Phosphorus (P) is a limiting nutrient in tropical soils, and effective phosphorus fertilization management is essential to reach critical levels for agricultural crops, despite its low efficiency in P use. The adoption of cover crops can enhance P recycling, thereby altering soil P dynamics and optimizing phosphate fertilizer efficiency. These benefits may be associated with microbial activation and soil multifunctionality. The overall objective was to determine changes in P dynamics and soil microbiota promoted by cover crops and P sources in the short term in Alagoas. The study was conducted on sandy soil over two corn crops under no-till. The treatments included two P sources (single superphosphate (SSP) and rock phosphate (RP)) and a control without P addition (Nil-P), associated with six summer cover crop species and a fallow. Chemical P fractionation, P extraction by cover crops, and corn P export were determined in both crops. Enzymes for C, N, and P-acquisition by microbiota, microbial biomass, labile C, and total soil C and N were determined only after the second crop to estimate soil multifunctionality. In the first crop, cover crops altered P dynamics, increasing ~38% compared to fallow in the labile P pool where no P was added in the 0-10 cm depth, especially with spectabilis, pigeon pea, sunn hemp, and millet. However, in the second crop, they depleted this P fraction. Where P sources were applied, the labile and moderately labile P pools increased substantially, mainly associated with millet in the 0-5 cm depth. Between crops, cover crops depleted non-labile P from the 10-20 cm and accumulated it in the initial depth (0-5 cm). Under SSP, there was an increase in P use efficiency with lab lab, spectabilis, sunn hemp, and pigeon pea compared to fallow. Similar responses occurred under RP, except with spectabilis. Cover crops modulated enzymatic activities for C, N, and P-acquisition. P-acquisition was superior under RP, especially with lab lab. Similar results with lab lab were observed for C and N-acquisition, with higher responses in the initial depth (0-5 cm), although N-acquisition was higher in Nil-P but did not differ from fallow. P addition favored microbial biomass, regardless of the depth. In No-P, similar levels occurred only in the 0-5 cm, with significant losses in the 5-10 cm. Overall, only sunn hemp and millet did not differ from fallow. Regarding soil multifunctionality, fallow was negative regardless of P sources, and the best responses occurred with jack bean and spectabilis. Thus, cover crops modulated soil P fractions due to nutrient cycling within the agricultural system (micro-soil-plant), improving phosphate fertilization efficiency and activating soil multifunctionality.

The vast production of chemical compounds, of natural or synthetic origin, and their multivariate applications have considerably affected the different environmental compartments and the health of humans and other animals. The world has been feeling the effects of the environmental fuel problem, which has intensified in recent years, with the diversification of industrial centers and the increase in world population. Among the AOPs, we can highlight the electrochemistry that has been used in the degradation of different pollutants and, also, the photochemistry, both approaches have been widely used in the removal of emerging pollutants. The present research performed photochemical, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical degradation of pollutants of emerging concern using dimensionally stable anodes (DSA®) and self-doped lever nanotubes (NTT-AD). DSA® electrodes were obtained commercially (DeNora do Brazil). The NTT-AD electrodes were obtained by anodizing membrane plates (Realum). All electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray distribution spectroscopy (EDS). The photochemical degradation of the pollutants was carried out through the application of UV radiation; the electro-oxidation was carried out through the application of different current densities (10, 15 and 20 and 30 mA cm-2) and, finally, they were degraded through the interaction of both processes (photo-electrochemistry). The efficiency of degradation pollutants was consequent by means of UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the techniques combined with each other are efficient in the degradation of the drug, however, it was also observed that UV radiation presents a satisfactory reduction.

Erosivity is defined as the potential of rain to cause soil erosion and is a function exclusively of the physical characteristics of the rain itself, especially the quantity, intensity and diameter of drops, as well as the terminal velocity. One of the great challenges in the elaboration of models for erosion estimation consisted in transforming the kinetic energy of the rain into numerical values for application in a mathematical model for erosion prediction. The present work aims at determining rainfall erosivity based on pluviometric data in the microregions of Alagoas's Sertão do São Francisco and Serrana do Sertão de Alagoas, based on three mathematical models. The study area comprises the territorial cutout of the State of Alagoas, with municipalities distributed in the microregions Alagoana do Sertão do São Francisco (Delmiro Gouveia, Piranhas and Olho Dágua do Casado) and Serrana do Sertão Alagoano (Água Branca, Canapi and Mata Grande). In this research, pluviometric information from 06 municipalities that are part of Alto Sertão Alagoano was analyzed, in the period between 1913 and 1985, depending on the pluviometric data available for each municipality. To estimate erosivity, the models proposed by Lombardi Netto; Moldenhauer; Morais and collaboratos and Rufino and collaborators were used. Água Branca stands out within the Microregion Serrana do Alto Sertão Alagoas as the municipality that obtained the highest average erosivity values and Canapi, with the lowest values. Within the Microregion of Sertão do São Francisco, Piranhas stands out for presenting the lowest average values of erosivity and Olho Dágua do Casado with the highest average values. The average monthly precipitation for the counties that make up the Microregion of Alto Sertão Alagoas was approximately 82.81 mm for Água Branca, 51.97 mm for Mata Grande and 47.55 mm for Canapi. The lowest volume of precipitation observed was 5.50 mm in Canapi, with a historical series of 48 years of observation of rainfall data, and the highest value observed in Água Branca, with 155.85 mm, with a historical series of 72 years of observation of rainfall data. The average monthly precipitation for the municipalities that make up the Microregion of Alagoas do Sertão do São Francisco was approximately 42.49 mm for Delmiro Gouveia, 41.50 mm for Piranhas and 46.01 mm for Olho Dágua do Casado. As for the values of precipitation volume, the lowest (8.86 mm) was observed for the municipality of Olho Dágua do Casado, with a historical series of rainfall data of 28 years, and the highest (77.07 mm) registered in the municipality of Delmiro Gouveia, with 55 years of historical series of rainfall data. The highest values of average monthly erosivity were verified in the Microregion Serrana do Alto Sertão Alagoas, a region of higher altitudes, with predominantly gentle-rounded relief. The Microregion of Sertão do São Francisco, in Alagoas, presented the lowest erosivity and precipitation rates. The models presented a good correlation in all the municipalities that make up the region of the high sertão of Alagoas.

The knowledge of the factors that exert influence on the water erosion process has been gaining prominence that it is about management and conservation of natural resources, mainly in the hydrographic basin, which represents a territorial cut that covers different geomorphological environments. Precipitation, among the factors that act on erosion, is highlighted for adding kinetic energy to the system, which is described as rainfall erosivity, which is an exclusive function of the physical characteristics of rain, represented by the diameter of the drops, intensity and terminal velocity. One of the major challenges in the study of erosivity is to transform precipitation values into mathematical values for use in mathematical models. In this search, several mathematical models have already been developed, mainly using rainfall data, which is not the standard method for estimating rainfall erosivity. This work aims to determine the erosivity of rainfall based on rainfall data from ten municipalities in the portion of the Mundaú River Basin, in Alagoas territory, using three mathematical models. The Mundaú river basin is located in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, in its course it crosses different morphoclimatic domains that range from the semi-arid region to the coast. In the Alagoas part of the basin, it corresponds to its lower half, inserted in the territorial cut of fifteen municipalities in Alagoas. In this research, rainfall information was analyzed from ten municipalities that make up the Mundaú River Basin, in Alagoas territory, in the rainfall observation period from 1963 to 1985, with data from the rainfall database at the Superintendence of Northeast Development (SUDENE). To obtain rainfall erosivity values, the models proposed by Lombardi Netto were used; Moldenhauer, Rufino et al. and Rufino et al., all developed in the 90's. The model proposed by Lombardi Neto; Moldenhauer, in the nineties, in the statistical analysis presented the highest averages of erosivity in all the analyzed municipalities that encompass the Mundaú River Basin, except in São José da Laje, where the model with the highest average was that of Rufino et al. In the analysis of the relationship between precipitation and monthly erosivity, the model that presented the highest erosivity indices was the model by Morais et al. in all municipalities observed in the study. The municipality of Satuba was characterized as having the highest average annual precipitation, which consequently contributed to the highest rates of erosivity among all the analyzed municipalities. In all municipalities analyzed, the rainiest months were May, June and July, and the months with the lowest rainfall were November and December, thus presenting the lowest erosivity indices in the evaluation of the three mathematical models.

The no-tillage system stands out as the predominant model used for grain production. Thus, the use of cover crops provides soil protection and nutrient fixation/cycling. Understanding the dissolution and distribution capacity of different forms of P is essential to assess the availability of this element to plants and optimize the efficient use of phosphate fertilizers, especially in regions with electropositive soil and low precipitation. This study investigated whether the use of cover crops and different P sources affect corn yield and soil quality in a no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca campus (9°42'00" and 36°41'12"W, 324 m latitude). The local soil is classified as dystrophic red-yellow argisol and the textural class is sandy loam. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with six replications. The plots (8 x 35 m) were represented by phosphorus sources: simple superphosphate (soluble), reactive natural phosphate (reactive) and without phosphorus application (without P). In the subplots (8 x 5 m) treatments were six species of cover crops: Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cajanus cajan, Dolichos lablab, Canavalia ensiformis, Pennisetum glaucum and one treatment without cover (fallow). The productivity of the dry mass had higher yield in Crotalaria juncea (4,1 t ha^-1) and lower production for Cajanus cajan (1,1 t ha^-1). The cover crops accumulated greater amounts of nutrients: N, K and Ca. There was no significant effect on corn yield in succession of cover crops and P sources. Grain yield ranged from ~6,5 to ~8 t ha^-1. Corn plants extracted greater amounts of N, P and Ca. The cover crops are good nutrient recyclers and showed better extraction by the grains in the soluble source. On the other hand, the lowest nutrient extraction rates were found in fallow, except for Ca, differing only ~8% from Canavalia ensiformis. In general, cover crops contribute to soil ecosystem services, reducing temperature and water evaporation, maintaining higher humidity, and may contribute to corn productivity in regions with water scarcity, although long-term studies (>10 years) are required for positive conclusions.

Brazil is the country with the greatest biological diversity on the planet, however most of the medicinal plants known and used commercially are exotic and/or cultivated. Studies on native medicinal plants are essential for the conservation of these species and the traditional knowledge associated with their use. This study aims to systematize information available in the literature on native plants occurring in the State of Alagoas. We chose the collection records referring to the municipality of Marechal Deodoro due to its large area covered by natural ecosystems, including restingas, board forests, floodplains and lagoons. To start the study, we used the database of scientific collections available at speciesLink (https://specieslink.net/). With the initial list of monocotyledons registered for the municipality, a Google Scholar search was carried out with the term “medicinal use” for each species. There were a total of 130 species of monocotyledons in the database, distributed in 10 families. The families with the highest number of species were Cyperaceae (64), Poaceae (22), Orchidaceae (19), Araceae (11), and Xyridaceae (5). A total of 51 species (39%) occurring in the study area had at least one citation in the literature for popular medicinal use, phytochemical characterization of their extracts, in vitro activity research or in vivo activity research. These species belong to eight botanical families. There was a greater number of species mentioned in the literature in the families Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Orchidaceae, which were also the three families with the greatest diversity of species collected in the area. Species from two families that occur in the area (Alismataceae and Alstroemeriaceae) had no record of “medicinal use” with the search criteria used. The study results highlight the importance of local ecosystems as a shelter for medicinal plants and the need to plan sustainable management for some of these species that are the target of extractivism for medicinal purposes.

Currently, there is growing concern regarding the quality of environments in different parts of the world, and this concern is associated with high rates of impacts caused by human occupation. In the semi-arid environment, the effect of human actions translates into degradation, making it a significant challenge to estimate the levels of soil degradation, in terms of physical, chemical and biological attributes. Considering the dynamic and objective functionality of the soil, analyzing its current state, predicting the paths of its transformation. Measuring soil quality as an indicator of soil degradation is a widely used tool seeking to assess the degree of anthropogenic impact. Estimating soil quality in a given environment is done by observing or measuring different soil properties or processes. Despite the imminent degradation of soils in the semi-arid region of Alagoas, there are still few studies that use the physical and chemical properties of the soil as indicators of soil quality in areas undergoing degradation. In this context, this work aims to use the physical and chemical properties of the soil as indicators of the degradation process of areas undergoing desertification in the municipality of Ouro Branco, in the Alagoas hinterland. Soil samples were collected in three areas: Area 1 – Degraded; Area 2 – Intermediate and Area 3 – Native vegetation, 9 sampling points were demarcated, in two layers (0.0 – 0.10; 0.10 – 0.20 m) in the municipality of Ouro Branco – AL. The acidity and CTC properties (pH, total and effective CTC, base saturation, aluminum saturation, potential acidity, sodium saturation), macronutrients (P, K, Ca and Mg) and physical attributes (texture) were then analyzed. soil density, soil density, particle density, total porosity and aggregate stability). The use of multivariate statistics revealed the importance of certain soil attributes, standing out as sensitive for identifying or perceiving changes in soil properties, presenting values very close to degradation levels, and can be used as an indicator of physical or chemical quality of the soil. soil in studies to characterize environmental degradation.

In this research we discuss the centrifugal spatial pattern in the establishment of vegetation in sandy coastal soils, according to a model in which a plant acts as a catalyst for the succession process and triggers the process of clump formation. We studied vegetation growth in a conservation unit in the State of Alagoas (APA da Marituba), analyzing 100 thickets and their growth at two different times, with an interval of 10 years. The intensity of the spatial pattern was quantified using landscape metrics. Our data indicate that a key plant (Myrciaria floribunda) initiates a process creating regeneration nuclei. The initial colonization process appears to follow an assembly line, with a deterministic succession pattern until the thickets reach a size of 10m. In the successional sequence, nuclei grow and neighboring nuclei coalesce. The growth of the nuclei occurred both by the arrival of propagules of new species and by the addition of new individuals of species from the initial assembly. It was observed that the thickets of smaller areas tended to present rounded shapes and as the thickets increase in area, their shape becomes linear and the index values tend to increase. The taxonomic richness of clumps, at species level, increases along the clump size gradient Richness was also correlated with clump shape, larger and irregular clumps were richer in species.

The potential of rain to cause erosion can be assessed through erosivity indices. Rainfall erosivity, defined as the potential for rain to cause erosion, depending exclusively on the physical characteristics of the rain itself, including intensity, quantity, raindrop diameter, terminal velocity and kinetic energy. The erosivity estimate is obtained using a series of rainfall records of at least 20 years. The pluviographic method is the standard method used in Brazil. But due to the deficiencies of rainfall records, seeking to overcome this deficiency was proposed by Lombardi Neto, a mathematical model, which establishes a relationship between the values of monthly rainfall for an annual period, the result is called rainfall coefficient. The Coruripe River basin extends for more than 140 km, from its source on the edge of the Borborema Plateau, in the municipality of Palmeira dos Índios and flows into the Atlantic Ocean, in the municipality of Coruripe. This route crosses different regions, with many in the pluviometric regimes, which has an influence on the erosivity indices in the territorial cut of the aforementioned basin. Based on this assumption, this work aims to determine the rainfall erosivity indices of the municipalities that are part of the Coruripe River basin - AL, through mathematical models. In this research, pluviometric information from 12 municipalities that are part of the Coruripe River Watershed, in the period studied is between 1913 and 2021, depending on the pluviometric data available for each municipality. To estimate erosivity, the models proposed by Leprun and Lombardi Netto were used; Moldenhauer. The municipality of Quebrangulo presented the highest erosivity indices, according to the models proposed by Leprun and Lombardi Neto; Moldenhauer. The municipality of Craíbas had the lowest erosivity indices by the models studied, perhaps due to the amplitude of the rainfall data. The highest values of monthly average erosivity were verified in the region of Alto Coruripe, region where the east is located, with a very busy relief. The region called middle Coruripe, presented the lowest erosivity and precipitation indexes, this result is conditioned to the values presented by the municipality of Craíbas. The models showed a good correlation in all the municipalities of the river basin of the river Coruripe - AL.

The Caatinga biome is the main set of terrestrial ecosystems in the Brazilian Northeast region. The Caatinga vegetation domain is diversified in landscapes and vegetation types; however, it is advancing in a stage of degradation with few conserved remnants. To understand the dynamics of such a diverse environment, it is important to consider watersheds as units. In this way, we sought to identify degraded areas in the Capiá River Basin, during the period from 2001 to 2021, inserted in the Caatinga Biome, Brazilian semi-arid region. For this, remote sensing products were used, where, through SRTM, LANDSAT 5/TM and 8/OLI images , data from MapBiomas Brazil and CHIRPS ; used in Google Earth Engine and Quantum gis ( Qgis ) allowed to evaluate the slope, Vegetation Indexes - IVs , land use and cover and precipitation. In addition, 10 targets were selected on the ground of the watershed, where data collection was carried out in the field. The study showed that most of the region has very low and low slopes (0-3% and 3-6%); the IVs used showed similar results with greater expression of vegetation cover for the last years of the time series, the spatial variation of vegetation is mainly related to slope and precipitation. With regard to land use and occupation, for the last decade, reductions were registered in the area (%) of the class’s natural forest, non-forest formation and water bodies, in contrast, an increase in agriculture and livestock and urban areas. The on-site visit represented a fundamental step for verifying the remote data, with images of each point being recorded. The data show that environmental monitoring studies are necessary to understand the dynamics of changes over time, the use of remote sensing offers many options as study tools, however, when validated in the field, they provide greater integrity.

Phenol is an aromatic compound of industrial importance, with its structural properties being able to be used in a variety of products, such as medicines and agrochemicals. As it is an environmental contaminant solution that is difficult to remove by conventional methods of water treatment, its presence in a combination of its treatment alternatives for new technologies for reduction. The present study aimed to carry out the work of phenol degradation through electrochemical and photochemical tests by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and advanced oxidative processes (AOPs). The electrochemistry, advanced photoelectrochemical photochemistry, study evaluated the manufacturing of oxidative processes employing H2O2 as an oxidizing agent. The tests were carried out in a glass reactor equipped with a 13 W UV lamp with radiation emission at 254 nm used in the photochemical tests. In the electrochemical evaluation, three current densities were followed (10, 20, and 30 mA cm-2) using Na2SO4 as an electrolyte, in which a density of 10 mA cm-2 was chosen for the electrochemical evaluation. Phenol monitoring was monitored in a spectrophotometer with spectral scanning between 250 and 800 nm and by LC. Through the analysis of time analysis, comparisons of degradation products were made in times: 60 minutes, 120, and 120 minutes. The reduction of phenol was verified in all estimates, but it was not significant in the tests, in addition to presenting a reduction of its electrochemical concentration in the reaction medium, using the oxidant H2O2. In the photochemical, photochemical, and photochemical tests performed, there was a reduction of phenol, with greater efficiency with the reduction of tests performed, with H2O2. Appreciable also of these nodes with UV and H2O2 irradiation. Thus, the tests with photochemical and electrochemical components combined with AOPs proved to be efficient in the decomposition of phenol and degradation products.

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is among the ten vegetables of greatest economic importance in the national market for vegetables, and to obtain high productivity it is necessary to use appropriate techniques in irrigation management. In light of this, the irrigation pulses consist of applying the necessary real irrigation in a fractional way throughout the day. Thus, the objective was to determine the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and the cultivation coefficient (Kc) through drainage lysimeters with the inclusion of irrigation pulses at different times of cultivation in the pepper culture. The experiments were carried out in the experimental area for the Irriga Group, located on the premises of the Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca Campus, in the periods from January to March, May to July and August to October 2019. 25 drainage lysimeters were installed, distributed in five planting lines, in an area of 6.0 x 3.0 m in width and length, respectively, consisting of plastic material with a volume of 0.06 m3. Each set of 5 lysimeters corresponded to an irrigation pulse, the first set being called pulse 1 to set 5 which was called pulse 5. The Kc was obtained for each irrigation pulse, being determined by the ratio between ETc and the ETo (reference evapotranspiration). ETc was obtained daily for each pulse of irrigation, which was determined by the difference between the applied and drained blade. And ETo estimated through empirical methods: Penman-Monteith, Hargreaves-Samani, Solar Radiation and Blaney-Criddle. The first growing season showed the respective Kc's: pulse 1 with the lowest Kc (0.61; 0.61; 0.81; 1.09 and 1.24) and pulse 5 with the highest Kc (0.77; 0, 77; 0.89; 1.15 and 1.27), the 2nd growing season follows the same pattern of behavior with the lowest Kc for pulse 1 (0.55; 0.55; 0.74; 0.94 and 1.16) and the highest Kc at pulse 5 (0.62; 0.62; 0.76; 1.14 and 1.29), which continues to happen in the third growing season, where pulse 1 obtained lowest Kc (0.59; 0.59; 0.84; 1.04 and 1.22) and pulse 5 the highest Kc (0.70; 0.70; 1.00; 1.26 and 1.30 ) when compared to the others. In all growing seasons, ETc increased with the addition of irrigation pulses, in the 1st growing season, pulse 1 had a lower ETc with 8.36 mm (Total: 307.58 mm) and pulse 5 had a higher ETc with 8.40 mm (Total: 336.16 mm); in the second growing season, pulse 1 presented 4.41 mm ETc (Total: 171.74 mm) and pulse 5 of 4.51 mm (Total: 187.62 mm); and the third cultivation season, obtained for the wrist 1 an ETc of 8.92 mm (Total: 335.14 mm) and for the wrist 5 an ETc of 9.50 mm (Total: 386.35 mm). With respect to Kc, pulse 1 obtained the lowest and pulse 5 the highest, when compared to the others.

The semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil (NEB) has high soil
variability, highlighting the State of Alagoas, which has a strong
diversity of climate, relief and soils typically belonging to the Oxisols
and Argissolos classes. Studies related to Oxisols present in the state of
Alagoas are still incipient, which makes it difficult to know the
physical-chemical properties, as well as to provide better use of such
soils, in order to avoid processes of environmental degradation, such as
desertification. The present work aimed to extract and characterize the
organic matter present in Yellow, Red and Red-Yellow Latosols
frequently found in different regions of the state of Alagoas, seeking to
establish data that can help in decision making and improvement of
agriculture in areas subject to desertification. The samples of Oxisols
were collected between the months of October and November of 2018,
in the cities of Alagoas (Teotônio Vilela, Arapiraca, Coruripe, Palmeira
dos Índios, Limoeiro de Anadia and Rio Largo). Fertility analysis of
the eight samples of Oxisols consisted of determining the pH in water
and calcium chloride, Calcium, Magnesium and Aluminum Method
Exchangeable Calcium, Exchangeable Aluminum, Exchangeable
Sodium and Potassium, and Potential Acidity The organic matter of the
soil samples was determined by the calcination method, and the
extraction of HS occurred by the method adopted by the International
Society of Humic Substances (IHSS). The characterization of the SH
samples was performed both by ultraviolet spectroscopy in the visible
region and by molecular fluorescence spectroscopy. Micro, 

macronutrients and metallic species were determined by the open
system digestion method. Through the analysis of fertility, it was found
that these are strongly acidic soils, highlighting soil H, due to the high
content of expressed potential acidity. The MOS content was
expressive in all samples, highlighting the E (9.23±0.49) and D
(8.02±0.08) soils, which presented a higher mean MOS content when
compared to the other samples, which directly influenced the increase
in the cation exchange capacity. According to the E4/E6 ratio, sample
B has a greater presence of condensed aromatic structures (3.98), while
sample C has a greater presence of aliphatic structures (24.88), low
molecular weight (11.50) and with greater participation of terrestrial
plants, due to the high level of lignified structures. While the
fluorescence characterization through the A4/A1 ratio, it was
evidenced that the F sample has a higher humification index, where
consequently there was a change in MOS in SH, expressing itself as a
soil of undesirable quality. Sample E expressed a higher average
content of the elements evaluated (Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, K, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr,
Zn, Al and Fe). Therefore, the present research becomes relevant to
obtain a more accurate knowledge of this soil class in the state of
Alagoas, as well as scientifically contributing so that these are
conditioned to maintenance in order to maintain their fertility.

Among the species belonging to the family of annonaceae, the pine cone (Annona squamosa L.), is one of the representatives of the family of greatest socioeconomic importance worldwide. In Brazil, its largest production is concentrated in the Northeast region, with family farming being responsible for all the pine cones produced in the country. However, the production of fruits of this species is below its potential due, among other factors, to deficient pollination, since normally the presence of its pollinators is insufficient to reach satisfactory productions. Artificial pollination has good results, but it is costly. Thus, the objective of this work was to use volatile organic compounds (odors) that are attractive to Carpophilus spp. both in the laboratory and in the field. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the pine cone and guava fruits, as well as the VOCs emitted by the pine tree flowers, were collected using the dynamic headspace system, using Porapak Q adsorbent (80/100 mesh, 0.05 g; Supelco). The air was injected into the plastic bag, passing through an activated carbon filter at a flow of 400 mL/min. for both fruits and flowers and tubes with Porapak Q were used at the top of the bag and the air was collected at a flow rate of 350 mL/min. for each fruit/flower. The collection of VOCs from the pine cone flowers lasted twelve hours starting at 5:00 pm, as this time was marked by the release of a strong sweet odor, which remains until the next day. Previously, the glass tubes were washed with hexane and heated in ovens at 100 °C for 60 min, for the "activation" of the adsorbent. At the end of the aeration, the desorption of volatiles in Porapak Q was carried out passing 0.5 mL of hexane solvent and stored in vials at -20 °C. As verified, the volatiles of the guava fruit, the pine cone flower and the pine cone fruit showed that they are attractive to the pine tree pollinators, both in the laboratory and in the field. The VOCs of the guava fruit and the pine cone in advanced stages of maturation attracted the pine pollinating insect, as well as the flower VOCs. That's because a floral odor similar to ripe or decaying fruit can attract nidullid beetles. Since, these insects are attracted by floral scents that have a “fruitful” aroma. The flowers probably mimic fruit aromas in order to attract these insects. The use of attractive baits in pine cone orchards, aiming to increase productivity, showed satisfactory results, increasing productivity in commercial orchards by more than 80%.

Antarctic shelter environments can different life forms adapted to physical conditions and extreme areas such as cold temperature, water availability, high UV radiation, strong winds, different pH and salinity ranges. Given this information, it is suspected that filamentous fungi adapted to such conditions develop the activity of solubilizing insoluble phosphate from the soil to release soluble phosphorus (P) and make it available to plants. In this context, the aim of this study was to isolate and identify new strains of filamentous fungi from lichens and sediments from Antarctica with the ability to solubilize inorganic phosphate. Lichens and sediments from Antarctica were collected during the OPERANTAR XXXVI expedition, in the austral summer of 2017/18. The 6 lichens of different colors were collected in King George Island - Punta Ullmann and Punta Hanequin, and the 4 from sediments collected in Deception Island, Whalers Bay, due to the South Shetlands (Maritime Antarctica). A collection of 82 fungal strains were selected and evaluated for an inorganic phosphate solubilization activity. Make the total of 82 fungi tested, 3 lichen and 8 sediment grant, dissipation activity for phosphate solubilization in solid NBRIP culture medium containing tricalcium phosphate (TCP) at 15 °C. 6 isolates were selected during screening in solid medium with larger solubilization halos and tested in temperature ranges, varying between 15.0, 25.0 and 30.0 °C. In solid medium, the fungi were able to solubilize in the three temperature ranges, with a solubilization index (IS) ranging from 1.4 to 3.63 mm subjected to a temperature of 15 °C, from 1.3 to 3.57 mm to 25 °C and from 1.3 to 1.4 mm at 30 °C. One of the largest IS was found in isolates 1EM.P1 at 15 °C and 5Y.P4 at 25 °C with 3.63 and 3.57 mm, respectively. In a liquid medium, the 1EM.P1 isolate was the only one to present significant values for solubilization, with an average release of soluble P of 106.14 mg/L-1 and with a pH reduction from 7.0 to 4.38 to 15 °C, and at 25 °C with soluble P release of 80.89 mg/L-1 and pH reduction from 7.0 to 5.40. For tests under stress conditions, the 1EM.P1 isolate showed better solubilization when subjected to 0.5 M NaCl. Regarding the pH variation, it showed greater release of soluble P at pH 8.0. As for the carbohydrate source, it presented better solubilization in the presence of glucose. The 1EM.P1 isolate, when subjected to different sources of inorganic phosphate, showed better solubilization in the presence of TCP, with a maximum peak in 15 days of incubation. In general, the results showed that Antarctic fungi are able to solubilize phosphate in solid medium, as well as through the release of soluble P in the liquid medium, especially those isolated from sediment.

Lichens are pioneer organisms in extreme environments, grow in nutrient-limiting conditions and are recurrent in Antarctica. They represent a rich reservoir for the isolation of bacteria with biotechnological potential of agricultural interest, presenting characteristics that promote plant growth through inorganic phosphate solubilization mechanisms. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze the potential of bacteria isolated from 6 Antarctic lichens for solubilization of inorganic phosphate under the influence of different temperatures, pH variation, NaCl concentrations, carbohydrates and induction of osmotic potential. The collection took place from different lichens on King George Island, during the OPERANTAR XXXVI expedition (summer 2017/2018). Bacteria were tested for phosphate solubilization using solid NBRIP medium (qualitative) and in broth (quantitative). The positive bacteria for solubilization were tested for the ability to fix nitrogen. The quantification of soluble phosphorus in the supernatant of the isolates was estimated by the ammonium vanadate-molybdate method. Of 60 bacteria tested, 15 (25.0%) solubilized tricalcium phosphate at 15.0 ºC. At temperatures of 15.0 ºC (15= 100%) and 25.0 ºC (15= 100%) all strains solubilized phosphate in solid culture medium, whereas at 30.0 ºC 13 strains (13= 87. 5%) and at 35.0ºC there was no growth of any isolate. The enzyme index for phosphate solubilization was measured by the ratio of the diameter of the halo divided by the diameter of the colony. The highest phosphate solubilization indexes at 15.0 ºC were from 1.75 mm to 3.02; at 25.0 °C from 1.84 mm to 2.76 mm and at 30.0 °C from 1.78 mm to 2.70 mm. The best bacteria at the three temperatures were 1B.LQ4; 4BLQ4; 4BLQ4* and 2BLQ1*, together with 7BLQ2 (randomly chosen) were selected for phosphorus quantification in liquid medium at 25.0 ºC ± 2.0 ºC. Strains 1BLQ4 and 4BLQ4 had an average of 605.18 mg/L and reduced the pH to 4.07, while 2BLQ1* solubilized 505.56 mg/L and final pH of 4.29 and 4BLQ4* with 494.05 mg /L and pH 4.17. These four isolated showed no significant difference in soluble P. The lowest mean of soluble P was from strain 7BLQ2 with 365.78 mg/L and pH from 7.0 to 4.33. Of the 15 phosphate solubilizers, 80% (13) grew in selective medium for nitrogen fixatives and the strains that showed the greatest growth were 2BLQ1* and 3BLQ5. Bacteria 1BLQ4 and 2BLQ1* were selected for testing under stress conditions. Both bacteria solubilized phosphate at the concentration of 0.5 M Nacl with averages of 421.81 mg/L and 432.77 mg/L, respectively. At the different pH tested (7, 8 and 9), the two strains continued with high levels of soluble P. When subjected to tests with different carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, lactose and starch), glucose was the most efficient for the solubilization mechanism of the two isolates. 2% glycerol was used; 5% and 10% to induce osmotic potential and both strains maintained high levels of soluble P in the 3 conditions tested. Assessing the maximum point of bacterial solubilization every 24 hours for 6 consecutive days, the best result for 1BLQ4 was with 96 h of incubation (606.45 mg/L) and for 2BLQ1 * it was with 120 h (565.41 mg/L) L). The results demonstrate that these strains are efficient in the solubilization mechanism of inorganic phosphate at different temperatures, alkaline conditions, osmotic effect and reasonable concentrations of salinity.

The genus Stylosanthes Sw. is highly diverse and polymorphic, many species are present in regions of low rainfall, grow in calcium-poor soils, are able to fix nitrogen in the soil, and are of great importance in the formation of pastures and also in the recovery of degraded areas. Despite its economic importance, the genus Stylosanthes still presents little genetic characterization and its taxonomy and systematic complexity makes the delimitation and identification of species difficult. Organellar genomes, such as those of chloroplast and mitochondria, can be very useful in resolving phylogenetic relationships in groups with complex systematics. Due to their uniparental, mainly maternal inheritance in angiosperms. The objective of this work was to obtain and analyze comparatively the complete Plastome and Mitogenome of two species of the genus Stylosanthes: S. seabrana, S. guianensis in order to increase the knowledge about the evolutionary relationships and genetic improvement of the genus. The genomes of each species were assembled using NOVOPlasty v. 3.8.3 software, using as reference the plastidial and mitochondrial genome of Stylosanthes hamata. After assembly, with the help of Geneious v. 9.1.8 software, the genomes were analyzed and compared. The circular plastidial genome for Stylosanthes seabrana showed a total size of 156,499 bp, and a total of 125 genes were identified. In turn, the plastidial genome of Stylosanthes guianensis showed a total size of 156,785 bp, being identified a total of 127 genes. The mitochondrial circular genomes obtained for the two species presented a length of 468,896 bp in S. guianensis, being identified 55 genes and in S.seabrana of 523,870 bp, being identified 57 genes. The plastid and mitochondrial genomes of the species of the genus Stylosanthes analyzed in this study proved to be highly conserved and can be used for further phylogenetic studies and contribute to the genetic improvement programs of these species.

The biospeckle technique has been used as a tool for analyzing the biological materials activity, monitoring moisture, activity level and presence of parasites, through of the material illumination by a low power laser source. As it is a non-destructive technique, the biospeckle is an advantageous tool in fast procedures and with great precision, especially in the biological systems analysis. Thus, the objective of this research was to identify and characterize the leaf morphophysiology of Tabebuia aurea (Mart.) species submitted to water restrictions and the application of a particle film using biospeckle technique. The experiment was conducted at the Plant Physiology (LABFIVE) and Biospeckle (LEB) Laboratories and in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca. The experimental design was in randomized blocks (DBC) with 4 treatments [irrigated + presence of film; irrigated + absence of film; non-irrigated + film presence; non-irrigated + no film] with 4 repetitions for each treatment. Tabebuia aurea (Mart.) seeds collected from matrix trees located on the Campus Arapiraca of the Federal University of Alagoas - UFAL, were germinated in polyethylene pots with a capacity of 3L in a greenhouse (with shading of ~ 50%) until establishment of the seedlings. After the growth and seedlings establishment, the plants were transferred in the early morning hours (between 5:30 and 6:00 a.m.) to the environment outside the greenhouse under full sun, and subjected to treatments. After the treatments imposition, the evaluations were carried out for a period of 30 days. In which, the morphological and biological activity analyzes in the leaves were started at time 0, 24 hours (one day), 48 hours (two days), 72 hours (three days), seven days, 15 days and 30 days. The collected data were submitted to statistical analysis and graph plotting using the R i386 statistical software. The variables plant height index (AP), stem diameter (mm), and number of leaves in Tabebuia aurea (Mart.) plants, as well as biological activity (MDI) and homogeneity responded significantly between treatments irrigation (with and without) in the presence or not of the particulate film.

Green manure consists in the cultivation of different plant species in the same area, in succession or simultaneously, with the main purpose of improving soil fertility. Thus, it is preferred that those that produce a greater volume of dry matter, are less subject to pests and diseases and that have relatively uniform and easy to sow seeds. The Fabaceae family plants are the most used in green manure, due to their high potential to carry out the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen through symbiosis with bacteria present in nodules located in plant roots, and their growing capacity to store biomass and nutrients, characterizing itself as one of the most suitable methods for use in agriculture. The aim of the present study was to evaluate biomass production, decomposition rates and nutrient release dynamics from the aboveground part of cover crops in the Agreste region, Alagoas, Brazil. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, in the experimental area of the Federal University of Alagoas - Campus Arapiraca, in randomized blocks, with four replications. The treatments consisted of cover crops: sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), Spectabilis (Crotalaria spectabilis), dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), lablab (Dolichos lablab), jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and black velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima). The decomposition and release of nutrients from the residues was monitored through periodic collections at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after the incorporation of litter bags in the soil containing 20 grams of dry mass. Biomass production, extraction and nutrient use efficiency, and the decomposition and release of nutrients from waste were evaluated. The studied variables show significant differences in relation to nutrient concentrations, C/N and C/P ratio in dry mass, yield, extraction and nutrient use efficiency by the aerial part of cover crops in full bloom. Decomposition rates and half-life times varied with the cover crop species, with jack bean being the species with the highest rates and half-life times.

The study of changes in the physical and chemical attributes of the soil allows establishing parameters capable of assessing soil quality. The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that the intensification of agriculture through the cultivation of sugarcane, corn and pasture alters physical and chemical properties of the soil, when compared to land use with native vegetation. Soil samples were collected in four areas (1 hectare each, with 12 sampling points) in three layers (0.0 – 0.10; 0.10 – 0.20; 0.20 – 0.30 m ) in the municipality of Anadia Lemon Tree (Alagoas State) and analyzed for acidity and CTC properties (pH, CTCpH7, base saturation, aluminum saturation, Al+H and Na), macronutrients (P, K, Ca and Mg) and attributes physical (soil texture, soil density, particle density, total porosity, soil mechanical resistance to penetration and aggregate stability). Data were analyzed using statistical programs.

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) can be grown under different edaphoclimatic conditions. This is due to its excellent ability to adapt to tropical conditions. It is considered one of the main subsistence crops for the Brazilian Northeast, with a high protein and energy content. As it is a culture with high socioeconomic value, it plays an important role in the capitalization of small farmers in this region. Cowpea is a legume with a great capacity to acquire nitrogen via biological nitrogen fixation (FBN) when in symbiosis with specific and effective bacteria. This process allows to increase the production of this legume and reduces the costs with nitrogen fertilizer. The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of cowpea grown with different sources of nitrogen and water availability. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in a tow-way factorial design with and without water stress and five N sources with each treatment repeated six time in random blocks. The nitrogen sources corresponded to the inoculation with three strains of Bradyrhizobium sp. (AD4, AD8 and AP17), mineral fertilizer (30 kg ha-1) and control (without inoculation and fertilization). Each isolate corresponded to a treatment and 1 mL of bacterial growth (10-9) was inoculated on the seed at the time of sowing. At 20 days after emergence (DAE) half of the experiment was subjected to water stress with total cut of irrigation for 10 days. After this period, the plants were irrigated for 5 days, and plants were collected at 35 DAE. The effects of the treatments were evaluated based on the variable nodules number (NN, nº plant-1), nodule dry weight (MSN), shoot dry weight (MSPA, g plant-1), leaf green intensity ( SPAD index), shoot N, P e K content. After ten days of water suspension, leaf gas exchange was evaluated by stomatal conductance (gs), liquid photosynthesis rate (A), transpiration (E), internal carbon concentration (Ci) and, even on this same date, chlorophyll a fluorescence was performed by the Fv / Fm ratio. There was no significant effect for NN and MNS. AD4 and AP17 sources promoted higher MSPA. The quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv / Fm) was not affected during the water restriction period. There was a reduction in gs stomatal conductance, liquid photosynthesis (A) and transpiration (E). There was no significant effect for P. AD4 provided greater accumulation of N and K in the scenario without water restriction.

The culture of sweet corn has high production potential and socioeconomic importance, since its grains have excellent sensory characteristics for industrial processing and even for consumption in natura. Despite the importance, technical information is still scarce, therefore, research aimed at a rational productive system, mainly regarding the use of slow release fertilizers , associated with plant growth promoting bacteria, can result in significant gains. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of slow-release fertilizer, in association with Azospirillum brasilense bacteria on the agro-industrial characteristics of sweet corn culture. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of Indústria Hada/Asa Branca, in the municipality of Arapiraca - AL, from June to September 2018. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks in a factorial scheme (5x2) + 2 additional, represented by five doses of slow-release fertilizer applied to the foundation, two conditions of inoculation with the bacterium (presence and absence), and two additional treatments (conventional fertilization in the presence and absence of inoculation with the bacterium), with four replications, totaling 48 plots. The agro-industrial assessments were: luminosity index, number of tillers, stem diameter, height of the cob insertion, plant height, weight of the cob stuffed before cooking, weight of the with straw cob before cooking and winthout straw, length of the cob winth straw and number of rows of cob, number of rows of on the cob, grain number per row, number of grain per cob, grain depth and grain width, grain weight, pH, ° Brix, Proctivity of with cobs straw and without straw per hectare; and grain productivity per hectare. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance of the F test (p <0.05) and the significant effects studied by means of regression analysis (fertilizer doses) and by the Tukey test (bacterial inoculation), at 5% probability, with the aid of the Agroestat statistical program. The inoculation of bacteria does not interfere with the yield of sweet corn grains. The dose of 160 kg ha-1 slow-release fertilizer provides greater productivity of ears and grains of the sweet corn culture

The  culture of  sweet  pepper  (Capsicum  annum L).  It  is  one  of  the  main  vegetables grown in Brazil, due to its economic return and for being appreciated in gastronomy, it has been gaining prominence in the northeast region of the country, being a great option for income in  commercial and family production.  Drip  irrigation is responsible for  the best  adaptation  of  the  crop,  since  the  water  resource  is  increasingly  scarce, leading  to  increased  production  and  efficiency  in  irrigation  management.  The objective was to evaluate the irrigation yield by pulsed drip in  peppers grown in  the field. The experiment was carried out in two seasons, a crop in the water period from May to July and another crop in the dry season from August to October 2019, in the experimental area of Grupo Irriga at the Arapiraca Campus of the Federal University of  Alagoas.  The  experimental  design  used  in  randomized  blocks  (DBC),  with  7 replications  and  5  plots  containing  7  plants  each.  The  treatments  consisted  of  5 irrigation pulses with an application interval of 60 minutes between each pulse: Pulse 1 (continuous pulse), Pulse 2, fractionation of the irrigation blade in two applications; Pulse 3, in three applications; Pulse 4, in four applications and Pulse 5, in five daily applications.  The  variables  analyzed  were  biometric: fruit  diameter  (FD),  fruit height (FH),  fruit  circumference  (FC),  fruit  volume  (FV),  fruit  wall  thickness  (FWT),  and productive  variables:  number  of  fruits  per  plant  (NFP),  fresh  fruit  weight  (FFW),  dry fruit  weight  (DFW),  water  content  in  the  fruit  (WCF),  pepper  productivity  (PP)  and water  use  efficiency  (WUE).  The  data  obtained  were  subjected  to  analysis  of variance  and  a  regression  was  generated  using  the  statistical  software  R®.  The analysis  of  the  biometric  and  productive  variables  of  the  pepper  showed  a  higher yield  during  the  rainy  season,  showing  the  importance  of  irrigation  during  rainy seasons.  The  irrigation  pulses  had  the  greatest  variations  in  the  dry  season,  with greater  magnitudes  in  the  2nd  harvest.  In  view  of  the  principal  component  analysis (PCA) applied to the two evaluation periods, it is recommended to split the irrigation only  for  the  dry  season.  During  the  rainy  season,  the  best  performance  of  the variables  when  analyzing  the  main  component  (PCA1,  PCA2  and  PCA3)  was obtained with the continuous pulse  (P1) and, in  general, with P5 during the drought period. The hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the variable fruit volume, in the two  harvests  and  in  the  two  growing  seasons,  stood  out  from  the  other  variables analyzed.

Humin, a residue from the extraction of organic matter from soils with a strong base, has been shown  to  be  interesting  and  promising  as  an  adsorbent  of  environmental  interest,  due  to  its high  surface  area  and  porosity,  in  addition  to  the  diversity  of  functional  groups.  In  this context, the objective of this work was to develop a material from the humin fraction enriched with essential nutrients to plants (Ca2+ and Mg2+), and to evaluate its application in agricultural sectors  (lettuce  culture)  in  two  different  types  of  soil.  The  material  was  produced  from  the extraction  of  the  humin  fraction,  from  a  soil  rich  in  organic  matter  located  near  the  Pratagi River  located  in  Maceió,  AL.  Characterizations  were  carried  out  in  order  to  obtain information  on  its  structure  using  the  organic  matter  content,  atomic  ratios,  E4/E6  ratio  and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy - FTIR. The adsorption efficiency was determined for the  preparation  of  the  multi-element  solution  of  Ca2+  and  Mg2+  (10  mg  L-1)  at  pH  8.0.  The adsorbent  was  filtered  through  polystyrene  filters,  air  dried  and  weighed,  according  to  the amount  defined  for  application  in  the  lettuce  culture.  The  experiment  was  carried  out  in  a protected environment, cultivated in two types of soil (sandy and clayey) at UFAL – Campus Arapiraca.  The  adopted  design,  for  both  soils  used,  was  in  randomized  blocks  (DBC),  with four replications, in a 4x4 factorial scheme, with 16 treatments and 64 experimental units. The treatments were represented by: four levels of humine enriched with Ca2+  and Mg2+ (H0 = 0.0; H2 = 2.0; H4 = 4.0 and H6 = 6.0 g) and four water slides (L1 = 50 ; L2 = 75; L3 = 100 and L4 = 125%, of the culture evapotranspiration). Twelve variables were analyzed: chlorophyll index, crown  diameter,  plant  height,  fresh  shoot  weight,  dry  shoot  weight,  number  of  leaves,  leaf area, fresh root weight, dry root weight, root size, leaf water content and water use efficiency. The data were subjected to regression analysis and multivariate analysis with the following set of methods: principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis in a dendrogram, using the statistical software R. In the characterization of the humine sample, it was found a content of MO = 8.60, C/H ratio = 0.185 and E4 /E6 = 1.26. According to the FTIR spectrum, bands characteristic of OH, C = C and Si-O stretches were observed for the humine sample and its respective ash. Humine showed a higher adsorption rate (78.92% and 55% for Ca2+ and Mg2+, respectively) at pH 8.0 after 120 minutes of stirring. Regarding the variables submitted to the analysis  of  variance,  for  the  sandy  soil,  only  the  plant  height  and  root  size  did  not  have  a significant  effect.  For  clayey  soil,  all  variables  were  significant.  The  amount  of  variation retained by each main component measured by the first eigenvalue and the first proportion of variance  for  the  values  in  sandy  soil  had  standard  deviations  equal  to  0.44  and  3.69,  with  a higher value on the blade in L1 and less in L3 . In clayey soils, the standard deviation values were  0.43  (eigenvalue)  and  3.62  (proportion  of  variance),  with  L2  the  largest  and  L3  the smallest. In the dendrogram, for both soils, the variables and interactions between the factors were organized into four groups of similarities. In the sandy soil, it can be seen that there was a separation between two main groups: 50 and 125% sheets (L1 and L4) forming a group and 75 and 100% sheets (L2 and L3) forming another. As for the clayey soil, all levels of humine in the L1 blade remained in the same group, thus indicating greater similarities, which was not observed  for  the  other  interactions.  The  results  obtained  show  the  influence  of  the  nutrients adsorbed in the humine and the water layers in the lettuce culture, above all in its variables of commercial interest.

The accumulation of pollutants in aquatic systems is a recurring problem of
population growth and inadequate waste management. Substances capable of
interacting with antimicrobials affecting their disposition in the environment is of great
environmental interest. Humine has the ability to complex metals and adsorb
contaminants. In this context, the work sought to evaluate the complexing capacity
between humines and sulfonamides. The humine sample A (HA) was collected in an
agricultural area with crop rotation in the municipality of Arapiraca-AL, while the
humine sample M (HM) was collected from a non-agricultural area near the Pratagi
River in the municipality of Maceió-AL. The humine samples were characterized by
different analytical techniques seeking to evaluate their characteristics. For the
complexation, a tangential flow ultrafiltration system equipped with a 1 kDa cellulose
membrane was used, in order to separate the free sulfanilamide from the fraction
bound to the humine. Quantification of sulfanilamide was performed using HPLC-UV.
The complexing capacities of the humines were around 11.11 mg g -1 for HA and
117.0 mg g -1 for HM. According to the data analyzed, the values presented show that
HM showed an affinity 10 times higher than HA. This behavior can be explained
according to its characterizations, because HM has an organic matter content higher
than HA. The results indicate that Humine can directly influence the adsorption of
contaminants present in aquatic systems, and can be used as a chelating resin in the
complexation of these pollutants.

The service provided by pollinators in agriculture is essential, especially for fruit species.
Hancornia speciosa (mangabeira) is a species with great economic potential, however it is
still exploited in an extractive manner and has a deficient natural pollination, due to a low
presence of pollinators, mainly insects of the Sphingidae family. Studies aimed at
understanding the functions of floral aromas of plant species that use this family as pollinators
are essential. In this way it will be possible to establish strategies for the rational cultivation
of mangabeira outside its natural habitat. Thus, the present work aimed to identify the volatile
organic compounds of the flowers of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa GOMES) and
Jasmine-mango (Plumeria spp.), species pollinated by sphindid insects. The volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) emitted by the flowers of the mangaba and jasmine-mango plants were
collected directly from the plant through the dynamic headspace system, using Porapak Q
adsorbent (80/100 mesh, 0.05 g; Supelco). Air was injected into the plastic bag before passing
through an activated carbon filter at a flow rate of 400 mL / min. and tubes with Porapak Q
were used at the top of the bag and the air was collected at a flow rate of 350 mL / min. for
each flower. The collection was carried out with a duration of twelve hours starting at 17h00,
since this time was marked by the release of a strong sweetish odor, which remains until the
following day. Previously, the glass tubes were washed with hexane and heated in
greenhouses at 100 ° C for 60 min, for the "activation" of the adsorbent. At the end of the
aerations, the desorption of the volatiles in the Porapak Q was carried out by passing 500 μL
hexane grade HPLC and stored in “vials”. The identification of the compounds was done by
means of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Were identified 64 volatile
organic compounds in the floral odor of the species studied, of these, there was similarity of
10 compounds between the two plant species, showing that they are likely responsible for
attracting pollinators, with emphasis on linalool. Despite having been detected only in
mangabeira, compounds such as  -farnesene,  -karyophylene and methyl salicylate have a
chance of having action on pollinators, playing an important role in the attractiveness of
insects.

The resistance of a soil to the breakdown and transport of particles is defined as soil erodibility, which is the factor responsible for the susceptibility of the soil to water erosion, being conditioned by mineralogical, chemical, morphological, physical and biological attributes. Its determination is a complex factor and depends on the interaction of multiple attributes, to describe the behavior of the soil in the face of the erosion process. In view of this, empirical, conceptual and mathematical models were developed. This study aims at the indirect and direct determination of the erodibility of the Oxisols, in the Red, Yellow and Red-Yellow sub-regions of the State of Alagoas. The soils were identified through the modal profile in ZAAL (Agroecological Zoning ofthe State of Alagoas) and through classification surveys of companies in the sugar and alcohol sector that have identified areas of occurrence. They were subjected to chemical, physical, aggregate stability and erodibility determination by direct method, using simulated rain and indirect methods using mathematical models. Hydraulic characteristics of the flow during the tests were also studied. All the soils sampled were explored with crops, from farms with medium level of technology, such as thosecultivated with sugar cane, to those with low technologies such as those explored with subsistence crops, mainly those located in the Agreste region. The soil erodibility factor in offshoots (Ki) showed values that varied from 6.01 x 10-6Kg s m-4for the Yellow Latosol, municipality of Rio Largo and a higher value of 16.65 x 10-6Kg s m -4for the Red-Yellow Latosol in the municipality of Coruripe. This variation was also quite significant within the suborder, with the most homogeneous values being observed in the suborder of Red Oxisols. With the study, it was possible to conclude that for the soil erodibility factor for the Oxisols studied in the State of Alagoas, it is recommended to use the simulated rain methodology, in field or laboratory conditions through WEPP