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Dissertations |
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1
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MARCELLA GOIS SILVA MEDEIROS
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The Social Reproduction in Lukács: the essence of Social Being and the possibility of human emancipation.
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Advisor : SERGIO DANIEL GIANNA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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SERGIO DANIEL GIANNA
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DIEGO DE OLIVEIRA SOUZA
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MARIA NORMA ALCANTARA BRANDAO DE HOLANDA
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TALVANES EUGENIO MACENO
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JOSÉ DERIBALDO GOMES DOS SANTOS
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Data: Jan 28, 2022
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Show Abstract
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This paper aims, based mainly on a study about Social Reproduction in Lukács' Ontology, to discuss the issue of “human essence” and its modern comprehension as a "selfish nature" in order to support the capitalist mode of production as the only possible alternative for the human’s history. In this perspective, based on theoretical-bibliographic research and grounding in Marx’s methodological legacy, the historical-materialism, we treated, in a first moment, about the emergence of the sphere of “Social Being” from organic nature and Labor complex’s role has inside this process, considering that, through the “Teleological Position” that unfolds within it, emerges a way to respond the demands of existence much more complex than the mere instinctive reaction that happens inside the organic being. Supported by that, we investigated through which legalities this new sphere of being reproduces itself, emphasizing the “ontological priority” of the economical’ complex and the “totality of society” as the “predominant moment” of this becoming. In a second moment, we intended demonstrate how these legalities operate inside of the historicity of the social’ world, always highlighting the relationship that unfolds between individual and society in each historical moment and the form that the human’ essence was understood in each one of them. This situation led us to try to demystify, through the demonstration of by which processes human beings make their own histories (and their own nature), the form that the human essence assumes within capitalism as a “selfish nature” and the way that it try to justify the eternity of this mode of production.
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2
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JAMILLY ALEXSANDRA DA SILVA
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NATURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SALARY CONTRACT FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE LABOR FORCE IN THE CAPITALIST PRODUCTION MODE
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Advisor : MARIA VIRGINIA BORGES AMARAL
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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DIEGO DE OLIVEIRA SOUZA
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LÚCIO VASCONCELLOS DE VERÇOZA
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MARIA VIRGINIA BORGES AMARAL
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REIVAN MARINHO DE SOUZA CARNEIRO
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SOSTENES ERICSON VICENTE DA SILVA
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Data: Feb 4, 2022
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Show Abstract
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This dissertation deals with the salary contract, aiming to identify its nature and the function it performs for the exploration of labor in the capitalist production mode. We understand the wage contract as a distinctive legal mediation essential for the effectuation of the genuinely capitalist social relation of production. Only in the capitalist form of sociability does the exploration of labor operate through a contractual disguise. The contract celebrates the agreement apparently egalitarian between equal and free - workers and capitalists - to exchange equivalent commodities, that is, the exchange between labor power and money. Therefore, we understand that it contributes to the obscuring of the exploration of labor power in the bourgeois order. This work is presented as a theoretical-bibliographical research, based on critical social theory, and is divided into three sections. In the first, we discuss the theoretical and philosophical foundations of the salary contract, based on Hegel and Marx. In the second, we address the central elements of labor relations in pre-capitalist societies and their particularity in the capitalist mode of production, identifying, through the analysis of the process of primitive accumulation of capital, the historical-material foundations that gave rise to the emergence of wage labor; of the capitalist mode of production and of the contract to mediate the buying and selling relationship between capital and labor. In the last section, we seek to identify the essence of the salary contract, unveiling its functionality for the mystification of exploration in the sphere of circulation and, ahead, the limits of equality and bourgeois contractual freedom.
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3
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ANA MARIA MOURA ARAUJO
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OVEREXPLORATION AND HEALTH: Contributions from the Marxist Theory of Dependency
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Advisor : DIEGO DE OLIVEIRA SOUZA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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CLARISSA TENORIO MARANHAO RAPOSO
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DIEGO DE OLIVEIRA SOUZA
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LÚCIO VASCONCELLOS DE VERÇOZA
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MARIA VIRGINIA BORGES AMARAL
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SOSTENES ERICSON VICENTE DA SILVA
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Data: Feb 25, 2022
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Show Abstract
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In this work, we consider the understanding that the reproduction of capital in dependent economies presents certain particularities and that these particularities are closely intertwined with the historical processes of maturation of developed capitalism – which took place within the scope of the world system. The main feature of the reproduction of capital in dependent economies considered here is the category of superexploitation of the labor force. Through it, we aim to understand how Latin American workers reproduce and what health conditions are found. The work is bibliographic research and is divided into three sections. The first of them, The theory of development and relations of dependency in Latin America, discusses – briefly – the main hypotheses of what is conventionally called development theory. The second, Latin American dependent capitalism, seeks to understand the dependent character of Latin American capitalism. And the third and last, The superexploitation of the labor force as health touchstone in dependent economies, relates the categories of superexploitation with health, to understand the consequences and mediations that Latin American workers, inserted in the dynamics of capitalist accumulation world, suffer.
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4
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NATSHA CAROLINE SIQUEIRA DE LIMA
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Advisor : MARIA ADRIANA DA SILVA TORRES
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ANDRÉA ALICE RODRIGUES SILVA
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EDLENE PIMENTEL SANTOS
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ELAINE CRISTINA PIMENTEL COSTA
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ELVIRA SIMOES BARRETTO
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MARIA ADRIANA DA SILVA TORRES
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Data: Mar 28, 2022
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5
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MARIA ISABEL CORREIA DA SILVA
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THE STRUCTURAL CRISIS OF CAPITAL AND SECOND ORDER MEDIATIONS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISTVÁN MÉSZÁROS
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Advisor : MARIA NORMA ALCANTARA BRANDAO DE HOLANDA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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EDLENE PIMENTEL SANTOS
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MARIA GORETE RODRIGUES DE AMORIM
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MARIA NORMA ALCANTARA BRANDAO DE HOLANDA
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SERGIO DANIEL GIANNA
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TALVANES EUGENIO MACENO
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Data: Apr 12, 2022
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Show Abstract
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This work aims to analyze some of the theoretical contributions of the Hungarian philosopher István Mészáros regarding the Structural Crisis of Capital and the role of its second-order mediations in the maintenance and perpetuation of the capital system, denying a positive future for humanity. Mészáros demonstrates that the current model of social metabolism is based on the determinations imposed by the capital-relation that is irrational and uncontrollable, putting humanity before a fundamental question: either we take control of sociometabolism in a positive and conscious way, or humanity will follow towards an increasingly catastrophic scenario, leading to human barbarism. The present work is a theoretical-bibliographic research, based on critical social theory, being divided into two sections. In the first section, we seek to understand how the structural crisis of capital is configured and its absolute limits that it demands for historical actuality insurmountable contradictions within the limits of its order. In the second section, we recover the debate carried out by Mészáros (2006) about the theory of alienation, pointing to work as a historical specificity in the era of capital as the causal root of all forms of alienation. Based on this debate, we enter Mészáros' (2006, 2011) postulations about what he calls second-order mediations, configured as alienated mediations that elude and subjugate productive first-order ontological mediations as mediations that effectively contribute to the truly human construction . Therefore, we briefly enter and rescue some second-order mediations and highlight the hierarchical role that each plays over the primary mediations in the circular structure of the capital system, aiming at an increasingly high extraction of surplus value as the main objective. of the worker in an ever-increasing scale of accumulation and expansion, imposing on him an increasingly alienated and alienating reality.
Key words: Capital, Capitalism, Structural Crisis, Alienation and Second-Order Mediations.
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6
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ANTONIO UGÁ NETO
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State and Dependent capitalism
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Advisor : CLARISSA TENORIO MARANHAO RAPOSO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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CLARISSA TENORIO MARANHAO RAPOSO
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MARIA ADRIANA DA SILVA TORRES
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REIVAN MARINHO DE SOUZA CARNEIRO
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ZILAS NOGUEIRA DE QUEIROZ
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Data: Apr 18, 2022
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Show Abstract
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The present research aims to understand the specificities of the State in dependent capitalism. The critique of political economy developed by Marx and Engels had as its object the understanding of the process of genesis, development, and crisis of bourgeois sociability. Although they recognized from the beginning the process of globalization of capitalism, the research developed in the Capital studied the general laws of the capital, based on the analysis of its most developed experience: England. The development of capitalism itself brought new challenges to Marxist criticism, at the beginning of the 20th century, for a trend of monopolization by theorists which already requires the development of new categories such as Imperialism. The analysis of Marxist authors of the time, such as Lenin and Rosa Luxemburg, focused precisely on the development of imperialist countries. The Marxist Theory of Dependence seeks to understand the development of capitalism in dependent countries by the usage of the Marxist method. The present research will be divided into two sections: primarily it will analyse the reproduction of capital's aspects and the political complex that develops from it; then it will study the reproduction of capital in the social formations of dependent capitalism and particularities of the State, demarcated by the conditions of dependence and superexploitation of the workforce.
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7
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LORRAINE MARIE FARIAS DE ARAUJO
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ONTOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF RACISM AND REVOLT AGAINST CAPITAL
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Advisor : ARTUR BISPO DOS SANTOS NETO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ARTUR BISPO DOS SANTOS NETO
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DIEGO DE OLIVEIRA SOUZA
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JOSÉ DERIBALDO GOMES DOS SANTOS
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MARIA NORMA ALCANTARA BRANDAO DE HOLANDA
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TALVANES EUGENIO MACENO
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Data: Jun 9, 2022
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Show Abstract
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The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the ontological foundation of racism, that is, its origin, nature and social function. We start from the Marxian method through the central category of totality, based on a social-historical ontology. Thus, the investigative path begins with the immanent analysis of chapters 24 and 25 of Capital, Book I, which deal, respectively, with the primitive accumulation of capital (16th to 18th century) and colonization, a period in which it places the origin of racism in time. The anatomy of capital reveals that racism has a bourgeois nature, as it was engendered during the genesis of capital accumulation, therefore, racism and capital are indivisible. The social function of racism is found in the process of dehumanization of racialized peoples, an observation made from Almeida (2018), Fanon (2008) and Césaire (2006), along with the Marxian letter. Racism unfolds in the revolt of the racialized. We scrutinize the revolt and resistance of racialized peoples against capital through aesthetic analysis, under the scrutiny of political economy critique, capoeira music, as well as the novel written by Condé (2020). We found that racism is a mechanism created by the bourgeoisie to intensify the process of exploitation, expropriation and decimation through the dehumanization of racialized people. This was created by the capital system and can only end with the destruction of this system and the construction of a sociability based on human emancipation.
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8
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JOSE ILSON LOURENCO DOS SANTOS
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HOMOPHOBIA IN THE BRAZILIAN STATE VEIN: SUBJECTS, WEBS AND FRAMEWORKS
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Advisor : ELVIRA SIMOES BARRETTO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ANDREA PACHECO DE MESQUITA
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EDEN ERICK HILARIO TENORIO DE LIMA
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ELVIRA SIMOES BARRETTO
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MARCOS RIBEIRO MESQUITA
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MARIA ADRIANA DA SILVA TORRES
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Data: Sep 26, 2022
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Show Abstract
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The research addresses the intrinsic relationship between the Patriarchal Capitalist State and homophobia in terms of the participation of LGBTI+ subjects, in particular homosexual men, in the National Blood Policy. The general objective is to show this reality and with it, to show the forms of cessation of sexuality through normative devices that at all times seek to silence and marginalize those who flee from the social norms accepted and defended by bourgeois sociability: heteronormativity. It is assumed that oppression and exploitation are inseparable elements of the patriarchal capitalist mode of sociability and that in this scenario of blood donation, the State uses prejudice, discrimination and stigma in an architectural way. By finding the causal links in the relationship of these elements, arguments are outlined that indicate why the legal, technical and social mechanisms establish that the blood of these individuals is unworthy blood. Given the research problem, the theoretical framework was built through an exploratory bibliographic and documentary research, in the light of historical materialism, a method that allows a critical reading of the emergence of social oppression and exploitation. For this, the thesis is divided into three chapters. In the first, we seek to recover, in a panoramic way, significant historical elements for the debate on (homo)sexuality and the process of marginalization and control. In the second, it focuses on the intersection between stigma, prejudice and discrimination, used as mechanisms for maintaining norms and the current order. In the third, it is proposed, in the light of Marxist feminist productions, to (re)think the possibility of overcoming the Patriarchal Capitalist State and, with it, the elimination of expressions of oppression and exploitation. In this way, both in the academic and professional spheres, provoke a discussion that should be on the agenda, to contribute to an investigative and professional praxis that promotes the rights of all human beings on an equitable basis.
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Thesis |
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1
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MONICA REGINA NASCIMENTO DOS SANTOS
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THE (IN)EQUALITY IN THE CAPITAL ACCUMULATION PROCESS IN THE SOCIOECONOMIC FORMATION OF BRAZIL
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Advisor : ARTUR BISPO DOS SANTOS NETO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ARTUR BISPO DOS SANTOS NETO
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DIEGO DE OLIVEIRA SOUZA
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EDLENE PIMENTEL SANTOS
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LIGIA DOS SANTOS FERREIRA
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MARIA EDNA DE LIMA BERTOLDO
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MARIA VIRGINIA BORGES AMARAL
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ROBERTA SPERANDIO TRASPADINI
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Data: Feb 22, 2022
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Show Abstract
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In the pandemic context, the aggravation of the structural crisis of capital has generated, according to some economists, two movements worldwide: release of resources for social policies in countries with central capitalism, and the deepening of neoliberalism in countries with peripheral capitalism, with loss of rights through restrictive reforms, as part of the logic of uneven and combined development of imperialist-type social dynamics. This scenario has placed the issue of (in)equality on the agenda. From the perspective of political economy, the State and Law have been presented as the privileged locus to address solutions in this area. However, the onto-historical study - mediated by work - of Social Equality, as well as the function and social nature of the State and Law, reveals that only a given form of work can lead to substantive equality, especially in categories of analysis such as gender and race, thus, showing that the State as a personification of law, in promoting the form-subject of law, can only grant equality, in the limit, formal and abstract, therefore, a fetish. Thus, based on historical materialism, this thesis, the result of socially based bibliographic research, investigates the social (in)equality in the process of capital accumulation in the socioeconomic formation of Brazil, seeking to answer the following problem question: considering the (dis) social equality as a constitutive part of the social question and evaluating its onto-historical expressions, does social equality present itself as a historical impossibility? In this analytical process, three hypotheses were raised as investigative lines, namely: a) the materiality conditions on which men historically organize their existence, sustain the relationship: equality and inequality; b) the State and the Law, seen as the locus for promoting social equality, at the limit, promote a merely abstract formal equality that, however substantial it may be, will never be substantive; c) the social form of work organization determines the quantum, nature and social function of social equality. In order to try to encompass the totality of the researched object, within the limits of the proposed outline, the general objective of the thesis is to investigate the social (inequality) in the socioeconomic formation of Brazil, starting from its antecedents - trying to show its genesis - until reaching its rebates, in order to demonstrate how, through a set of mediations, these rebates slip to the present day. It is referenced in authors such as Marx (2017), Mészáros (2006), Carcanholo (2008), Bobbio (1997), Trindade (2010), Mascaro (2013), Clastres (1979), Leacock (2012), Federici (2004), Almeida (2018), Quijano (2005), Williams (1975), James (2010), Diop (2014), Ki-Zerbo (2010), Mokhtar (2010), among others, the thesis affirms the impossibility of social equality under the capital social relationship, therefore, only the associated work is capable of ensuring a truly substantive equality.
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2
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ALINE SOARES NOMERIANO
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The advance of the phenomenon of financialization in Brazilian higher education in times of structural capital crisis
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Advisor : MARIA CRISTINA SOARES PANIAGO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ARTUR BISPO DOS SANTOS NETO
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DIEGO DE OLIVEIRA SOUZA
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EDLENE PIMENTEL SANTOS
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JOSÉ DERIBALDO GOMES DOS SANTOS
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MARIA CRISTINA SOARES PANIAGO
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TALVANES EUGENIO MACENO
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VALDEMARIN COELHO GOMES
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Data: Mar 29, 2022
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Show Abstract
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Based on the structural crisis of capital, there is a context of accumulation with predominance of finance, supported by the triad: productive restructuring, neoliberalism and financialization. In this sense, from the 1970s onwards, surplus profits not reinvested in industrial production began to migrate to other sectors, especially services. In the case of peripheral capitalist countries such as Brazil, the process of financialization of social areas is highlighted with higher education, from the expansion and massification of this segment in the private sphere. Thus, this study aims to investigate the phenomenon of financialization in the current context of the structural crisis of capital and the consequences of this process in Brazilian private-mercantile higher education. The investigation presented here is of a theoretical nature with bibliographic research referenced from the perspective of Marxian ontology, of a historical-dialectical character. To this end, its main theoretical contribution was the contributions of Marx (1985, 1986, 1996); Lukacs (1978, 2018); Engels (1987); Lenin (2012, 2017); Mészáros (2002, 2003, 2008); Tonet (2005, 2012, 2013); Alves (2011a, 2011b, 2016); Antunes (2003, 2005); Chesnais (1996, 2000, 2005); Harvey (1996, 2005, 2008); Leher (1998, 2010); Paulani (2005, 2006, 2009); Chaves (2010, 2019, 2020); Sguissardi (2008, 2015), among others. By analyzing the consequences of financialization in Brazilian private-mercantile higher education, this thesis shows that, as long as we are under the yoke of capital, education and other social complexes will continue to represent lucrative commodities without limits in the forms of commodification incorporated. Therefore, the interests of capital profitability can always lead it to migrate to other areas, according to the intensification of the structural crisis and the search for more attractive rates for capitalist accumulation. At the end of this study, we leave another important reflection: the State does not have the role of reversing the presented financialization picture, on the contrary, the State represents the dominant class, being the complementary command structure of capital. Regardless of the instance in which it operates - public or private - its nature is the same. If capital is uncontrollable, so is the pursuit of profitability, and the State will always be ready to make life easier for capital, supporting it in the task of investing in new market niches and further expropriating the field of work.
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3
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MAYRA DE QUEIROZ BARBOSA
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WORK, EDUCATION AND EMANCIPATION: TOWARDS A CRITIQUE OF EMANCIPATORY EDUCATION
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Advisor : EDLENE PIMENTEL SANTOS
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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DIEGO DE OLIVEIRA SOUZA
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EDLENE PIMENTEL SANTOS
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JOSÉ DERIBALDO GOMES DOS SANTOS
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MARIA CRISTINA SOARES PANIAGO
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MARIA NORMA ALCANTARA BRANDAO DE HOLANDA
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MARIA SUSANA VASCONCELOS JIMENEZ
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TALVANES EUGENIO MACENO
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Data: Mar 31, 2022
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Show Abstract
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The present aim is to analyze the foundations of emancipatory education from the Marxian-Lukacsian theoretical framework. The course of our examination starts from the Marxian categories that affect the apprehension of our object, namely: work, as a founding category of the world of men; the social complex of education; and political and human emancipation. Notably, one thesis has as theoretical reference the Social Theory of Karl Marx and the work of Georg Lukács For the Ontology of Social Being, and other authors of the Marxist tradition, such as: Friedrich Engels, Rosa Luxemburg, Mariano Fernández Enguita, István Mézáros, José Paulo Netto, Marcelo Braz, Sérgio Lessa, Ivo Tonet, among others. We also look at authors who historically rescue education in different social formations, such as Lúcia Aranha, Carlota Boto, Franco Cambi, Mário Manacorda, Aníbal Ponce and Dermeval Saviani. Based on the methodological assumptions of this framework, the thesis rescues the centrality of the category of work within social reproduction, pointing out that work, as a primary category that founds the world of men, allows the emergence of new complexes within the formation of social beings. second-order social, such as education, which has an ontological dependence and relative autonomy in relation to work. The apprehension of this determination allowed us to point out, in ontological terms, that the genesis, social function and ontological structure of the social complex of education are not to be confused with the category of work, which conforms to an ontologically revolutionary category. In this approach, the thesis emphasizes the importance of apprehending the interaction established between work and education with the categories of political and human emancipation, in the sense of apprehending it through the political experiences that spanned the 18th to the 20th century and in the elaboration of different proposals and theoretical productions from Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat – Marquis de Condorcet; by Louis-Michel Le Peletier, by Vladimir Lenin, by Nadejda Krupskaya, by Antonio Gramsci, by Theodor Adorno and Paulo Freire, elements that support, at the same time, the defense and construction of an emancipatory education, precisely based on the assumptions of universality , equality, freedom, secularism, gratuity and the public/state. Through the analysis of these experiences and elaborations, it is indicated that there is a duality regarding the direction given to emancipatory education, which in our thesis we call: humanly emancipatory education founded and guided by human emancipation, which is based on a new form of work - work associate; second, a politically emancipatory education, which preserves emancipatory elements within it, however, has its limits in political emancipation and, therefore, in wage labor and in the division between manual and intellectual work, its foundations. Supported by the Marxian-Lukácsian ontological investigation, it is pointed out that the construction of an emancipatory education within the scope of the capitalist order has its raison d'être in the bourgeois political emancipation. Because of this condition, the construction of a humanely emancipatory education requires, in ontological terms, the full expression of the social complex of education within the human race. An education that truly takes place based on a new and radical form of universality, equality, integrality and freedom towards omnilateral formation. It is argued that only under a new and radical form of sociability based on truly universal, free, conscious and collective work is it possible, necessary and compatible with a humanly emancipatory education.
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4
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GLADSON ROSAS HAURADOU
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THE 'HEALTH" BEHIND MINERAL EXPLORATION IN THE AMAZON
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Advisor : MARIA VIRGINIA BORGES AMARAL
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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MARIA VIRGINIA BORGES AMARAL
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MARIA VALERIA COSTA CORREIA
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JOSE MENEZES GOMES
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EDLENE PIMENTEL SANTOS
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MARIA LUCIA MARTINELLI
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JÚLIO CESAR SCHWEICKARDT
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MÁRCIA IRENE ANDRADE MAVIGNIER
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Data: Apr 25, 2022
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Show Abstract
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This thesis intends to unveil the system of mediations that shape the "health-disease process" under the veil of large-scale mining projects in a "rural community" in the Brazilian Amazon in the Lower Amazon mesoregion in the extreme west of the state of Pará , (border with the state of Amazonas). Through Case Study, Oral History Methodology and other data acquisition techniques with a qualitative bias (without disregarding the quantitative dimension), it takes as one of its bases the reports of members (directors) of the Association of Communities in the Region of Juruti Velho – ACORJUVE in Vila de Muirapinima collected through field research during the months of October, November and December 2020. The analysis is anchored in the perspective of Marx (1996), and of Marxist authors, according to which there is a social determination of the “health-disease process”. From this perspective, it is argued that the presence of the mining company in the location triggered a set of changes/transformations that condition/determine the way of being of “health” in loco, given the preponderance of its economic dimension over other social and production relations in the region. This preponderance is related to the current stage of capitalist development and the continuous conversion of the “Amazon” into a frontier of extractive exploitation in tune with the organic profitability of contemporary capitalism in crisis.
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5
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UELBER BARBOSA SILVA
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Ideology in Lukács' Ontology
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Advisor : SERGIO AFRANIO LESSA FILHO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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EDLENE PIMENTEL SANTOS
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JOSÉ DERIBALDO GOMES DOS SANTOS
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MARIA GORETE RODRIGUES DE AMORIM
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MARIA NORMA ALCANTARA BRANDAO DE HOLANDA
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SERGIO AFRANIO LESSA FILHO
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SERGIO DANIEL GIANNA
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TALVANES EUGENIO MACENO
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Data: Apr 26, 2022
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Show Abstract
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This thesis aimed to analyze the social complex of ideology. The thesis is the product of an immanent investigation, in an initial phase, of the Prolegomena to the ontology of the social being and of To the ontology of the social being, mainly the chapter The ideal and ideology, by Georg Lukács. Thus, the interest of this research was situated in capturing, in Lukács' exposition, the genesis and social function of ideology and the place occupied by it within the totality of social being. The defense undertaken in this exposition is that, for the author of Ontology, what defines ideology is its dual social function, which can be correctly apprehended only in its historical-concrete determination. It started from the assumption that, for Lukács, ideology is a universal categorical complex of the social being, which acts as that form of intellectual elaboration of reality, which serves to make the social praxis of human beings conscious and capable of action, while it is also the mediation of the social struggles that characterize class societies.
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6
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JAQUELINE LIMA DA SILVA
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The work of the social worker as a form of salaried work: an analysis based on the critique of Political Economy
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Advisor : ROSA LUCIA PREDES TRINDADE
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ALBANI DE BARROS
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MARIA VIRGINIA BORGES AMARAL
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MOEMA AMÉLIA SERPA LOPES DE SOUZA
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REIVAN MARINHO DE SOUZA CARNEIRO
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ROSA LUCIA PREDES TRINDADE
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Data: Aug 30, 2022
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Show Abstract
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The text presented for the purpose of the thesis qualification exam deals with the preliminary results of the research on "The work of the social worker as a form of salaried work: an analysis based on the critique of Political Economy", in progress in the Doctorate of Postgraduate Program in Social Work (PPGSS-UFAL). The ongoing investigation intends to respond to the following research problem: How is the social worker's salaried work, considered, in general, as a form of unproductive work, characterized, and what are the trends that present themselves in relation to the productivist logic in state services and the interrelation that whether it settles between productive and unproductive forms of work? In this sense, the objective of the research is to analyze the configuration of the work of the social worker as a specifically capitalist form of work, considering that, as a salaried worker, the social worker has as a social function the provision of services that constitute, essentially, as a form of unproductive work, as necessary and integral activities in the production and reproduction process of capital. The research methodology consists of bibliographic and documentary studies. The theoretical frameworks express a critical historical understanding of social reality, based on Marxian theory. The empirical data refer to the particularities of the expansion of the Brazilian public service labor market within the scope of the Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica (Federal Network of Professional Education), in order to demonstrate how the form of salaried work of social workers is configured. The organizational structure of this study contains: an introduction, which presents the state of the art and the delimitation of the thesis object, and two more sections that deal, respectively, with wage labor in capitalism, its particularities in the production of material goods and in the provision of services and an analysis of unproductive salaried work in the Brazilian public service, and the particularities of Social Work in the Federal Network of Professional, Scientific and Technological Education and the conclusions. Our analytical hypothesis is that, as the social worker is, fundamentally, an unproductive worker, considered as a necessary cost for the capitalist mode of production, there are trends that point to a process of devaluation of the workforce in the context of public and private services, that occur through changes in the organizational structure of work and that allow both the maintenance of unproductive work and the introduction of mechanisms that favor, to some extent, the use of forms of productive work, mediated by the commodification of state services, with the purpose reducing the costs generated by the form of unproductive work. In this context, the initial conclusions point out that the work of the social worker as a form of paid work is linked to the emergence of the profession that is already born inserted in a wage-earning relationship, in monopoly capitalism. We believe that in order to understand the fundamentals of the social worker's work, it is necessary to situate him in this relationship as an inherent part of the capitalist social form, analyzing him from the theory of value in Marx. Therefore, we consider that the content of the work is distinct from the content of Social Work. For, while work has the function of producing material goods, Social Work has the function of providing services, whose content is not material. But both work and Social Work are useful for the process of production and reproduction of capital.
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7
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EVERTON MELO DA SILVA
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BRAZILIAN STATE “NO ILLUSIONS”: the destructive tendency of the state apparatus in its relations with nature and society
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Advisor : ARTUR BISPO DOS SANTOS NETO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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DANIELA NEVES DE SOUSA
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ARTUR BISPO DOS SANTOS NETO
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EDLENE PIMENTEL SANTOS
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MARIA CRISTINA SOARES PANIAGO
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MARIA DAS GRAÇAS E SILVA
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MARIA VALERIA COSTA CORREIA
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NAILSA MARIA SOUZA ARAÚJO
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Data: Sep 8, 2022
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Show Abstract
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The present thesis has as its theme the Brazilian State and socio-environmental destruction in the context of the military-business regime and neoliberalism. The object of study was to deal with the destructive relationship of the Brazilian State with nature and society operated by infrastructure works that boosted the economic development of the capital system, especially in the Amazon Region. The aim of the thesis was to demystify the analyzes of those who harbor illusions about the Brazilian State as a protector and conservator of nature and a defender of a “balanced” environment for society. Through the historical-dialectical materialist method, we capture the particularities of the Brazilian State, comprising the reciprocal articulation of coexistence between the material base (capital) and the political-legal-legal sphere (State) in the Brazilian economic formation and the demands of international capital from the perspective of the global totality, in addition to the foundations of ecology and the “environmental question” anchored in Marxian thought and in the Marxist tradition. We analyzed the socio-environmental impacts caused by the state works Transamazon, Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant, Grande Carajás Project, Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant and Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant, and the harmful effects of the unrestrained release of pesticides. The results indicate that the Brazilian State is one of the main agents of destruction of nature's biodiversity, on a large scale in the Amazon region, and of society, causing socio-environmental damage, reinforcing our assertion of the destructive tendency of the state apparatus in its relations with nature and society.
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8
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FERNANDO DE ARAUJO BIZERRA
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STATUS AND EXPROPRIATIONS: A VITAL RELATIONSHIP TO THE SYSTEM OF CAPITAL
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Advisor : REIVAN MARINHO DE SOUZA CARNEIRO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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REIVAN MARINHO DE SOUZA CARNEIRO
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MARIA NORMA ALCANTARA BRANDAO DE HOLANDA
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MARIA VIRGINIA BORGES AMARAL
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ARTUR BISPO DOS SANTOS NETO
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MARIA AUGUSTA TAVARES
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Cézar Henrique Miranda Coelho Maranhão
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DANIELA NEVES DE SOUSA
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Data: Oct 21, 2022
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Show Abstract
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This thesis aims to analyze the relationship between the State and expropriations in the capitalist system, explaining its ontological foundations and some of its concrete historical expressions. To make it possible, from a theoretical-methodological point of view, an investigation was carried out in bibliographic sources, resorting to classic and contemporary authors affected by the materialist ontological perspective, and in documents published by official bodies and institutions. The thread of the reflection that follows apprehends that – the State, a particular complex that, by its very nature, protects private property and politically controls the socio-metabolic order – is inseparable from the expropriation of collectively produced and privately appropriated wealth to sustain domination and the particular interests of a class, triggering a web of clashes and resistances. In the course of the exposition, the central argument is defended that the State, using the most diverse means, acts in the field of class struggle in order to facilitate, stimulate and legitimize the expropriations that constitute a condition of existence and reproduction expansion of capital, guaranteeing to a minority the social monopoly of modern private property. The research, whose results are didactically condensed into three chapters, brings to light the expropriation processes connected to the imperative search for the valorization of value and demonstrates how the State complements the capital's sociometabolism; when approaching expropriations as a permanent product of the current society, it points out the state mechanisms used to preserve and recreate them in changing historical circumstances; presents the repercussions of expropriations that negatively affect the daily lives of thousands of individuals in different regions of the world, especially with unemployment and poverty. The appreciation of the material studied shows, in short, that the different expropriations that have the full support of the State occur in harmony with the self-expanding needs of capital. It also shows that the expropriations carried out in the dynamism of capital are absolutely inconceivable without the direct or indirect intervention of the State.
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9
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RENALVO CAVALCANTE SILVA
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FICTIONAL CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC CRISES: FINANCIAL DOMINATION IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY CAPITALISM
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Advisor : ARTUR BISPO DOS SANTOS NETO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ARTUR BISPO DOS SANTOS NETO
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DIEGO DE OLIVEIRA SOUZA
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EDLENE PIMENTEL SANTOS
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GEORGIA SOBREIRA DOS SANTOS CEA
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JOSIANE SOARES SANTOS
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MARIA CRISTINA SOARES PANIAGO
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MARIA DE LOURDES ROLEMBERG MOLLO
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Data: Nov 17, 2022
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Show Abstract
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Marx assesses, at the beginning of Capital, that the wealth of society in the capitalist mode of production is based on a collection of commodities that seeks to satisfy human needs of any kind, regardless of whether the satisfaction will meet the needs of the stomach or the imagination, or even if the commodity will be used for the direct usufruct of the person who acquired it or as a means of production for other commodities. Marx intends to expose the secrets of the commodity that will reveal the economic structure of capitalist society. In the same work, the German thinker already mentions the credit system, public debt, the stock market and a banking development that will give rise to a class of idle rentiers who obtain their gains from loans to groups of functioning capitalists and to the State itself, forming a financial aristocracy that constitutes a parasitic wealth. However, in book III of Capital, he admits that fictitious capital financial securities are also commodities traded in a specific market and relatively insubordinate to the production of real wealth. This means that the fetishism achieved with the development of finance capital reaches its maximum potency when it manages to create a type of commodity that rebels against the real process of capital appreciation. The financial domination of contemporary capitalism appears as a counter-tendency measure to crises, which reappear in the future with more intensifying and destructive aspects. In order to achieve the objective of our studies, a bibliographic research was carried out, having dialectical materialism as the guiding method for understanding the movement of reality, capable of mediating the relationship between consciousness and effective concrete. Furthermore, we have as main theoretical references Marx, Chesnais, Hilferding, Bukharin, Harvey, Coggiola, Grespan, Carcanholo, Mollo, Nakatani, Sabadini etc. The thesis is divided into three sections, which deal with fundamental categories for the development of research, both to understand the genesis of fictitious capital and to understand the developments that led to financialized capitalism. The first section deals with the commodity, the theory of value in Capital and interest-bearing capital. The second section discusses the foundations of fictitious capital and the capitalist crises that unfolded in the concentration and centralization of capital in monopoly capitalism, with important consequences that determined the globalization of capital in the 1970s/1980s. In the third section, we analyze the result of decades of capitalist overaccumulation and the consequences of the US break with the Bretton Woods agreement, allowing speculative orgies and the global casino to be free to create fictitious wealth. It is concluded that from an ontological analysis of fictitious capital, its origin depended on the formation of interest-bearing capital, in the same way that interest-bearing capital had its ontogenesis in the relations of abstract labor in the production of goods. The attempt to transform the financial system into the guardian of capitalist interests has only led to the misery and destruction of humanity, leaving no alternative but human extinction or the overcoming of capital.
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10
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VICENTE JOSE BARRETO GUIMARAES
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The (un)reason in a time of hopelessness: burguese reactionism as a sense of life
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Advisor : MARIA NORMA ALCANTARA BRANDAO DE HOLANDA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ARTUR BISPO DOS SANTOS NETO
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EDLENE PIMENTEL SANTOS
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JOSÉ DERIBALDO GOMES DOS SANTOS
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MARIA NORMA ALCANTARA BRANDAO DE HOLANDA
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TALVANES EUGENIO MACENO
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Data: Nov 25, 2022
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Show Abstract
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Reason; Irrationalism; Capital; Marxism; Philosophy.
The aim of this thesis lies in the purpose of its title to announce the unreason in times of hopelessness. The process of dehumanization is allocated on the agenda, which the current civilizing model only deepens. To this end, it begins by seeking to apprehend how explanatory models about the world were constructed in the Greek-medieval period, considering the particularities of historical times, its truths, and its values. Next, we seek to understand the development of the Enlightenment reason as an integral part of the great economic, social and political project of the bourgeoisie, in the universalization of its values, as well as the legitimation of the new explanatory models of the world, marked by private property, wage labor and the irrevocable defense of the individual's freedom. Finally, we sought to assimilate the determinants of how the post-1848 bourgeoisie placed itself as a counterrevolutionary class, leading it to a process of ideological decay, which, according to Lukács, was an international phenomenon and not just a particular event in Germany, considered the main stage of the production of reactionary ideology. The thesis concludes by stating that thinking about the rationality or irrationalism of all men, is to think about how the action of all these individuals was being forged by the objective conditions of everyday life. The unreason and hopelessness of the world in the 21st century, where we are filled with enterprising Sisyphus lost in their particular infinity, further enlarge meaningless life. A life of superficiality, a life of manipulated consumption of capital. The rupture of this scenario is linked to the answer that humanity may come to give before the following question: barbarism or socialism?
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11
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ISLANIA LIMA DA ROCHA
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HISTORICAL BASES OF CONSERVATISM IN BRAZILIAN SOCIAL WORK: the configuration of conservative thinking in the process of preserving the capitalist order
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Advisor : EDLENE PIMENTEL SANTOS
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ALBANI DE BARROS
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CLARISSA TENORIO MARANHAO RAPOSO
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EDLENE PIMENTEL SANTOS
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MARIA NORMA ALCANTARA BRANDAO DE HOLANDA
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MÔNICA BARROS DA NOBREGA
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SERGIO DANIEL GIANNA
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SILVANA MARCIA DE ANDRADE MEDEIROS
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Data: Nov 29, 2022
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Show Abstract
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This doctoral thesis discusses the foundations that made conservatism a structural feature of capitalist society and its relationship with social work in the process of preserving the bourgeois order. The objective of the study is to understand the social and economic relations that formed the basis for the constitution of conservatism and its insertion in the ideological and cultural aspects of the reproduction of class society, impacting a conservative offensive in social work that intensifies given the recent political and ideological scenario in Brazil. The bibliographic review was the methodology used in the research process, based on Marx's method from a historical, critical and dialectical analysis, taking as a methodological resource the immanent analysis of the texts used. Conservatism is understood here as a result of the ideological decay of the bourgeoisie, when it abandoned its revolutionary perspective and absorbed an anti-proletarian stance. This thought shows an irrationalism that marks an opposition and a refusal of materialism, becoming an ideological framework to sustain bourgeois domination. Bringing the discussion to the Brazilian reality, it is evident that the process of the country's socio-historical formation was a privileged locus for the structuring of conservative thinking in Brazil and for the constitution of its dominant moral values. Thus, the presupposition of this research is that the advance of conservatism in Brazil maintains an intrinsic relationship with the power structures established in the country, during its socio-historical formation process, and which last until the present time, perpetuating social and material relations that condition the reproduction of the capitalist order. This thesis shows that the advance of the multiple expressions of conservatism in social work, as a historically determined profession, points to a tension in the theoretical-critical debate within it, reflecting in the presentation of postmodern neoconservative trends that will cause inflections in its scopes ideological and political, since it affects professional training and professional practice, implying the regression of professional culture, compromising the implementation of their professional project and emptying the historical-critical perspective.
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12
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VIVIANE MEDEIROS DOS SANTOS
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THE PROTAGONISM OF THE STATE IN THE EXPANSION AND PROFITABILITY OF THE PRIVATE HEALTH SECTOR:
the parasitism of the private sector to the SUS
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Advisor : MARIA VALERIA COSTA CORREIA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ANDREA PACHECO DE MESQUITA
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JOSE MENEZES GOMES
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JOSEANE BARBOSA DE LIMA
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MARIA INÊS SOUZA BRAVO
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MARIA VALERIA COSTA CORREIA
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ROSA LUCIA PREDES TRINDADE
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SILVANA MARCIA DE ANDRADE MEDEIROS
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Data: Dec 12, 2022
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Show Abstract
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This thesis aims to analyze the role of the State in favoring the expansion and profitability of the private health sector, in the context of financialization of capital, after the corporate-legal-parliamentary coup of 2016. It seeks to understand the dispute of the public fund by different fractions of capitalists in the health sector and how the Brazilian State has made these processes possible, highlighting the analysis from Temer's administration on. To achieve the proposed objective, from the theoretical and methodological point of view, we used bibliographical research based on classical and contemporary authors who are representatives of the critical historical tradition. Documentary research was also one of the methodologies used to reach the objectives through the analysis of the legislation related to this policy, besides the Federal Government's database, as well as other data sources from printed and electronic research. The research started from an analysis of the formation and organization of the State, focusing on the Modern State in the framework of bourgeois society and its function in the process of production and reproduction of capital. Throughout the exposition, the process of organization of the financial capital and its expressions in contemporary capitalism is highlighted. In the scope of the research, the spreading of the financial sphere is evidenced, shaped in the process of counter-reform of the State, which in turn impacts social policies. The focus of this research is health policy in this context. In Brazil, it has been observed that the State counter-reform processes, underway since the 1990s, have had negative repercussions on the consolidation of the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), according to the precepts defended by the Sanitary Reform Project of the 1980s. On the other hand, the Privatist Project of neoliberal character has been strengthened by the State. The appreciation of the researched material evidenced that the State acts through its juridical-political and economic apparatus in favoring and legalizing the privatization and mercantilization processes of the health policy, in which the most evident expression occurs in the transfer of the public fund to the different fractions of capitalists in the health area.
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