Homicidal violence in Brazil is a central theme in the country's political and social scenario. From the beginning of the 21st century, the gravitational center moved from the southeast region to the north region and mainly to the Brazilian northeast. Within this context, the state of Alagoas stood out for several years in a row, occupying the top of the rankings regarding homicide rates. However, although the current scenario has undergone a significant change, where levels of homicidal violence, even though still high, no longer place the state among the most dangerous in the region, another statistic comes to light and draws attention. The probability of a black person being a victim of homicide in the state of Alagoas is many times greater than the chance of a not black person being a victim of the same crime. This condition, in which the state has occupied the top position among all units of the federation for several years, raises a series of questions. Thus, this master's thesis sought to understand, in the light of geography, the socio-territorial processes that led to this currently observed condition. Through the analysis of the preponderant factors of homicidal violence on national and in a state scale, in line with the understanding of the socio-spatial formation of the state, it was possible to understand that racial disparities are reflections of a socioterritorially fragile state, reverb of a long cycle of dependence on large estates and monoculture, which in turn ended up bequeathing socio-spatial exclusion to the black portion of the population, the root of homicidal violence.

Over the centuries, traditional people and communities have developed a diversity of knowledge through coexistence with nature, this process has resulted in a collection of knowledge, practices and beliefs that have been transmitted between generations. It is from this scenario that they constituted unique ways of life, in which natural resources are fundamental for their sociocultural reproduction. The process of introducing capitalist agriculture in the countryside caused several impacts on this way of life, including “cultural memorialicide”, which resulted in the disappearance of several cultural manifestations. However, these people developed resistance strategies to ensure their cultural permanence. In view of this, the present work aims to understand in the light of Geography how traditional crafts are an element of sociocultural reproduction in the Serra das Viúvas Quilombola Territory, in Água Branca, Sertão Alagoas, through preservation of the community's Biocultural Heritage. To carry out the research, the Historical-Dialetic Materialism method was used, providing an investigation of reality, understanding the contradictions relating to the historical process of society. Thus, this research was developed using a qualitative-quantitative approach, with a bibliographic survey and data collection in the field, through semi-structured interviews with community representatives. The crafts produced in the Serra das Viúvas Quilombola territory are an element of memory and identity of the community, in addition to being an economic alternative, in terms of extra income for artisan families. Such craftsmanship, the result of the raw material of Ouricuri straw (Syagrus coronata), banana tree (Musa), corn (Zea mays) and Cipó (Serjania glabrata Kunth), is based on a biocultural heritage, as, in addition to being an intangible cultural component due to the knowledge and traditions linked to such practice, it is also the result of the removal of raw material from the biodiversity of its community, thus linked to both the cultural and biological aspects of traditional peoples and communities. In this aspect, we found that the reproduction and protection of Biocultural Heritage in the Serra das Viúvas community occurs mainly through women artisans, organized by the community association, who contribute to the maintenance of the traditional knowledge of their people, valuing beliefs and practices of these populations, in this sense , the protection of this culture culminates in the expression of its identity, as well as highlighting how the recognition of this craft has the value of legitimizing its culture, in addition to being an alternative source of income for the community.

The geographic context of Covid-19, an acute respiratory infection disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-COV-2, was analyzed based on the territory and health of the municipality of Santana do Mundaú located in the state of Alagoas/Brazil. The methodology consisted of carrying out mappings, photographic records and applying forms to municipal public servants in the health area, with the aim of understanding the impacts of transmissibility in the municipality. The contagion of Covid-19 can be explained by the organization of the population in the territory and the spatial distance between households in urban and rural areas. However, the effects of globalization have made it possible to understand the rapid process of disease transmission in different territories around the world. Thus, the pandemic placed everyone under the same risk roof and consequently led to global action (technical and scientific), as both the number of fatal victims of covid-19, and the discovery of the vaccine, show how countries and their states connect to the world system. In Brazil, the Unified Health System (SUS) was not prepared to support the number of cases, therefore, the Covid-19 pandemic, due to the possibilities of globalization, was present in the location (municipality) in two ways, through the contagion of virus and the use of the immunizer.

The environmental analysis of the Riacho Talhada river basin in the Sertão de Alagoas
seeks to understand the main environmental impacts that affect this region. Some authors,
such as Oliveira et al. (2012), express that “the main environmental vulnerabilities of the
Brazilian semi-arid region are erosion, the desertification process, the inadequate
occupation of natural areas, the loss of biological diversity, and the scarcity of water”. To
carry out the environmental analysis of the basin hydrographic, several studies and
research were used that address the topic. Data were collected on deforestation, pollution,
land use and other variables relevant to understanding the current state of the river basin,
following the methodology of Crepani et al. (2001). Studies indicate that the river basin
faces serious environmental problems, inadequate land use, associated with the lack of
environmental preservation policies, which contributes to the process of degradation of
the river basin. The analysis carried out shows that the river basin Riacho Talhada-AL
presents significant challenges in relation to environmental conservation. It is essential
that protection and recovery measures are implemented, such as the establishment of
permanent preservation areas, the regularization of land use and the development of
sustainable management policies for natural resources. 

School Geography focuses on the prerogatives that involve the student's daily life, aiming to enhance the teaching-learning process through strategies that enable meaningful learning. That said, when seeking to carry out a project entitled "Projeto Lagoa Jequiá: navigating its stories” at the Municipal School José Cursino dos Santos, located in the municipality of Jequia da Praia/AL, with a view to a Conservation Unit-UC in its surroundings, namely: Marine Extractive Reserve of Lagoa do Jequiá/AL, it is essential to understand the aspects of the community in which the school is inserted, for this reason, we consider the studies on the referred UC, starting from the need to work in the classes of Geography, in order for students to understand the implications of the relationships between society in general and the UC in the context. From this perspective, this research has the general objective of analyzing the social, economic and environmental aspects of the Marine Extractive Reserve of Lagoa do Jequiá /AL and its possibilities for Teaching Geography The theoretical framework of this research focuses on the geographic category Territory (Raffestin, 1993; Santos, 1999, 2000), on the concept of Territoriality (Saquet, 2008; Haesbaert, 2007), Lugar (Relph, 1979; Tuan, 1983; Cavalcanti 1998; Callai, 2005; Copatti, 2020). In addition to these, another geographic category is analyzed that is intimately articulated with the place: the landscape, the same being observed from the perspective of authors such as Cavalcanti (1998); Giometti et al. (2012); Saints (2014); Callai (2017) and Gomes and Carloto (2021). And finally, the Teaching of Geography in dialogue with authors such as Castellar, (2005) ; Callai (2005, 2015; Cavalcanti (2015). Furthermore, discussions about Extractive Reserves and Traditional Communities also permeate (Chamy, 2002; Cunha, 2001; Diegues, 1996). This research is anchored in the methodology of participatory-action-research. (Thiollent, 1986; Franco, 2018; Kemmis and Wilkison, 2008) The relevance of this study is manifested in the need to discuss the potential of the Marine Extractive Reserve of Lagoa do Jequiá/AL for the local community and the management of the Territory. context, it is urgent to discuss this geographic category within the scope of School Geography starting from the daily life of these students immersed in this rich environmental ecosystem, so that they understand and appropriate the necessary knowledge to act in favor of the conservation of the RESEX of Jequiá/AL and the sustainability of their traditional communities.

The precariousness of work is one of the pillars of survival of the capitalist mode of
production. With each new restructuring of this economic system, the mechanisms of labor
exploitationare improved, resulting in flexibility, outsourcing, underemployment, temporary
work and scrapping, as well as direct attacks on legislation that aims to protect labor. This
attack on the dignity of the worker is based on the dictates of a neoliberalism that has called
into question the sovereignty of countries like Brazil. One of the results of this action
materializes in the expanding structural unemployment throughout the national territory,
above all, in the expansion of the lower circuit of the urban economy of Brazilian cities.
Based on this perspective, we sought to analyze the process of precarious work of stallholders
and delivery men who work in the subcenter of the Jacintinho neighborhood, located in
Maceió-AL.Although these activities are antagonistic, they directly or indirectly suffer the
effects of movements that are aimed at making labor rights more flexible; this fact can be
proven in the recent Brazilian Labor Reform supported by Law 13,429 of 2017. Delivery
people linked to digital platforms that operate in the subcenter of the Jacintinho neighborhood
face the results of this process of scrapping Brazilian labor, as they do not have any
guaranteed labor rights by the Consolidation of Labor Laws–CLT, although they perform
activities verysimilar or identical to the work models protected by this law. Platform
capitalism not only printed new work mechanisms, but also circumvented legal systems with
the idea ofproviding occupations for the great mass of the unemployed, creating an intense
process of exploitation and alienation of these workers. In relation to the stallholders who
work in the mentioned subcenter, they go through a significant process of precariousness of
their work that materializes from the occupation and use of the territory to the movement of
persecutions and constant threats by public agencies, in this way, delegitimizing not only the
use of the territory, but also the importance of this activity for the development of the popular
economythatdevelopsintheneighborhood.Themethodologyusedwasbasedon
bibliographic surveys, thus seeking a deeper understanding of the subject of study, ranging
from classic to current works; specific field work in the Jacintinho neighborhood subcenter,
which made it possible to recognize the place, as well as the agents who work there;
application of questionnaires and interviews to couriers and marketers; the analytical method
used was historical-dialectical materialism.

Present throughout the country, the capoeira circle and the craft of mestres are also distributed
throughout the State of Alagoas. The trajectory of capoeira is made up of several complex
historicalevents,whicharebeinginvestigatedbyresearchersfromdifferentareasof
knowledge. However, its history in Alagoas territory is not completely told, that is, there is
still a great lack of more in-depth studies on the subject in Alagoas. Therefore, themain
objective of this dissertation is to analyze and relate the urbanspatial production of Maceió
from the appropriation of public spaces in the city by the practice of capoeira and its
importance in affirming citizenship. Specifically, it wasintended to: understand the aspects
that constituted the history of capoeira andhighlight its trajectory in Maceió, carry out a
mapping of the capoeira groups active in the capital of Alagoas, carry outa bibliographical
survey about the discussions around the production ofspace in geographical thought and
citizenship,anddialoguewiththemastersabouttherelationshipestablishedbetween
capoeira, production of geographic space and the practice of citizenship. Such questions
articulate this investigation, whichis basedon a qualitativemethodological approach, with a
theoreticalfoundation in historical and dialectical materialism, having as methodological
procedures,thebibliographicalsurvey,conductinginterviews,photographicrecords,
elaborationof tables,and analysis of the research findings . The relevance of this study is to
contribute to the understanding of how capoeira, as an element of spatial production, has
historically been organizedin the capital of Alagoas, with an emphasis on valuing its social
practices within the scope of the formation and consolidation of citizen spatial awareness.

Tourism is a complex contemporary phenomenon capable of generating various
developments in the geographical space. As an important sector of the globalized
economy, tourism is seen as a vector of development. Recently, the municipality of
Jequiá da Praia (AL), part of the Lagoas e Mares do Sul tourist region, elaborated and
approved its first Municipal Tourism Plan (2022-2023), with the intention of promoting
tourism as an economic activity with potential for its development. This municipality
does no differ socially and economically from other municipalities in Alagoas, which,
faced with a not very dynamic economy and low socioeconomic indicators, seek
alternatives to increase their revenue, generate more jobs and income, improve the
quality of life of their population and, therefore, develop socially and economically. In
this scenario, it is necessary to think of tourism as an economic and social activity that
can take advantage of the characteristics of the territory as tourist potentialities in order
to contribute to local development and improve the quality of life of the Jequiá da Praia
population. In this sense, this study aims to analyze the development of tourism activity
in the municipality of Jequiá da Praia (AL), as a field of possibility of local development.
It is exploratory research with a qualitative approach. As for the technical procedures,
bibliographic and documental research, direct and participant observation,
photographic records, and semi-structured interviews conducted through field
research were used.

The environmental theme is gaining more and more space today due to the urgency
to detect and update methodologies that assist in the prevention, combat and recovery
of areas subject to environmental protection. The present study aims to contribute to
the environmental axis in order to bring the possibility of occurrence of environmental
conflicts in conservation units, in this case, the Environmental Protection Area of
Catolé and Fernão Velho, located in the municipalities of Maceió, Rio Largo, Coqueiro
Seco, Santa Luzia do Norte and Satuba. Due to its abundance in water resources, the
conservation unit is responsible for holding about 20% of the water supply of the upper
part of Maceió, in addition to having scenic beauty, fauna and flora that fit the need for
protection. The conservation unit has socio-environmental problems such as: erosion,
flood risk, real estate pressure, disordered urban growth, high index of social
vulnerability, irregular disposal of garbage and burning in hillside areas. Thus, using
geoprocessing techniques, environmental assessments were carried out for two
selected categories, these being "urban expansion" and "flood risk" correlating with the
unit's management plan, which classifies the area by environmental zones. Weights
and scores (0-10) and nominal classifications (Very Low-High) were assigned to define
the potential and possible conflicts within the APA. The conflict found refers to the
potential for urban expansion within an area classified as an environmental
protection/wildlife protection zone, where there is the occurrence of impacting
anthropic activities within the zone, thus conflicting with the restrictions set out in the
APA management plan. As well as the medium risk of flooding in urban areas, adding
a risk to the population especially in rainy periods since, being urbanized, there is no
infiltration of rain into the soil, risk of overflow of watercourses and irregular operation
of storm water galleries, due to irregular disposal of garbage. With the results
presented, there is an urgent need to protect these areas so that environmental
legislation is complied with and the areas are properly protected. It is emphasized that
this study aims to contribute to the environmental and management agencies
responsible for the unit.

Recent studies have been pointing out that ongoing climate changes may result in a reduction in rainfall and an increase in droughts in the Brazilian Northeast, thus aggravating the situation of water vulnerability, especially in areas that already present a certain degree of susceptibility, as is the case of the Region of Lower San Francisco (RBS). Aiming to contribute to facing these questions, the main objective of this work was to characterize the variability and significant trends of rainfall and flows in the physiographic region of the Lower São Francisco. To analyze rainfall variability and trends, a series of monthly rainfall data from 1980 to 2013 was used, whose data were extracted from 39 points of the RBS, from the database of Xavier et al. (2016). To analyze the variability and fluvial trends of the lower course of the São Francisco River, monthly data obtained from the ANA (National Water Agency) database referring to the period from 1982 to 2020 were used, extracted from three points (Piranhas/AL , Pão de Açúcar/AL and Propriá/SE). Descriptive statistics were calculated and the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was applied to identify trends in rainfall and discharges. The adopted statistical significance was 10, 5 and/or 1%. The results of the analysis of rainfall variability showed that the region has higher amounts of precipitation from April to July, and lower from September to December. For annual precipitation, accumulations ranging from 522 mm to 1241 mm were identified to the west and southeast of the RBS, respectively. The analysis of standard years showed precipitation amounts ranging from 230 mm to 1,100 mm in the dry year (1993), 230 mm to 1,390 mm in the usual year (1984) and from 520 mm to 1,982 mm in the rainy year (1989). In turn, the application of the Mann-Kendall test showed trends of increased precipitation in the two temporal scales analyzed. On the annual scale, an increase in the order of 5.4 to 11.2 mm per year was observed in 28% of the points, which are located in parts of the western, central, eastern and southeastern portions of the RBS. On a seasonal scale, the winter season showed significant trends of increased precipitation of the order of 3.2 to 5.2 mm in 18% of the stations analyzed, which are located in parts of the western, central and eastern portions of the RBS. The analysis of average monthly flows showed that the highest flows occur from January to April, with a variation between 2,040 and 2,470 m³/s, and the lowest occur from June to August, with a variation between 1,520 and 1,727 m³/s. Average monthly flows showed significant negative trends, with higher reductions between January and April. The average annual flows also showed a downward trend, with amounts varying between -35.84 m³/s and -42.53 m³/s. Finally, it was found that the flow regime has been strongly affected by flow regulation, which has culminated in the reduction of flood and drought periods and has also led to more severe reductions, as observed between 2013 and 2019, when the outflows to Sobradinho were continually lowered, leading to a series of socio-environmental impacts on the RBS.

Studies that observe the prison population have grown in several areas of knowledge,
including the geographical field. The proposal of this geographical contribution starts
from the understanding of this prison space, its agents and the relationships that
involve the spatial practices. This implies that while this space previously conferred
only a punitive and disciplinary value, in the present reconfiguring itself spatially and
acquiring a new meaning in line with what the global capitalist system expects in terms
of appropriation of people’s spaces and times and their labor force. Thus, the objective
of this research is to understand how the development of the "Hope Factory Program"
in the Alagoas becomes the geographical place of the prison spatial reconfiguration by
the labor practice developed through the re-educated agents and their perspective of
resocialization. The methodological design is characterized as exploratory-descriptive
research developed with qualitative Based on secondary sources and primaries in the
search for understanding, education and prison work remain as main variables in
spatial reconfiguration, whose antecedent was the field research in the period of
graduation. The geographical coverage of the analysis is delimited in practice that
operates in greater evidence in the prison unit Núcleo Ressocializador da Capital that
is part of the Penitentiary Complex of Maceio and governed exclusively through the
Hope Factory Program. The research points to the spatial reconfiguration that occurs
through the Program through educational labor practice, considering since the
perception of the place, which involves receiving the individual benefit and what it
causes in the collective imaginary of the prison population, as a real possibility, once
merely punitive, which changes to a space that in everyday practice generates
contributions to the resocialization of prisoners. However, it is considered relevant to
discuss the discourses about the positive results of casualties in the records of
escapes, rebellions and criminal recidivism rates in relation to the national average,
because even with these results, the Program only includes a very selective prison
population. Thus, the research points out the need to deepen in a broader evaluation
of what this model means as an instrument and the possible governmental failures to
subsidize the human right to a vocational education in a partial way and that does not
include the prison population of the state as a whole and that would not be
representative as an indicator of reduction of recidivism of reeducandos in local crime.

Lêdo Ivo was a devotee of landscape, especially that of your homeland, Maceió, for whom
he harbored a sense of rootedness, something that he made a point of making explicit in
his literature. The capital of Alagoas was frequently present in the poetic daydreams of the
writer, where he remembered the images of childhood and adolescence, period in which he
lived in the city that had emerged from the maceiós, full of names of water. This process
of reencountering an affective geography meant that his work was marked by an
expressive knowledge of the landscape of his birthplace, a knowledge that is the result of
one's own experience in the ecumene. Thus, this dissertation analyzes the landscape of
the city of Maceió in prose with a long narrative by Lêdo Ivo, especially Ninho de cobras
and Confissões de um poeta, contemplating a vivid mosaic of colors, gestures, smells,
sounds and metaphors that convey the personality of the city in the first half of the 20th
century. Following the principles of a cultural humanistic geography, strand of space
science that recognizes the knowledge of discourses and the arts as holders of a
geographical material laden with significant, The Maceio’s landscape of the Ledian pages
was hermeneutically appreciated not only as a representation of the real, but as a
constructed territory and a space of sensitive experiences. Therefore, the landscape, the
city and the novel can be read and, in this sense, the work of Lêdo Ivo is like a guided
tour through the streets of Maceió, describing the daily life, the polysensory experiences
and the social tensions that are striking in the city. Thus, he, who coined famous epithets
for his land such as “peninsular city”, in addition to contributing to the rhetoric of the
Maceio landscape, bequeathed to generations an inventory of the forms built by a people
and a testimony of the lived space, creating a collection of characters that represent the
society of Maceió well, with its multiple ways of being and being in this landscape, which is
somber at times, but which is nonetheless poetic.

The aim of this work was to analyze the environmental effects of sediments dredged from the Port of Maceió in 2018, as well as to project the future port demand after the dredging activities. The environmental monitoring process was carried out in three sampling campaigns (before, during and after the dredging activities), corresponding to the months of March, May and August 2018, respectively. In the three sampling campaigns, water was collected from the surface and bottom strata of the dredging areas (Port evolution basin) and for the disposal of the dredged sediments. In the field, in situ data were obtained for the parameters turbidity, dissolved oxygen, percentage of oxygenation, temperature, electrical conductivity and salinity and water transparency. In the laboratory, the collected samples were filtered to determine the suspended particulate matter and the nitrogen and phosphate series. At the end of the activities, the multiparametric data were tabulated and then compared to the acceptability values set by CONAMA Resolution No. 357 of 2005 and No. 454 of 2012 for Class 1 saline water. The concentration of suspended particulate matter in the sampling campaigns found a dynamic behavior between the strata prior, during and after the dredging works, showing ascending values in the evolution basin of the Port, in the aforementioned sampling order, while in the disposal area the values of the campaign from pre-dredging to dredging showed an ascending pattern and later descending for the post-dredging. Before the dredging works, a trend predominance of the nitrogen and phosphate series between the strata was not verified, due to the fact that the dredger is not yet in operation. In the dredging campaign, the nitrogen and phosphate series on the surface and the highest values were predominant, while in August there was a predominance of the nitrogen and phosphate series at the bottom with a significant decrease in concentrations. With the exception of the phosphate series in the three sampling campaigns and the dissolved oxygen and % saturation rates, in the dredging period, the other parameters analyzed were in accordance with the acceptability standard, both in the port's evolution basin and in the area of discard. The future scenario of post-dredging port demand until the year 2060 projects that there is an expectation of an increase in exported and imported volumes, with emphasis on derivatives of fuel liquid bulk, vegetable solid bulk and mineral solid bulk. In addition, there is perspective for new loads, which include copper slag, sulfuric acid, petroleum coke, eucalyptus and wood chips and containerized products. Regarding the docking of cruise ships, the projection is 11 attractions per year, in the trend scenario.

The springs in the semiarid region, in addition to their environmental characteristics and qualities, have socio-environmental actions that operate directly in changing the conservation status of the springs. The study area is located in the municipality of Olho D'Água do Casado, in the Mesoregion of Alagoas and in the Alagoas microregion of the Sertão do São Francisco, the springs are inserted in these circumstances, where the low level of water related to the environmental situation of the place and the anthropic actions have been causing problems of environmental degradation. Faced with these questions, the general objective of the research was to carry out a study aiming at an analysis of the state of conservation of the springs. The method that conducted the study was the experimental one, with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Bibliographic and documentary studies were carried out, water collections were carried out for analysis of the physical parameters: Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L), Electrical Conductivity (µS/cm), Turbidity (NTU) and Temperature (°C), chemicals: Hydrogen Potential (pH ), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L), Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L), Total Phosphorus (mg/L), Total Nitrogen (mg/L) and biological: Thermotolerant Coliforms (NMT) in the laboratory, with collection in the December 2020 referring to the dry season and the month of May 2021 referring to the rainy season. Sediments were also collected for sedimentological analysis in October 2020, the identification of water courses and the mapping of the springs, geological maps and land use and occupation maps were prepared, characterization regarding the continuity and the development of an educational booklet , aimed at improving the relationship between society and nature and the presentation of the activities carried out by the project in the period 2018/2021. The results showed that the analyzed springs presented perenniality during the researched years, in accordance with the physical, chemical and biological parameters through the seasonality of the dry and rainy seasons. Some samples showed values above the reference limit established by government agencies. The analyzes found a strong presence of Thermotolerant Coliforms, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Total Phosphorus, Total Nitrogen, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids and Turbidity, due to a greater contamination by domestic sewage and accumulation of sediments in the urban area and a greater amount of organic material in the rural area in the rainy season. The pH in the two collections was shown to be low with a very accentuated water acidity. Dissolved Oxygen was the only one that was within the established values, since the Temperature fluctuated in both seasonal regimes. An intense human presence is evident in the place, increasing the use and occupation in Permanent Protection Areas (APP), presenting a very worrying degradation. The sedimentological data at the Fonte da Matinha (NU1) and Pau-ferro (NR6) springs indicated a predominance of the sand fraction, with a strong presence of quartz. It appears that the methodology used in this research is effective in the study of conservation of the six springs studied, three in urban environments and three in rural areas, the urban ones are unsuitable for human and animal consumption, while those in the rural area unsuitable for human use, showing that the most degraded springs were NU1 and NR6.

The drainage dividers are important limits of organization for landscapes; the dynamics belonging to these elements have an intrinsic relationship with the drainage headwaters and their advance over the dividers. These dynamics are associated with several variables, such as the distribution of rocky substrates of different strengths and the climatic variations, they are important elements for understanding the dynamics belonging to the objects of study of this work. Thus, this work aims at a morphometric analysis on a geomorphological basis, the drainage divisor, located between two hydrographic basins located in the states of Alagoas and Pernambuco (Moxotó and Capiá River basins), as well as the drainage headwaters that connect with the divisor. For this, a series of parameters and indexes of quantitative nature were applied either to the divider, or to the drainage headwaters, in order to enable the morphometric analysis. This began with the drainage network hierarchization according to Strahler (1952), serving to delimit the 2nd order basin areas. Using the Topotoolbox function set and the Topographic analysis kit in the Matlab environment, other indexes directly applied to the drainage network were calculated, such as the χ and Ksn value indexes; the analysis of the drainage basins also included the elaboration of hypsometric curves and the application of the drainage basin asymmetry factor. The structural analysis was done by extracting the relief lineaments for the analyzed area for four illumination angles (45°, 90°, 315° and 360°) in order to characterize the direction of the main structures acting in the relief organization, in order to influence the dynamics belonging to the headwater-divider relations. Finally, the divider asymmetry index (DAI), and its preferential migration direction were calculated. In this way it was possible to establish relationships between the dynamics of migration and headland advance with the main structures operating in the area.

The Immediate Geographical Region of Delmiro Gouveia has experienced as
agricultural reconfiguration in its composition. Starting fron the perspective that the
genesis of agricultural training took place through rudimentary work, and subsistence
agriculture, tying to this a strong cowboy culture (CARVALHO, 2016), the Alto
Sertão Alagoano, for many wears, experienced a production culture based on maize,
beans, cassava and cotton (LIMA, 1965). We emphasize that the region under study
is part of the Alagoas semi-arid region, a semi-arid region that has historically
undergone studies, seekinh the best adaptation and coexistence of the population that
inhabits it. In this way, the region of Alagoas in this way, with the Canal do Sertão, a
great water work that was work was carried out in this region. The great water work,
coupled with the modernization of agriculture, has stimulated and generated a form 

of production based on the technologies that the Green Revolution brought to the
countryside. The peasants who border the Sertão Channel began to have water
availability for their productions, and experimented with new crops of agricultural
production, not seen before in the region. In this way, we sought to reflect on how a
new agricultural configuration is organized and to elucidate a new regional
agricultural dynamics in the Immediate Geographical Region of Delmiro Gouveia,
specifically with the municipakites os Água Branca, Delmiro Gouveia and Pariconha.

The remaining quilombo communities represent the

personification of the struggles of these
people for freedom. They are the legacy of the marginalization
and subjugation to which the
Afro and Afro-descendant populations were subjected during
several centuries of exploitation.
As a result of a process of exploitation and resistance of this
category, there is a considerable
number of communities descending from quilombos - previously
called rural black
communities (more in the Midwest, South, and Southeast) and
black lands (more in the North
and Northeast) - spread over the five regions that make up the
Brazilian territory: 3,475
identified and 2,819 certified by the Palmares Cultural
Foundation (FCP, 2021). The present
dissertation consists of a study on the territorial metamorphoses
of the Quilombola Community
of Escorrego, formerly called Macacos, located in the
municipality of Bom Conselho, in the
Southern Agreste of Pernambuco, taking as its time scale the
first decades of the 21st century 

(2000 to 2021). For its realization, we rely on the category used
territory, developed by
Gottmann (2012) and Santos (2005, 2009, 2011), and its
understanding as a shelter territory.
That is, marked by historical ties and traditions of those who
inhabit it, resisting and coexisting
with activities and practices characteristic of the current period.
And, therefore, its
understanding as a banal space, that is, a space for everyone.
Therefore, conceived as a resource
for some, as well as a shelter (in the case of the investigated
communities). Therefore,
establishing relations with other quilombola territorialities in the
municipality and, on a broader
scale, in the state and the country, by discussing the historical
and jurisdictional processes
necessary for the legalization of traditional territories, laws, and
decrees, as well as the
bureaucratic obstacles that impede the advancement of the
titling processes. Thus, it was
possible to understand and analyze the transformations of the
then Macacos Community, now
Escorrego Community, its territoriality and the characteristics
that distinguish it or bring it
closer to other certified municipal quilombola communities.
Therefore, showing the existing
traditions, economic activities, the traditional ways of production,
and the tools used. And in
this way, the relationships within the community itself and
between it and other inhabitants of
the municipality, its challenges and prospects.

The present research is a study about the territorialization of
public health in the municipality of Delmiro Gouveia/AL and the
accessibility of the population to health services. In this way, the
purpose is to identify the basic health units, analyzing the
professionals and the specialties that compose them, from
theoretical subsidies of the Geography of health, to recognize
how the population has access to care. It is expected to
understand how public health services in the municipality are
distributed or organized in the territory, and the means of
people's access to these services, which leads the research to
contribute to a study that identifies the problems existing,
collaborating for the implementation of public policies that can
benefit the entire population. In this sense, it is important to
analyze how the population has access to the Unified Health
System (SUS), which tools the city uses to expand services,
which professionals are used to provide care. These are some
of the questions that must be answered in order to identify
intervention tools in the municipal public domain. Public health
is, among other issues, an act of social justice and a dignified
life. Thus, this work highlights the importance of an in-depth
study on the public health system in the municipality of Delmiro
Gouveia, more precisely in the most vulnerable areas. The
methodological procedure comprises a bibliographic study,
carried out by reading works by authors such as Barcellos
(2020), Guimarães (2019), Borde and Torres (2017), Castro
(1984) and Santos (2001; 2006). The use of secondary data
produced by the Ministry of Health, the Municipal and State
Health Departments and the Brazilian Institute of Geography
and Statistics (IBGE). The field work, through participant
observation of situational analysis, visited Hospitals, UPA,
Health Department and Basic Health Units (UBS), located in the 

urban and rural areas of the municipality. The production of
tables, graphs, photographs and maps. The results point to a
poor spatial distribution of health units, with a concentration of
services in more centralized neighborhoods and absence in
others located around the urban perimeter and in several rural
communities. It is concluded that the existing power relations in
the territories, which directly influence political decisions, lead to
the centralization of health services. Consequently, the
distribution of units does not follow urban and rural expansion,
not serving all territories equally.

Tourism is an important factor in the production of geographic
space. By establishing itself in a particular spatial area, it
generates new territorialities, interferes with existing
territorialities, modifies places and the landscape, often
generating socio-spatial conflicts. Extensive coastal areas of the
Northeast region of Brazil have been going through a
touristification process that has caused a series of socio-spatial
conflicts, provoking much debate about the action of tourism in
space, as well as its impact on the interests of local populations,
changing the perception , the feeling and identity of the
communities involved. Thus, the place of living of preexisting
populations, their social bonds and belonging are changed, to
meet consumption, for and by tourists. This phenomenon of a
geographical nature has generated the exclusion and
marginalization of hosts and the fading of aspects of the local
culture. In addition, the advance of the real estate market and
speculation around the value of land often exclude part of the
pre-existing population, even creating difficulties in accessing
their traditional livelihoods. These types of problems, very
widespread on the northeastern coast, have also been occurring
in a stretch of the north coast of Alagoas, with a linear extension
of 23 km, and covering parts of the municipalities of Porto de
Pedras, São Miguel dos Milagres and Passo de Camaragibe. .
This part of the coast of Alagoas forms the tourist destination
Rota Ecológica (RE), which became known through an
alternative tourist offer, composed mainly of lodging facilities
called “pousadas de charme”. However, as the offer of these
inns made the RE nationally and internationally known,
investments began to appear in this destination, from
approximately 2016 onwards, aimed at the construction of
tourist-real estate ventures, with architectural projects that de-
characterize the local landscape, going contrary to the style of
charming inns. The objective of this research is to analyze the
territorialization of tourism-real estate developments in the
tourist destination Rota Ecológica, seeking to understand the 

socio-spatial conflicts that they have caused. The research is
qualitative, descriptive, and adopts an inductive-deductive
approach. Data collection procedures included: field surveys, for
direct observation, photographic records, and exploratory
interviews; examination of remote images; and analysis of public
and private documents. The study concludes that real estate
developments have caused significant socio-spatial conflicts on
the Ecological Route.

The researches of fluvial systems of drylands is lower in comparison with the studies developed in humid

regions, lacking researches that highlight the particularities of these environments. Thus, the research

brought as issue the investigation of the fluvial dynamics of a hydrographic basin of the semi-arid

environment of Alagoas through associations between the local and regional physical characteristics, their

structural controls, and the interventions resulting from human action. The objective is the characterization

of fluvial typologies that exhibit the above-mentioned set of characteristics in order to know in a more

detailed way the hydrosedimentological dynamics of the main course of the Riacho Grande watershed.

Starting from the hypothesis that the aspects analyzed together can show impacts on the formation and

development of depositional features in the Riacho Grande. With this purpose, it was sought to apply the

first stage of the theoretical-methodological approach of fluvial styles to the main channel of the basin. It

was necessary the application of the Declivity-Extension Ratio (DER) index seeking the plateau ruptures;

the mapping of land use and land cover aiming the anthropic interferences; and the mapping of landscape

units for the investigation of domains of regional topographic controls. It was revealed that plateau ruptures

may be controlling sedimentation processes along the main course along the three landscape units

identified in the basin, being delimited with regions of homogeneous slope and topography. In these units,

land use showed an increase in anthropic intervention coverage over a 20-year period. Finally, four fluvial

typologies were identified: Unconfined, semi-confined with alluvial bed, confined with mixed rock-aluvial

bed, and confined with discontinuous floodplains. Each typology allowed understanding the association of

the data obtained and its expression in sediment deposits along the channel (or its absence). The research

has proven relevant to the development of studies in tropical drylands. Based on the initial phase of the

fluvial styles methodology, the character and behavior of the stretches could be evidenced and correlated in

a way that becomes useful for the management and planning of the study area in relation to water

resources.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la red urbana
del estado de Alagoas, en referencia a los estudios Esbozo
Preliminar de División de Brasil en Espacios Polarizados de
1967 y Regiones de Influencia de Ciudades - REGIC (2020).
Destacamos que este trabajo tiene una metodología de
investigación cualitativa-descriptiva, haciendo uso de la
investigación bibliográfica y documental. Según el documento
Regiones de Influencia de las Ciudades – REGIC, publicado por
el IBGE en 2020, Alagoas presenta la siguiente jerarquía
urbana, clasificada a partir de los siguientes niveles: Capital
Regional A – Maceió; Capital Regional C – Arapiraca, que
atestigua la inexistencia de la Capital Regional B, así como una
metrópoli; Centros Subregionales B -Penedo, Delmiro Gouveia,
Palmeira dos Índios, Santana do Ipanema, São Miguel dos
Campos y União dos Palmares, acreditando la inexistencia de
los Centros Subregionales A; y Centros de la Zona B - Coruripe,
Olho d´Água das Flores, Pão de Açúcar, Porto Calvo y Viçosa,
lo que demuestra la inexistencia de Centros de la Zona A. Los
otros 89 municipios de Alagoas fueron clasificados como
centros locales (REGIC, 2020). Los resultados se analizarán 

utilizando la metodología utilizada en REGIC (2020). Maceió
cumple con los requisitos en la gestión pública y empresarial,
promoviendo el establecimiento de relaciones con las ciudades
que componen su arreglo poblacional, haciendo que su proceso
de urbanización sea similar al de las grandes metrópolis
brasileñas por su capacidad económica y de atracción de
inversiones. La ciudad de Arapiraca tiene conexión con otras
ciudades que conforman su región de influencia, ofreciendo una
variedad de bienes y servicios que satisfacen las necesidades
de acuerdo a la condición de cada población, que va en busca
de estos servicios, disipando aún más su alcance. .dentro de
esta red urbana. Esto sucede debido al crecimiento económico
en los sectores de servicios, construcción civil e industrias con
muchas ofertas de trabajo, atrayendo aún más a la población de
los municipios de su entorno. De esta forma, las
transformaciones que se dan en todos los sectores,
principalmente en el productivo, de servicios y capital,
transforman la estructura urbana, modernizándola, aumentando
aún más las especificidades de Arapiraca en relación a otras
ciudades de la región. Los Centros Subregionales B
evolucionaron en la provisión de bienes y servicios más
especializados, principalmente en los sectores de comercio,
salud y educación, evitando que sus poblaciones tengan que
viajar a la capital Maceió, debido a una buena gestión territorial,
aumentando su capacidad de atracción inversión,
transformándose en polos regionales de comercialización. Los
Centros de la Zona B de Alagoas supieron ascender en la
jerarquía, pasando por transformaciones significativas en su
estructura urbana, siendo equipados con hospitales, clínicas y
camas asistenciales en las más variadas especialidades, con
una diversificación de bienes y servicios que pueden atender
necesidades inmediatas. consumo de su población, sin
embargo, aún dependen de los servicios ofrecidos por los
Centros Subregionales B, o incluso la capital Maceió, ya que
están ubicados dentro de sus áreas de influencia.

Discussions about ethnic-racial relations during the schooling

process are fundamental for
combating racial discrimination, especially in Geography
Teaching. This qualitative approach
dissertation is anchored in the following question: How are
ethnic-racial relations being
addressed in the High School Geography textbooks of the
National Book and Teaching Material
Program (PNLD), in three collections approved in the 2018
selection, adopted in schools in
Alagoas, and how does this approach contribute to the
understanding of social hierarchies, and
to a better approach to ethnic-racial relations in Geography
Teaching? In this sense, this
research has as main objective to analyze how ethnic-racial
relations are presented in the
Geography textbooks of High School approved in the PNLD for
the triennium from 2018 to
2020, with a view to discussing this theme in the Teaching of
Geography. In addition to this
first purpose, the research intends to discuss the concepts of
ethnic-racial relations, social
hierarchies and coloniality as fundamental concepts to
understand the Brazilian social structure;
historicize the PNLD as an important program for the analysis
and distribution of books and
teaching materials in Brazilian public education and for the
Teaching of Geography; discuss
ethnic-racial relations as a fundamental theme for socio-spatial
analysis in Geography Teaching;
analyze the approach to the concept of ethnic-racial relations
and social hierarchy in the 2018
PNLD High School Geography textbooks, approved and
selected in public schools in the state
of Alagoas; identify the main languages presented and indicated
in the collections to address
content related to the concept of ethnic-racial relations and how
these can help the teacher to
discuss issues aimed at the hierarchy of the Brazilian
population, enabling a Geography
Teaching to combat the forms of manifestation of racism. The
methodological procedures used
in this research were anchored in the analysis of the following
documents: the didactic
collection - Geography, readings and interaction authored by
Aloísio Goettems Arno and
Antonio Luís Joia approved in the 2018 PNLD of High School
(EM) for the 2018-2020
triennium, used in state schools in the state of Alagoas; of the
didactic work Geografia das
Redes, o mundo e seus Lugares, by Douglas Santos, a 

collection chosen and adopted also for the
EM in the state of Alagoas, for the triennium from 2018 to 2020
and the work Geografia em
Rede, by Edilson Adão and Laercio Furquim Jr, also from the
PNLD 2018-2020, adopted in
public schools in Alagoas. In addition to the analysis of these
three collections, we used the
National Curricular Common Base (BNCC) regarding issues
relevant to the Geography
component and the 2018 PNLD Geography Digital Guide, in
addition to consulting the
Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) and
we analyze some theses and
dissertations that deal with the subject in question. The
approaches presented in this dissertation
are essential for the Teaching of Geography, given that the study
of ethnic-racial relations is
important for the development of geographic reasoning and
socio-spatial thinking, as well as
contributing to the continuing education of the Geography
teacher, in addition to to enable
future reflections and publications on the concepts of ethnic-
racial relations and social
hierarchy.

Caatinga has several exploration potentials, and it is important to know the dynamics interaction of the organisms that influence its development. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the development of the Byrsonima triopterifolia A. Juss and invertebrate organisms, in Olho D´Água do Casado, Alagoas The research is being conducted in Olho D´Água do Casado, Alagoas, where the phenological behavior of the plants is being monitored monthly: Floral bud, anthesis flowers, fruits, leaf senescence, budding and abortion. Bi-monthly monitoring of the development of the vegetative structure (height and diameter) of the matrices of B. triopterifolia is being conducted and collections of rainfall.. The physical characterization of the fruits and seeds of B. triopterifolia A. Juss was realizes, where they were measured: weight of the fruits (g), weight of the seeds (g), longitudinal and transversal diameter of the fruits and seeds (cm), yield of pulp (%), seed yield (%). The survey of aerial and edaphic macrofauna was performed by means of Provid traps installed in the field for 96 hours containing 200 mL of 5% detergent solution and 12 drops of Formol P.A., considering organisms ≥ 2 mm in length. The preliminary results indicate that when there is greater availability of water in the soil, the species Byrsonima triopterifolia A. Juss presents greater development of its phenophases; The species B. triopterifolia has a good development in relation to circumference and height when in environments with cultural treatment (pruning, grating, water supply) and fruit production is also favored by the management practices adopted; The fruits of the species B triopterifolia are well developed, showing a significant pulp and peel yield, followed by the seed yield, favored by the cultural treatment used; In aerial macrofauna, the Hymenoptera group is the most dominant in the areas of occurrence of the species B. triopterifolia proven by the low values in the Shannon Diversity Index (H) and Pielou Uniformity (e); The dominant groups registered in the edaphic macrofauna are Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera, as highlighted by the Shannon diversity and Pielou uniformity indexes and are possible pollinators of the species B. triopterifolia; Of the taxonomic groups of the edaphic mesofauna Acarina is the most dominant in the area with the occurrence of B. triopterifolia, confirmed by the reduced values obtained by the Shannon (H) and Pielou (e) indices, showing less diversity and equability; B. triopterifolia has potential for exploration in the studied region because it is a species that resists small rain events.

From a general framework of the sugarcane agro industry in Alagoas, we tried to analyze and understand the main changes that occurred during the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, which focused on the geographical distribution of sugar mills in the territory of Alagoas. The examination of this process initially points to a concentration of sugar mills in the mesoregion of Eastern Alagoano, precisely in the geographic microregion of The Alagoas Forest, which is geographically the first area of occupation in the territory of Alagoas. Currently, we observe an important territorial dynamics still in progress in the State, which is the transfer of the productive axis of the traditional sugarcane region, to the microregion of São Miguel dos Campos, mainly due to the closure of power plants. The basic assumption is that this process of axis transfer begins through business strategies and federal financing in sugarcane agro industry development programs, such as IAA, (1933); PLANALSUCAR, (1971); PROALCOOL, (1975), which constitute as determining factors to the new productive axis of the State, with the necessary machinery and equipment facilities. The challenge of the new productive axis is how to get around the crisis caused by the covid-19 pandemic, in a national economic scenario that has presented negative employment balances by sectors of economic activities since 2014. In Alagoas, initial data on the impact of the pandemic in 2020 indicate that the trade and services sector was the most impacted, while the agro industry showed higher sugar sales, resulting in higher export values to the state, on the other hand, data on the fluctuation of formal employment in 2020 present negative balances for the sugarcane industry worker.

In this 21st century, the discussion about the conurbation process has grown a lot, because the
urban space has been presented in peculiar forms, structures and processes. Thus,
several phenomena and processes began to be investigated in large cities
covering metropolitan regions. However, understanding how the process of
conurbation in a given urban space is essential. Thus, this work aims to
objective to analyze the meaning of territorial limits between the municipalities of the Region
Metropolitana de Maceió, considering the conurbation process, between Maceió, Rio Largo and
Satuba, pondering the existing social relations that are intertwined. To meet the
objectives, bibliographic survey, documentary and cartographic survey,
as well as field research. Therefore, in view of the methodological and empirical effort
it is understood that the coalescence of the municipalities crosses the administrative, political and
and economic, in which urban areas come together. In this sense, it is clear that MaceióRio Largo-Satuba are intertwined, extrapolating the administrative political limits of a
municipality. This process can be planned and intentional by the agents
because it is an area bordering the capital. However, one can consider
that planned or not the coalescence between the municipal limits allows complications
political-administrative to the municipalities. Thus, it is possible to admit that urban expansion
between Maceió-Rio Largo-Satuba, it occurs due to its strategic territorial position.

The unquestionable capacity for transforming industrialization has emanated innumerable studies at different scales within the scope of the human and social sciences. However, in the case of the state of Alagoas, they are often works aimed at analyzing the large enterprises located in the coastal part. And, more, analyzed from the perspective of the old development policies adopted in Brazil, generally under the tonic of an overvaluation of external industries to the detriment of internal activities. Taking another path, thinking about territorial development based on the coordination of the State in relation to the productive forces that the Alagoas territory already has internally, the present study has the central objective of understanding the uses of the territory undertaken by the local industries in the Immediate Geographic Region of Arapiraca. To this end, we sought to analyze the economic organization of the state of Alagoas, the genesis of local industries in that region, their organization based on capillarity strategies, as well as to recognize the action systems that allow local industries to use Alagoas and Northeastern territory, and investigate state activism in strengthening these activities. The methodology comprised the triad that constitutes research in Geography: bibliographic research, referring to the investigated theme; documentary and data research, aiming at the acquisition of historical documents and normative content, in addition to secondary data published by official institutions; and field research, which enabled the acquisition of primary data, the knowledge of the studied area and the absorption of knowledge of reality, with the application of the theory combined with consistent methods of analysis. The results obtained revealed that, based on small commercial production, local industries played a fundamental role in the growth of the Immediate Geographic Region of Arapiraca. Thus, in large part, responsible for its current dynamics, representing activities that using the territory in a differentiated way, from the use of well-articulated action systems, constitute a strong potential in the territorial development process of that region. And in this way, enabling important transformations in the productive bases based on local initiatives, especially in the context of the Alagoas latifundio still marked by the dependence of the agroindustrial sector.

Institutions, individuals and socio-religious groups weave territorialities in the process of symbolic appropriation/appreciation of sacred spaces instituted in the context of religious festivals, through the performance of religious practices. At the festivals of popular Catholicism, the different territorial agents share and dispute these spaces, causing the encounter between diverse territorialities whose interests, values and beliefs may coincide or diverge, resulting in moments of tension, conflicts and/or common understanding involving the Roman Catholic Church, as an institution that uses actions and control strategies and domination in order to preserve its hegemony over the celebration, and the manifestations of popular religiosity. The power relations that circumscribe the religious territories in which this phenomenon occurs, object of interest in this investigation. In this regard, based on a symbolic-cultural approach of Geography, this study aims to analyze a territoriality of the Catholic Church, exerted in the context at hand, by leaders of the Sanctuary of Our Lady of the Conception, and its relation with the practices of popular religiosity at the Feast of Our Lady of the Conception, Recife / PE, in addition to identifying and analyzing a spatial dimension of these practices and the symbolic values attributed to the areas in which they are carried. For this purpose, a qualitative methodological approach was adopted and the case study as a research outline, using multiple sources of data and information such as direct observation, semi-structured interviews and question forms, whose results were analyzed and interpreted from the source triangulation strategy. The results obtained demonstrate that the territorial actions and strategies adopted by the Catholic Church directly influence most of the religious rituals and practices held in sacred spaces that compose the feast, unleashing tensions between the religious institutions and the manifestations of popular religiosity. It was also found that, despite exercising hegemonic power at the Feast, the Church also seeks to meet the diverse demands of the participating individuals and/or socio-religious groups, causing consensual negotiations, however, maintaining the ecclesiastical authority over the event and, more specifically, concerning religious practices.

To understand the current configuration of the landscape, it is essential to analyze the geomorphological features and the processes that were responsible for its evolution, these analyses are also necessary to understand the past transformations. The integrated analysis of geomorphological and stratigraphic aspects constitute an important line of investigation of the evolutionary dynamics of the Quaternary, especially of the old processes that were responsible for the dynamics of landscape evolution. The present study characterized the river terraces of the Canapi river basin based on litho-stratigraphic and morpho-stratigraphic criteria, in order to understand the process of transport and deposition of these sediments. The main objective of the study was to map the river terraces of the Canapi river basin in order to understand the genesis and evolution of the geomorphological landscape in the Quaternary period and to evaluate the current conditions of use and occupation, in addition to contemplating the following specific objectives: to characterize the river channel seeking to understand the behavior of the main watercourse from the conception of river connectivity in semi-arid environment; delimiting the river terraces of the Canapi river basin and correlating them with the pattern of (dis)river connectivity; characterize river terraces by means of sedimentological analysis. From the integration of bibliographic review, mapping of geomorphological units, mapping of the disconnections of the landscape where we sought to highlight the impediments that influence the free circulation of energy and matter in the river channel, and granulometric analysis, it was possible to characterize these fluvial deposits from the perspective of lito-morpho-stratographic, and thus contribute with studies on environmental and fluvial dynamics, and thus assist in the occupation and proper management of natural resources.

The definition of watersheds as a spatial unit of management and
planning has been fundamental for the studies of landscapes,
especially in approaches aiming understanding its physiographic
and morphological aspects, such studies also help the analyses
related to hydro-environmental dynamics. In this context the
present work used the theoretical-methodological approach of
fluvial styles developed by Fryirs and Brierley (2000). The main
objective of this research was to characterize and classify the
contemporary fluvial dynamics of the Riacho Talhada basin. The
geomorphological mapping of the study area, the fluvial
compartmentalization, the profile of the main channel correlating
with its geology and valley configuration and finally the
classification of fluvial styles and mapping of land use at a detailed
scale from drone images and field data were carried out.
Therefore, 5 representative fluvial styles were mapped; from the
applied methodology, data were obtained about the
hydrosedimentological functioning of the Riacho Talhada basin and
the morphology of its rivers that can be used to interpret the
physical conditions of watersheds located in the northeast of Brazil,
assisting in the creation of a data network for understand fluvial
dynamics in this context, so that the results can assist the
management of water resources and hydrological planning.

The environmental liabilities generated by open-air dumps activities in
which there is no compliance to minimize environmental impacts,
characterize today one of the biggest problems for societies and
governments with regard to the contamination of the physical
environment. The old dump in Maceió-AL, located in the Jacarecica
neighborhood, in a total area of 22 hectares, operated from 1967 to
2010, receiving solid and percolated waste in its soil without the
proper treatment to protect soil and groundwater. Despite the closure of
its activities, the slurry generated by the waste was not properly
treated, exposing the residents of its surroundings to the conditions
generated by the environmental liability, as it causes the accumulation
of metals in soils, sediments, groundwater and surface water, in the
atmosphere and, finally, in humans and animals through the ingestion
of water and food and the inhalation of suspended particles. In order to
identify the mentioned impacts, qualitative environmental impact
assessment methodologies are used, capable of identifying the
problems that directly affect the physical environment, the biotic
environment and the anthropic environment. In this study, the checklist
and environmental impact assessment matrix methodologies (based on
the Leopold matrix) were applied, generating a list of the
environmental impacts observed in the study area. From the
occurrence of environmental impacts resulting from the operation of an
open-air dump, techniques were developed that allowed a
quantification of the damage to human health arising from such
activities. To quantify the toxicological and carcinogenic risks to which
residents who are occupying the surroundings of the old dump in
Maceió-AL are subjected, through the use of local water by collection
wells for various purposes, the RBCA-Toolkit for Chemical tool was
used. Releases, by comparing data from the Worksheets for Risk
Assessment in Contaminated Areas under Investigation, prepared by
CETESB. Currently, although the north coast of Maceió-AL has an
area contaminated by leachate representing risks to human health, the
scenic look due to its location on the coastal coast, stands out to the
interests of real estate speculation, making the area attractive to urban
expansion. This situation demonstrates the need for a more detailed
investigation into the impacts in the area.

The relationship between rainfall and landslides represents an important tool for creating warning systems and
developing a mass movement mitigation plan in the city of Maceió - AL. Mass movements are those defined as
being natural events of soil and/or rock movement along a slope under the direct action of gravity, which can be
added by other transport agents, which reduce the resistance of slope materials and can induce a plastic and fluid
behavior of the soils. Landslides result from the disruption of equilibrium conditions, defined by geological,
geomechanical and climatic factors, with rainfall playing a fundamental role in triggering these processes. Rain is
a major trigger for landslides. The construction of the proposed model will start from the analysis and compilation
of rainfall events that resulted in landslide processes in the municipality, based on the evaluation of historical
series of rainfall data, and a database formed from the occurrences of landslides attended in the County. Making 

an empirical correlation of the data that will be considered the accumulated rainfall prior to landslides of 24 h
(mm/24h), 48h (mm/48h), 72h (mm/72h), 96h (mm/96h) 120h (mm/120 ), The correlation and definition of
critical rainfall thresholds, maximum or minimum necessary to trigger rupture processes is of paramount
importance for the monitoring of risk areas, acting directly in the preservation of human lives.

As cadeias de produção leiteira espalhadas pelo Brasil e pelo mundo possuem participação significativa na estrutura econômica de diversos países e regiões do planeta, as indústrias envolvidas nesse processo fabricam uma série de produtos largamente consumidos diariamente por boa parte da população mundial, assim sendo, este estudo trata dos resultados na cadeia de produção leiteira de Bom Conselho – PE a partir da implantação de uma agroindústria no município. Esta pesquisa investiga os resultados partindo da estratégia utilizada pela empresa para a implantação de sua unidade na localidade, assim sendo, considerando esse processo realizamos uma análise do mesmo, a partir das expectativas que foram geradas no setor leiteiro do município e do anúncio da vinda da companhia. Do mesmo modo, buscamos também compreender o que a implantação da empresa produziu na cadeia de produção leiteira local, assim como a visão de alguns segmentos sociais ligados ao setor leiteiro a respeito da realidade encontrada. Da mesma forma, a percepção das inquietações, debates e questionamentos da população local e dos integrantes da cadeia de produção leiteira do município em relação ao desenvolvimento e crescimento do setor constituem-se a principal justificativa de sua realização, logo, os questionamentos levantados e as expectativas geradas, são ao mesmo tempo fontes e pressupostos para a realização deste estudo. A metodologia aplicada parte de um extenso levantamento bibliográfico tendo por base as obras de Althusser (1998); Chesnais (1996); Cholley (1964); Corrêa (1995); Espíndola (1999); Santos (1977), (1986), (1997), Serfati (2005) e Viana e Ferras (2007) dentre outros autores. Utilizamos como fontes para nossa pesquisa a coleta de dados e informações na imprensa local e em diversas instituições ligadas ao setor, da mesma forma, empregamos como procedimentos metodológicos a realização de entrevistas diretas com diversos representantes e integrantes de seguimentos ligados à cadeia de produção leiteira local, além de ensaios fotográficos, elaboração de gráficos, tabelas e quadros. Nos resultados desta pesquisa vemos como positiva a atuação da Lactalis na localidade, já que a mesma trouxe desenvolvimento, crescimento e realizou diversos investimentos principalmente na cadeia de produção leiteira local, com tecnologias, inovações, novos métodos e técnicas para a produção leiteira do município.

A presente pesquisa, disserta a respeito da Indústria de Alimentos em Alagoas analisando sua gênese a partir de 1850, evolução durante o século XX e seu contexto nos dias atuais. Busca-se compreender o crescimento das firmas no setor, levando em consideração o papel do Estado, o crescimento urbano e a acumulação do(s) proprietário(s). A partir de uma contextualização geral da indústria de alimentos, analisa-se geograficamente a Indústria Reunidas Coringa LTDA e suas atuações no mercado regional, bem como, os investimentos que ocorreram em decorrência do crescimento da firma. A dissertação visa contribuir com estudos de geografia econômica de Alagoas, para isso, ancora-se teoricamente em Santos (1977/2008a) com formação socioespacial, Rangel(1981) com as dualidades básicas da economia brasileira, Cholley (1964a;1964b) com as combinações geográficas, Marx(1982) com acumulação primitiva para entender a gênese do capitalismo e suas semelhanças na formação socioespacial de Alagoas, e por fim, para ter elementos de compreensão sobre a indústria de alimentos, Santos (2008b) , que, trabalha com circuitos da economia urbana nos países subdesenvolvidos. A obtenção de dados ocorre: por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas nas bibliotecas físicas (UFAL e UNEAL) e virtuais (UFAL,UFPE e USP); nos sites governamentais (IBGE[Sidra], IPEA); a coleta de dados primários e secundários sobre a gênese e contexto atual da indústria de alimentos foi realizada na ACM e na FIEA; coleta de dados em redes de supermercados alagoanos para verificação de preços e concorrências; e através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com representantes das fábricas de alimentos. Por fim, trabalha-se com as transformações socioespaciais que contribuíram com a diversificação de alimentos industrializados voltados ao mercado regional e como incide sobre a economia Alagoana, bem como mercado de trabalho e consumidor.

Visto a necessidade de ampliar o conhecimento do meio físico para se estabelecer diretrizes racionais de utilização de áreas costeiras no estado de Alagoas, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as características morfodinâmicas, vulnerabilidade a erosão, sedimentologia, uso e ocupação do solo e as mudanças geoambientais em parte da planície costeira do município de Marechal Deodoro. Para tanto, a área de estudo foi delimitada entre a linha de costa e a AL-101 Sul. A metodologia teve por base duas etapas: as de campo que consistiram na execução de levantamentos de dados loco ao longo dos anos de 2018 a 2019; e as de laboratórios, através da análise dos dados primários e secundários e consequente determinação dos resultados. Assim foram estabelecidos para a área quatro setores definidos como P1, P2, P3 e P4. No primeiro setor perfil 1 (P1) localizado na praia do Saco da Pedra, o P2 (Maré Restaurante) e (P3 – Hotel Ponta Verde) localizados na praia do Francês e o P4 na praia do Francês também, mas conhecido como região do Leprosário. Após as devidas análises verificamos que o crescimento populacional das últimas décadas na planície costeira do município tem levado ao processo de conurbação em paralelo a capital alagoana, com sérios problemas de urbanização desordenada, deficiência na coleta dos resíduos sólidos, coleta e tratamento de efluentes sanitários, além de erosão marinha e a drenagem urbana ineficiente. Que a circulação costeira está relacionada aos ventos e marés, como as variações sazonais. Que o Perfil P1 apresentou deposição, mesmo a praia encontrando-se em processo de erosão antrópica, devido a ocupação do setor pelo condomínio Saco da Pedra; que os Perfis 2 e 3 apresentaram erosões cíclicas e o P4 é o mais estável e com vegetação típica preservada. As análises granulométricas para os setores P1, P2 e P3 apresentaram alternância de areia média e fina e para o P4 predominou sedimentos finos. E que a vulnerabilidade ambiental está relacionada com as alterações e degradações dos ecossistemas, no P1 (praia do Saco da Pedra) a vulnerabilidade foi considerada alta, com ausência de pós-praia, ocupação antrópica intensa e consolidada, estirâncio reduzido, degradação da vegetação nativa e impermeabilização dos terraços marinhos, pela ocupação, que altera o regime de movimentação dos sedimentos. Nos pontos P2 e P3 (centro da praia do Francês) a vulnerabilidade foi considerada média, em função do nível de impermeabilização da pós-praia pela urbanização e da instalação de obras de contenção no cordão litorâneo, em P4, localizado mais ao Sul, a vulnerabilidade é baixa, pois distinto dos setores anteriores, a praia é bem consolidada e a pós praia apresenta cordões recobertos por vegetação típica e não tem presença de construções. A partir do zoneamento geoambiental, verificamos que os principais problemas ambientais estão relacionados com as ocupações, bem como potenciais de risco como cemitério, fabrica de gelo e postos de combustíveis. Desta forma, constatou-se que a área em estudo é formada por um ambiente dinâmico em situação de fragilidade decorrente das próprias características naturais e das pressões sobre eles exercidas. E, que existe a necessidade urgente de ações sustentáveis que possibilite a preservação e recuperação dos ambientes naturais.

A água é um recurso natural de extrema importância para realização das atividades socioeconômicas e, sobretudo na manutenção da vida no Planeta Terra. Alterações na qualidade da água de ecossistemas aquáticos têm ocorrido ao longo do tempo. É neste sentido que a presente pesquisa traz um estudo da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paraíba do Meio, mais especificamente em sua porção no Estado de Alagoas. O recorte da pesquisa dado área da bacia em Alagoas e a localização geográfica do ponto de coletas (Município de Atalaia-Alagoas) de amostras para análise é engenhoso, pois a mesma pode ser considerada uma “caixa preta” devido ser no adjacente município de Pilar-Alagoas que se tem a foz do rio Paraíba do Meio no Complexo Lagunar Mundaú-Manguaba, evidenciando assim como o rio contribui com material para o oceano. Tal estudo está balizado em dois vieses socioambientais, são eles, a saber: a concentração de nutrientes e o Estado Trófico do rio em questão, no ano hidrológico de 2013. A partir desses dois pontos de estudo no rio objetiva-se compreender e mensurar a ação antropogênica que tem, por conseguinte, provocado alterações na qualidade da água. Os dados referentes a concentração de carga de nutrientes e de parâmetros físicos e químicos foram obtidos por meio do Banco de Dados do LABMAR/UFAL. Metodologicamente falando o método de Strickland e Parsons (1972) foi utilizado para o cálculo das concentrações de fósforo dissolvido; já o Modelo TRIX (um índice multivariado) de eutrofização para a caracterização do Estado Trófico do rio e para indicar as condições de qualidade de água. Como resultados parciais foi verificado, por meio de análise em laboratório, alterações pontuais em variados parâmetros físicos e químicos, bem como a indicação, por meio do Modelo TRIX, de um ambiente aquático com significativo estágio de eutrofização.

A água é um recurso natural limitado, provavelmente o único recurso natural que tem a ver com todos os aspectos da civilização humana, desde o desenvolvimento agrícola e industrial aos valores culturais e religiosos arraigados na sociedade. É essencial à vida, seja como componente bioquímico de seres vivos, como meio de vida de várias espécies vegetais e animais, como elemento representativo de valores sociais e culturais e até como fator de produção de vários bens de consumo final e intermediário. Esta pesquisa traz, como temática, o estudo da qualidade das águas subterrâneas da bacia endorreica do Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió/AL, localizada no domínio dos Tabuleiros Costeiros de Maceió, na Bacia Sedimentar Alagoas, onde essas águas são intensivamente exploradas para consumo humano e industrial. Trata-se de uma bacia endorreica, onde as águas superficiais se acumulam nas depressões do terreno natural, de onde evapora ou infiltra no solo. A região possui clima tropical, subúmido seco, com baixa amplitude térmica e precipitações anuais em torno de 1480 mm. A recarga dos sistemas aquíferos se dá principalmente pela infiltração do excedente de águas pluviais, estimada em 400 mm anuais. Das unidades litoestratigráficas, são exploradas as formações Barreiras, Marituba e Poção, isoladamente ou em conjunto, quando formam um só sistema aquífero. Dentre as atividades potencialmente poluidoras identificadas na região, destacam-se: sistema de esgotamento sanitário, constituído por fossas sépticas e sumidouros; efluentes líquidos industriais na área do Polo Multissetorial Governador Luiz Cavalcante; postos de combustíveis; e o sistema de drenagem superficial da região, constituído de lagoas para amortecimento de cheias que são também utilizadas como corpos receptores de efluentes domiciliares e industriais. Foi adotado o método hipotético dedutivo para a avaliação da qualidade das águas subterrâneas locais captadas por poços tubulares da Companhia de Saneamento de Alagoas (CASAL), inicialmente através da análise estatística dos parâmetros físico-químicos determinados pela CASAL nos anos de 2008 e 2018, visando também o estudo comparativo dos dados disponíveis nesse período. Numa segunda etapa, será avaliada a variabilidade espacial dos parâmetros físico-químicos das águas subterrâneas, visando identificar áreas sujeitas à contaminação, principalmente em regiões que possuem relevância econômica e ambiental para a sociedade. Também será identificado o grau de vulnerabilidade das águas subterrâneas da bacia endorreica do Tabuleiro do Martins, através do modelo GOD, índice de vulnerabilidade baseado na litologia, na profundidade até o lençol freático e no grau de confinamento da água subterrânea. Por fim, a pesquisa objetiva identificar áreas na bacia endorreica do Tabuleiro do Martins onde já haja indícios de poluição ou degradação das águas subterrâneas comparando com o grau de vulnerabilidade correspondente.