identify that the two housing units are below expectations for basic needs according to spatial accessibility, preventing the resident with reduced mobility from having a decent residence as offered by government public policies.

The ideal of industrial age progress based on the infinity of resources was reflected more strongly in the construction sector than the idea of sustainability (ACOSTA, 2019; CILENTO SARLI, 1997; SACHS, 2007). However, in the current situation of global warming, largely produced by the indiscriminate use of energy, this vision has lost validity (IPCC, 2021), opening the way to other methods of approaching constructive practice, pointing out the Bioclimatic Architecture, the Zero Energy Buildings, and the Regenerative Architecture. Thus, the present dissertation aims to test strategies and project parameters relevant to the energy sustainability of the most recent Venezuelan Housing Program, the “Gran Misión Vivienda Venezuela (GMVV)”. The research focused on the observation of energy performance, and uses the computational simulation procedure on a typical situation of the Program, for the comparative evaluation of three performance scenarios: the Base Scenario with the original performance characteristics of the model case; the Modified Scenario 1, with the incorporation of bioclimatic strategies and equipment efficiency for the scope of consumption optimization; and the Modified Scenario 2 with the incorporation of 396 photovoltaic modules on the roof and ¼ of the energy of the 1992 modules installed in the parking lot to improve the environmental balance. The Type C Building of the Residencial Ciudad Tiuna in Caracas-Venezuela was used as a Model Case, as support software in the definition of the modification guidelines, the Climate Consultant 6®, and the Ecodesigner of Graphisoft Archicad 23® for simulation. According to the results obtained, the Base Scenario is associated with an energy consumption of 132.39 kWh/m2a, CO2 emission of 14.42 kg/m2a, and the performance limitation due to the need for cooling at 7,649 h/a (87% of the hours of the year). Solar gain (44.7%) and lighting and equipment consumption (41.03%) are the main sources of energy gain in the building. On the other hand, Modified Scenario 1 showed a reduction of -33% of the global energy consumption obtained in the Base Scenario, with the highest percentage of reduction in the energy needed for the use of equipment and lighting; -52.2% of hours requiring refrigeration; and 6.1% of CO2 emissions. In Modified Scenario 2, the percentage of reduction in carbon emissions reached -20.5% compared to the Base Scenario emissions. Energy sustainability at GMVV thus involves the incorporation of bioclimatic practices that make it possible to take advantage of the natural flows of energy in the place, minimizing solar heat gain and allowing natural air currents to cool internal spaces and eliminate excess humidity; a more efficient consumption profile that favors natural ventilation supported by fans for cooling, use LED lighting, reduction in the use of clothes dryers by guaranteeing spaces for natural drying, and preference for the most efficient equipment, gas when possible, and whenever accompanied by alternative energy generation systems (photovoltaic in the case of Caracas) and plots of vegetation with foliage to favor the reduction of the impact of greenhouse gases generated in the functioning of buildings.

The current environmental and economical crisis, the abusive use of natural resources, the climatic particularities of the Brazilian semi-arid region and the São Francisco’s Sub-medium, the search for urban sustainability and the residential sector representativeness in the final consumption of water and energy in the country were the main motivations of this research. The current situation of Petrolina(PE) in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the UN 2030 Agenda (regarding water and energy) was investigated, their respective interferences in the residential sector and the consumption optimizing possibilities. For this, a documentary research and a case study were carried out in a middle-class single-family residence in the city. The use of sources such as IDSC, MAPBIOMAS, PCS, SNIS, SNS, Instituto Trata Brasil, EPE, ANEEL, ONS, CRESESB, regional research and government publications allowed the first stage of the research to be carried out, where the level of development of the city was investigated, referring to water and energy management. In the second stage of the research, the case study residence consumption pattern was characterized and possibilities for improvement were studied according to the guidelines of the Casa Azul + CAIXA seals; AQUA-HQE and GBC Brasil Casa. The investigation of the urban space made it possible to perceive that, although 100% and 83.65% of the municipal population are served with water and sewage services, respectively, the city's water management still needs improvement: there are losses in distribution, constant stoppages and water shortages in households, as well as garbage and raw sewage disposal in river waters. It was observed that the city is at risk of desertification and human interference has caused environmental impact in the São Francisco basin. With regard to energy, it was noticed that, although 99.21% of households in the city have access to electricity, the population still faces challenges related to energy vulnerability, influenced by the effects of climate change. Certain divergences were observed between the Sustainable Cities Development Index and official data, especially in relation to water. In the case study, possible measures to optimize water and energy consumption could be: use of rainwater and water reuse (contribution of 51.63L/day and 120.35L/day, respectively - systems that together would completely supply the demand for nonpotable water in the home and would reduce by 57.7% the pressure that the home exerts on the city's supply system); replacement of electrical equipment by more efficient ones (12% reduction in residential energy demand); incorporation of photovoltaic panels in the residence (it would supply the energy demand of the family, with a financial payback period of 38 months). Impasses observed: need to separate the hydrosanitary installation in case of installation of reuse and water heating system (solar panels). It was noted that the guidelines of the certification systems are useful for residences in operation that were not designed to meet any environmental certification (although with limited flexibility), and can contribute to the optimization of family consumption and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. in urban space.

Besides being configured as an opening that manifests itself in certain surfaces, as a mechanism to relieve the tensions of its components, the term fissure also brings semantic openings that allow us other understandings. These overflow the explicit literal meaning. With this, we look at the Bebedouro neighborhood in Maceió/AL, considering this possibility as a way to tense its historical and socio-environmental dimensions currently in evidence. The neighborhood integrates the area affected by the process of subsidence caused by rock salt mining, by Braskem, since the 1970s. This process, which used to happen more silently, began to be evidenced in 2018, due to the occurrence of an earthquake in part of the region. Bebedouro is one of the affected neighborhoods with a long urban memory, being one of the first neighborhoods of the city, with significant connection to the expansion of the city, besides containing centennial architectural and landscape landmarks - officially recognized as cultural heritage. As the title points out, cartography is adopted as a methodological position, throughout the work, which moves and engages the researcher architect to the experience of entering dynamics as they occur, in this case from the production or access to images, with attention to the unexpected of the intense urban transformations that compose the ambiences/ atmospheres - in general a set, which presupposes the coexistence and dynamics of relations in and with the environment associated with the accumulation of time - in the neighborhood. Thus, the general objective is to map semantic multiplicities of the fissure in relation to the consequences of mining in the neighborhood. To achieve this goal, this work was structured from the study of imagetic records from different times and sources, and that unfolded in three main clippings: imagetic records of the neighborhood of the nineteenth and twentieth century (postcards and photographs) of Maceió; records of field experience; and records posted on the social network instagram between 2019 and the beginning of 2022. Understanding that cartography does not intend to annul the association with other methodological conducts, it was used in this work: document review and analysis; empirical observation; combinations of content analysis with urban analysis and cartographies of the processes experienced. As a moment to bring discussions about the interweaving of contents understood from the studied clippings, the last part of this work entitled "A cartography of the fissure" was produced. Thinking about the Bebedouro neighborhood, it was interpreted, from the look over several images with different sources and temporalities, other possible semantic unfoldings of the fissure. The fissure brings effects on surfaces. Not only on the house, the street, the square, the neighborhood, but also on the city, the memory, the people and their relationships experienced in and with the environment.

The city of Maceió, Alagoas, has more than thirty buildings protected by a historical conservation instrument (tombamento), chosen by the state. They were built in different times and, among them, there is only one modernist construction - Palácio dos Trabalhadores - which was protected, mainly, due to its political representativeness of the union force (decree nº 37.934 of 28/12/98). At municipal level, the city currently has 56 Special Preservation Units (UEPs), also composed of buildings from different periods, including those related to the Modern Movement. However, even though some of these are included in the Master Plan’s protection action, part of this modernist group is modified, abandoned and even destroyed, as seen in the recent demolition of the former Afonso Lucena residence, UEP number 27. It is known that safeguarding and preserving the architectural heritage are some of the most common ways to show, from generation to generation, a society’s history. But when the built landscape fades, we have its pictures that, somehow, saves it. Assuming that architecture photography contributes to safeguarding the memory of the city of Maceió regarding the modern heritage, it’s is questioned: how the photographic record helps to preserve the memory of a city? It is believed that photography, as a document, marks architecture in time and makes possible that, even if it ceases to exist physically, its memory can, in some way, remain in history, making the image itself something to be preserved. Thus, this master's dissertation proposes to understand the Modern Architecture’s memory of Maceió through photography and, with this, contribute to the expansion of this movement’s documentation in the city's history. As a starting point, a revision was made, regarding the following subjects: built heritage, time, memory, photography and modern architecture. After that, the search for existing iconographic content of modernity began in magazines, newspapers and books published at the time, however, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, it was necessary to modify this document source initially chosen and it was decided to use a virtual search in social networks, through posts made about modernism. The dissertation’s outline was defined at this point, gathering the buildings which appeared in the publications. Based on this material, sites were visited with the intention of verifying the current state of preservation of the buildings in question and producing photographic material as a way of contributing to the imagery history of this architecture in Maceió. That way, the approach of photography in this research is justified not only by the relevance in cataloging the contemporary situation of the previously mentioned buildings, but also by making a narrative about modern architecture as heritage, considering that it sets up a landscape that, more and more, dies in the city.

The urban fabric in Centro district of Maceió-AL highlights memories of the city, towards its diversity of contexts and temporalities. Since the genesis of the city, at the beginning of the 19th century, the neighborhood has established itself as a stage for important events. Despite housing an important institutional, commercial and services area, in the last decades the locality has also undergone changes in its territorial function, such as emptying the population and the degradation of its public spaces. It’s remarkable that few areas in the city haveits been presented as objects of plans and projects many times as the Centro. Those actions, certainly, aimed at the preservation of urban attributes such as memory, heritage and the activities that develop there, which define the social function of the area in a metropolitan context. However, in several immersions to the locality, a series of actions was noticed that indicated a certain weakness in terms of the design and management of dispublic spaces. In this context, the objective of this master´s thesis is to verify how the proposals for interventions aimed at the Centro district in the 1980s and 2001 treated the design of its free areas, in the research of documents that comprised the Urban Transport Master Plan and the Urban Requalification Plan for Centro. The methodological procedures adopted were based mainly on documentary analysis and production of charts and cartographic syntheses, which helped in the systematization and representation of the collected data and information produced. In a specific way, this work describes the process of occupation and conformation of the Centro neighborhood in the city of Maceió, from the genesis of the settlement to the current characterization of the locality, discusses conceptually interventions in urban centers and analyzes proposals of urban interventions for the Centro when repertoire the “clash” between the intentions and the drawings destined to their free areas. Complementing analytical gaps about intentions and designs directed to the locality, this master´s thesis tries other methods of reading and understanding content and documentary records of interventions in the central area of Maceió.

Throughout the 20th century, the industrialization and urbanization of Brazilian cities brought new ways of living, working, moving around the city, which took root in society's way of life. The means of transport have evolved with technologies, bringing comfort and practicality to people, but also consequences negative factors, including pollution and high consumption of natural resources. walk in city, once vital and everyday act, came to be neglected or little approached in urban mobility plans. Given this scenario, urban actors in cities around the world have sought to transform this paradigm, resuming hiking and thus causing more appropriation and enjoyment of urban space by pedestrians, such as happens in the cases of Copenhagen, Melbourne and Medellín, presented in search. This dissertation intends to debate the issue of pedestrians in the city of historical, theoretical and practical point of view around the world; in the Brazilian context, also addressing other forms of locomotion; and finally, through the study of city of Maceio. The research is also based on the hypothesis, based on the experience in the city, that Maceió is not a favorable city for mobility on foot. The methodological steps are plural: first, the literature review about urban mobility, with a focus on pedestrians, through books, articles, official news, data and documents; the elaboration and application of a questionnaire online in the city of Maceió, in order to obtain information about the relationship of the population with the city with regard to urban mobility and in particular the walk, and finally interviews were conducted with residents of the Dandara Occupation, of the MTST, to also include a low-income population in the survey. Like conclusions, it can be said that the walking mode is still widely adopted even in context of a city made mainly for motorbikes, and that each person, in its spatial, social and economic context, it experiences the city differently. In relation to public policies, it is observed that Brazil has legislation comprehensive and with good proposals to promote the journey. However, in practice there are no broad initiatives that promote this mode, there are only interventions punctual. Finally, it is believed that this work brings a little reflection held in Maceió, but essential for one to walk a path towards to livelier cities, more human and with more people walking through spaces public.

O estudo dos parâmetros urbanísticos frente à expansão urbana horizontal e vertical se torna imprescindível, devido ao potencial de otimizar o aproveitamento dos recursos naturais adequados ao clima local, princípio do urbanismo bioclimático. A ausência de planejamento urbano prévio provoca a perda de qualidade de vida no meio ambiente urbano, seguido de diversos impactos ambientais, como: ilhas de calor, enchentes, efeito smog, entre outros. Diante desse cenário, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a influência do adensamento urbano por meio da verticalização no ambiente térmico urbano, com base em parâmetro urbanísticotradicional(recuo progressivo), a partirdolotecomo unidade mínimade planejamento, tomando como estudo de caso a cidade de Arapiraca, localizada no semiárido alagoano, noperíodo quente/seco. Isso foi possível pormeio desimulações computacionaisde cenários urbanos hipotéticos (pesquisa preditiva), com uso do software ENVI-met 4.0. Diante das estratégias bioclimáticas adequadas ao clima local, foram elaborados 18 modelos, com norteiguala0°e45°,soboconceitodaporosidadeerugosidade,condicionantesclimáticosque possuem estreita ligação com a geometria do cânion urbano (relação H/W), a partir do tipo de tecido urbano que apresenta tendência à verticalização na cidade. A análise do desempenho térmico se deu mediante dados de temperatura do ar, temperatura radiante, velocidade/ direção dos ventos e do índice PMV. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o sentido de incidência da ventilação natural oblíquo às edificações (N=45°) apresentou condições de sensação térmica mais amenas. No que tange o recuo progressivo, os cenários em que foi utilizado apenas o recuo inicial apresentaram melhores condições de sensação térmica urbana, devido a maior área de sombra gerada pelas edificações verticalizadas, o que coincide com a principal estratégia bioclimática identificada para o clima local: o sombreamento. Contudo, na análise quanto dos ventos, o uso do recuo progressivo demonstrou desempenho climático superior quanto à porosidade e rugosidade da malha urbana. Portanto, evidenciou-se a importância do urbanismo bioclimático como ferramenta para o planejamento urbano.

Diáspora africana. Negros de várias origens são escravizados. Exploram sua força de trabalho. Apesar das investidas senhoriais contra a manutenção cultural do povo negro em terras brasileiras, muita coisa ficou no além mar. Mas muita coisa veio. Diante do processo de urbanização brasileira, as dinâmicas sócio-espaciais do povo negro estão intimamente ligadas com a história de suas religiões. O Candomblé de nação Ketu é uma delas. A presente pesquisa investiga relações dialógicas entre espaço e este sagrado de matriz africana na cidade de Maceió com o objetivo de discutir as dobras rituais da cidade. Para tal, persegue-se algumas questões: como poderíamos falar de Maceió a partir desta religião no que se refere a suas dinâmicas no espaço habitado? Como este sagrado se espacializa? Qual o papel da arquitetura neste processo? Diante da cidade concreta, existe uma cidade ritual? Essa polarização entre uma cidade concreta e uma cidade ritual faz sentido ou o adjetivo “concreta” é ineficiente em sua abordagem diante do fato de que, para além do sagrado em questão, existem outros códigos simbólicos em interação na cidade? A busca por respostas ampara-se metodologicamente na construção de uma abordagem qualitativa com contribuições dos métodos etnográfico, indiciário e sócio-espacial, utilizando diário de campo, fotografias, entrevistas abertas, croquis, registros sonoros e audiovisuais como ferramentas. Dentre as diversas relações dialógicas identificadas aborda-se, no primeiro capítulo, as que ocorrem no espaço do terreiro, no caso, o Ilê Ìyá Mí Ipondá Axé Igboalamo, que estava situado no bairro Village Campestre II em Maceió. No segundo capítulo tais relações são ampliadas à partir de três celebrações urbanas: a Lavagem do Bonfim, no bairro do Poço; o Xangô Rezado Alto, no bairro do Centro; e a Festa das Águas, na orla marítima Pajuçara-Ponta Verde. O terceiro capítulo faz o cruzamento dos dados teóricos e empíricos observando as dinâmicas cidade-sagrado em questão enquanto -intra e -extra agenciamentos.

The elderly population grows sharply and, as a result of this condition, issues related to housing arise that must be addressed, in order to promote functional capacity and strengthen the dignity of this population. On the subject, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched in 2007 the Global Guide City Friendly to the Elderly, which, by contemplating eight axes, gives rise to urban planning aimed at the specific demands of the elderly. In the Guide, the Vancouver Protocol was used, which helps the research on the subject with the elderly, when discussing the functional capacity in the housing unit, as well as access to the city. Within this panorama, the present research questions how the current dynamics of Brazilian housing policy and, in particular, the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program (PMCMV) impacts the lives of low-income elderly people, in their autonomy and functional capacity, considering the concept of decent housing, housing of social interest and the conditions of urban insertion offered by the new housing. To this end, it proposes to analyze the case of Residencial Vila dos Pescadores, located in the neighborhood of Trapiche da Barra in Maceió/AL, a PMCMV project aimed at families with income from zero to three minimum wages. The research is exploratory, carried out under a qualitative approach, based on field visits and semi-structured interviews, using the Vancouver Protocol, to verify the participants' levels of independence and autonomy in the space of their homes, in the surroundings and in access to the City. Parameters and elements considered essential for the real realization of the right to housing were also adapted, used in the methodology proposed by Rolnik (2014) to evaluate the realization of the right to adequate housing, as well as its pattern of urban insertion. Therefore, this research studies the housing needs of the low-income elderly and their urban insertion, in order to contribute to the debate on inclusive urban planning. The results obtained, together with the theoretical discussion developed, provide clues for the interpretation of what decent housing means for residents and how much living with dignity influences the quality of life of the elderly and their ability to enjoy the urban space. In the end, it is intended that the debate raised from the case presented, contribute to the definition of the quality criteria of the HIS provided to the low-income elderly population, indicating ways for the housing and urban policy to take into account, and in a way coherently, population aging.

Em países tropicais como o Brasil, a cobertura é responsável por grande parte do calor transferido para o ambiente interno, devido a grande quantidade de radiação solar que incide sobre ela. A adoção de estratégias passivas de condicionamento térmico nas coberturas permitem menor aquecimento dessa estrutura e maior resistência ao fluxo de calor, possibilitando controlar o conforto térmico no ambiente interno. A inércia térmica para resfriamento e o resfriamento evaporativo são estratégias bioclimáticas indicadas para construções no clima semiárido da cidade de Arapiraca, Alagoas, e ambas podem ser obtidas utilizando tetos verdes. Dessa maneira, o objetivo desta dissertação foi analisar o desempenho do sistema de teto verde como uma estratégia de condicionamento térmico passivo para Arapiraca, utilizando a coleta de dados em células teste como método. Dados horários, internos e superficiais, de temperatura e umidade foram monitorados em células teste, com diferentes sistemas de cobertura: telha cerâmica (TC), telha de fibrocimento (FI), laje impermeabilizada (LI), laje impermeabilizada com solo nu (SO), teto verde com Zoysia japonica (TV-zj), Callisia repens (TV-cr), Desmodium triflorum (TV-dt) e o sistema de teto verde sem cobertura vegetal (SV). A análise foi agrupada em quatro etapas de medição, com objetivos específicos: desempenho térmico do teto verde (Etapa 01), influência da espécie vegetal (Etapa 02), da presença/ausência de vegetação (Etapa 03), e da frequência de irrigação (Etapa 04) no comportamento higrotérmico interno e nas variáveis superficiais das coberturas. Os resultados apresentaram uma menor amplitude térmica do teto verde (TV-zj) entre as coberturas da Etapa 01 (LI, SO, TV-zj, TC e FI), em todas as temperaturas monitoradas, além de maiores valores de umidade superficial externa e umidade relativa do ar no interior da célula teste, principalmente no período diurno. SO e TV-zj tiveram comportamentos semelhantes na temperatura superficial interna e temperatura do ar, resultado da proximidade entre seus valores de transmitância térmica. Nesta última, ambas apresentam menores máximas (25,8ºC e 25,4ºC), maiores mínimas (19,3ºC e 19,2ºC), menores amplitudes (6,5ºC e 6,2ºC), e SO o maior atraso térmico (2h). Quanto as espécies, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre elas, a maior diferença de temperatura do ar observada foi de 0,60ºC entre Zoysia japonica, com menores valores, e Callisia repens, e as maiores umidades relativas do ar interno também foram encontradas na Zoysia japonica (valores maiores 4,23-7,8% que as outras espécies. A ausência de vegetação permitiu uma maior amplitude térmica no SV, quando analisadas as temperaturas superficiais e internas, mas o atraso térmico na temperatura do ar interno foi igual ao encontrado em TV-zj (3h). Por fim, a frequência de irrigação permitiu menor aquecimento (redução de 0,4ºC) do ambiente interno e aumento (4,5%) da umidade relativa do ar interno, quando analisados os valores de todo o monitoramento. Pode-se concluir que, para o clima semiárido da cidade em estudo, os tetos verdes são eficientes para evitar amplitude térmica elevada no ambiente interno, aspecto importante para obtenção de conforto térmico ao usuário. Pode-se destacar ainda a influência do solo/substrato no comportamento térmico do sistema de teto verde.

O uso adequado da luz natural no ambiente escolar possui um
importante papel no processo de aprendizagem e no desenvolvimento
dos alunos. Nesse contexto, verifica-se que a utilização de um mesmo
projeto arquitetônico escolar em todo o Brasil pode comprometer o
desempenho luminoso do espaço, pois a disponibilidade de luz varia de
acordo com particularidades locais. Dessa forma, a presente
dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar a influência da latitude no
aproveitamento da luz natural em sala de aula de projeto padrão. Nos
procedimentos metodológicos, foram realizadas simulações 

computacionais, utilizando o software Troplux 8, em uma de sala de
aula da tipologia B do programa Proinfância em 4 diferentes capitais
brasileiras (Macapá, Maceió, Vitória e Porto Alegre), em 8 diferentes
orientações (N, NE, L, SE, S, SO, O e NO) e em cinco diferentes
cenários, um livre de obstrução externa e 4 com edificações
obstruidoras, com base no Ângulo Vertical de Obstrução (AVO): 0°,
26°, 44°, 56° e 63°. Para isso, foram selecionados indicadores de
desempenho objetivando avaliar a suficiência da luz e o potencial
desconforto e comparar as variáveis utilizadas: ALNe300/50%,
ESA1000/250h, EMA e UMA. Os resultados mostraram que quanto
maior a latitude, menor a disponibilidade de luz natural no interior do
ambiente, o que foi agravado com a presença das edificações
obstruidoras mais altas, visto que houve redução de EMA (até 57%) e
de ALNe300/50% (até 52,4%), comprometendo o desempenho
luminoso nas cidades de Vitória e Porto Alegre com edificações
obstruidoras a partir de 15,5 m (AVO de 26°) nas orientações N e S.
Com relação ao potencial desconforto, as orientações O e NO
obtiveram os maiores resultados e, consequentemente, maior influência
com a presença de edificações obstruidoras mais altas, passando de
insatisfatório, no cenário livre de obstruções (de 13,4% a 20%), para
aceitável, com edificações obstruidoras de 62 m – AVO de 63° (de 0%
a 1,7%), sendo que, em latitudes mais altas, são necessárias edificações
obstruidoras mais baixas para uma significativa redução, quando
comparada à latitudes mais baixas. Como consequência, constatou-se,
ainda, que maiores alturas de edificações obstruidoras geraram maiores
ganhos da UMA (de 0,8% a 37,2%). Portanto, verifica-se a relevância
das particularidades locais no desempenho luminoso no ambiente,
devendo ser levadas em consideração ao inserir uma edificação em uma
determinada latitude, de modo a melhorar o aproveitamento da luz
natural e a qualidade do espaço. Destaca-se, ainda, a necessidade da
utilização de eficientes opções de adaptabilidade em projetos
padronizados.