Dansyl derivatives present double fluorescence with only one excitation, due to the phenomenon of TICT
present in these molecules, as they present in their structure an electron donor group (dimethylamino group)
and an electron acceptor group (naphthalene sulfonyl group). These compounds have been successfully used
in distinct and timely applications such as real-time microviscosity probes, molecular recognition, as well as
live cell imaging. And because they have different atoms in their structures, such as S, N, O and Cl, they also
have potential for application in the synthesis of carbon dots (C-dots). Therefore, the derivatives o, m and pphenyldiamine dansylated, o-aminothiophenyldansylated and hydroquinonadansylated were synthesized in
excellent yields from a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction between dansyl chloride o, m and pphenyldiamine, o-aminothiophenol and the hydroquinone. After characterization by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and
FTIR the derivatives and their precursors were applied for the synthesis of C-dots in hydrothermal reaction
by the bottom-up route. The C-dots obtained exhibited functional groups characteristic of the precursor
materials, with N and S doping, diameters smaller than 6 nm, emission dependent and independent of the
excitation wavelength. The C-dots obtained from p-phenyldiaminedansyl, dansyl chloride and pphenyldiamine were used to assemble white LEDs using the RGB system with PVP films that exhibited CRI
of up to 89 and CIE coordinates of (0.33, 0.31) and (0.28, 0.33) under UV excitation at 370 and 390 nm,
respectively. The C-dots of dansyl chloride were evaluated in nanothermometry and showed potential for
applications as ratiometric nanothermometers and fluorescent and colorimetric pH sensors.

The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus of the genus Alphavirus transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes sp. and Culex sp., responsible for causing Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) which leads to major economic and public health impacts. Throughout history, it appears that CHIKV infections are mainly associated with developing countries, being responsible for endemic and recurrent outbreaks. However, in recent decades, CHIKV has spread globally. In general, its clinical manifestations range from a self-limited feverish state to debilitating polyarthralgia, which has been responsible for significant impacts on the region's economy, since its symptoms can last for months or years. Thus, the lack of specific antiviral therapy for this virus characterizes an urgent and necessary demand. In this scenario, peptidomimetics stand out as a promising chemical class in the development of new drugs, since they have been reported as inhibitors of viral proteases, acting at submicromolar concentrations. In this sense, this work sought to develop new antiviral agents against CHIKV targeting viral processes and/or structures involved in the replication cycle. Thus, three series of tri-peptides formed by the amino acids glycine (Gly) and leucine (Leu) in 3 different combinations in P1, P2 and P3 were developed through solid phase synthesis using Rink amide resin. In total, 18 tri-peptides were obtained, of which 6 showed an effect against CHIKV (EC50 2.2-38 μM) with CC50 >200 μM. Highlightingly, the in vitro assays resulted in the discovery of the peptidomimetics PEP15 and PEP16, unprecedented in the literature, with the most promising antiviral effects of this work. Furthermore, flow cytometry showed a reduction in the cytopathic effect in Vero cells infected by CHIKV. Although in silico analyzes suggested that these peptides interacted with catalytic residues of the nsp2 protease, biological assays under the nsp2 protease resulted in weak inhibition (IC50 > 1mM). Time drug addiction assays was performed to determine at which stage of the viral cycle the tri-peptides act. Therefore, this work reports important information on the development of new peptidomimetics against the CHIKV virus, with valuable information on the structure-activity relationship of this class of substances.

Shrimp farming is one of the fastest growing productive sectors and contributes to the global fish supplies. Its solid and liquid residues are high in nutrients and organic materials from the feed, shrimp excreta and animal fragments. The disposal of this waste, in addition to generating environmental damages, such as eutrophication and soil degradation, causes the reduction of biodiversity, and produces economic problems, since valuable biomaterials are wasted. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop techniques capable of inserting waste into the production chain, strengthening the premise of sustainable development of shrimp farming, due to its economic and social importance. In this work, slow-release fertilizers were synthesized utilizing the solid residue from shrimp farming, chitosan, montmorillonite and urea. The spheres of fertilizers were produced and characterized by means of elemental analysis (CHN), giving values of 14,4-18,4% of carbon, 5,6-6,9% of hydrogen and 12,3-19,3 of nitrogen. The infrared spectra (FTIR) showed absorption bands referring to functional groups that make up the spheres, confirming the presence of hydroxyl and carboxylate groups present in the organic matter of the residue, as well as bands typical of chitosan, amide bond, and group band Al-O, characteristic of montmorillonite. The SEM images confirmed the formation of regular spheres with a uniform surface. For the quantification of urea in water, a calibration curve was constructed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, at a wavelength of 427nm, obtaining a coefficient of determination (R2 ) 0.9977, demonstrating the efficiency of the method for determination urea. Water release tests showed that fertilizers release urea slowly, reaching a maximum after 15 days (95-97%). The kinetic data of urea were adjusted to the Higuch, indicative that the release mechanism occurred by Fickian diffusion. In soil release study, presented that nitrogen is released slowly by the fertilizers produced, which can be classified as slow-release fertilizers. The degradation study presented the biodegradability of fertilizers in the soil, with a rate higher than 60% after 30 days of incubation in the soil, indicating their ability to be applied to the soil without generating waste. The application of fertilizers in corn cultivation showed superior root length and size compared to the control. The findings in this work show a new and important approach to be given to shrimp farming waste.

The Mundaú-Manguaba lagoon estuarine complex (CELMM) is
undergoing an accelerated process of environmental
degradation due to the deterioration of human actions such as:
disposal of domestic sewage; improper collection and disposal
of solid waste; silting up; floods; release of untreated industrial
effluents; indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources;
disorderly occupation and unconsolidated urbanization of risk
areas and inadequate agricultural and fishing practices. These
actions have compromised public health due to waterborne
diseases and tourism to the region's main attractions. Fishing
has socioeconomic consequences, such as reducing job
opportunities in CELMM and harming sustainable local
development and its surroundings. Cellulose alone accounts for
approximately 40% of all carbon available in the biosphere. It is
present in all plants, from highly developed trees to the most
primitive of organisms; its content in these species can vary
between 20 and 99%. Nanocellulose represents a new set of
nanomaterials, which have a wide range of technological
applications in the most varied scientific contexts.
Characteristics desirable features such as rigidity, low weight,
hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and optical properties favor the 

use of this material in innovative applications. The nanocellulose
(FN) films were prepared according to the casting technique,
which consists of preparing a filmogenic solution using distilled
water as a solvent. In this sense, the present work aims to study
to develop, characterize and evaluate the application of films
produced from nanocellulose and different concentrations of
humic substances in the remediation of water contaminated with
potentially toxic metals Cd (II) and Pb (II) present in the lagoon
estuarine complex Mundaú - Manguaba, and to propose
strategies to minimize the impacts generated in the
environment, with the use of ecologically correct adsorbent
materials of low cost and environmentally friendly. The results
presented in this study show that Nano + humic substances
(SH) at different levels (0.5; 1.0; 2.0 and 5.0 mg/g) cause
changes in the complexation mechanism of metals mixed with
organic matter present in humic substances. Cd(II) and Pb(II)
ions showed strong interactions with Nano + SH. Based on
these observations, Nano + SH (2.0 mg/g) had the highest
adsorption of cadmium and lead with a counting time of 1 hour,
reaching an adsorption capacity of 10 mg/g of FN in a cadmium
solution of 10 mg L-1 and a cadmium removal efficiency of
92.31% (represents a removal of 0.769 mg L-1 of cadmium) and
97.02% (represents a removal of 0.298 mg L-1, these conditions
were defined to carry out the experiments of the study of the
adsorption isotherms.

With the population increase, the need to produce food more efficiently per hectare planted grew. To this end, several agricultural pesticides were developed, with the aim of preventing and combating pests that harm crop production. But the indiscriminate use of these products has caused damage to the environment, either by contaminating the soil and groundwater, or by damaging human health, both the agricultural worker and the person who consumes the contaminated food. With the intention of obtaining a sustainable agricultural production, several researches appeared aiming at the reduction of the application of pesticides. One of these lines of research was the isolation and use of pest pheromones, aiming to control pests and reduce the application of toxic substances in plantations. After identifying these pheromones, it is necessary to develop a synthesis method for large-scale production. Unfortunately, many of these processes use highly toxic substances as raw materials, such as hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), which are often persistent and are found in the final effluent of the production process. Within this context, this work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of treatments, chemical with hypochlorite of an effluent containing HMPA and electrochemical both in the degradation of a synthetic effluent and a real effluent containing HMPA. The chemical process proved to be inefficient in treating the effluent, with a large amount of unreacted pollutant having been observed and the formation of some products even after 96 hours of reaction with concentrated hypochlorite. In the electrochemical process of the synthetic HMPA effluent with NaCl as electrolyte, the total degradation of the pollutant and the formation of some products was obtained after only 2 hours of reaction. For the real effluent, after 2 hours of electrochemical reaction, the presence of the initial pollutant was still observed, and after 6 hours of reaction, a reduction of approximately 90% of the pollutant was obtained. The results indicate that the electrochemical process is a promising technology for the degradation of the effluent, coming from the synthesis process of pheromones containing HPMA, only needing to optimize the experimental conditions, such as reaction time.

("Active packaging" systems for food are based on the incorporation of components with properties that help in the process of controlling undesirable variations, such as antioxidants, antimicrobials, etc., in addition to adding environmental value (biodegradability, use of raw materials, residual raw materials, low toxicity). This work aimed to elaborate biocomposites with Xanthomonas campestris xanthan, sodium alginate and montmorillonite (MML) in the form of active films incorporated with aqueous extract of dehydrated oregano leaves (EAO), to package shrimp fillets. After testing various formulations with solutions of xanthan gum, sodium alginate and MML, the best combination was incorporated with different aliquots of EAO (mg/mL): 0.083; 0.0207; 0.0249; 0.0332; 0.0415; 0.622; 0.083; 0.012 and 0.016. The antioxidant capacity, the total phenolic content and the antimicrobial activity were tested in the EAO and in the different biofilms. Analyzes of color, thickness and mechanical properties of these films were also performed [elasticity (E), maximum stress (𝜎_𝑀𝐴𝑋), rupture stress (𝜎_𝑅𝑈) and deformation (D_MA)], in addition to their molecular characterization by infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR). The EAO and the biofilms incorporated with different aliquots of it showed antioxidant capacity against the DPPH radical (respectively 62% and about 45-85.5%), in addition to phenolic content justifying such action, however, they were not antimicrobial to P. aeuruginosa, E. coli and S. aureus. Color analysis (L*) revealed a tendency towards light colors, with the control biofilm (sodium alginate/xanthan) having yellowish tones. The FTIR absorbance values were (cm-1 ): 3422-3340, 2972, 1602, 1600, 1413, 1029, 950 and 81, confirming the chemical groups characteristic of the polymers used and the chemical interactions of the components. The average thickness of the films was 0.1 mm, and the tensile strength (𝜎_𝑅𝑈) changed according to the concentration of EAO incorporated. Preliminary results indicate that the biocomposites developed in this work have behaviors and functions that will allow them to be used as active food packaging.)

Neglected diseases are responsible for causing morbidity and mortality worldwide, being prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries. Among these diseases, Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, and Human African Trypanosomiasis, caused by T. brucei gambiense or T. brucei rhodesiense, constitute public health problems, mainly in countries in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa, respectively. Pharmacological therapies currently employed in the treatment of such diseases have problems of efficacy, toxicity, and/or resistance. In this context, it is necessary to invest in the discovery of more effective drugs against these diseases. Cruzain (CRZ) from T. cruzi and a cathepsin L-
like enzyme (TbrCATL) from T. brucei are cysteine proteases considered promising targets for the development of new compounds with trypanocidal activity, since they play vital roles in these parasites. Coumarin analogs have been reported as promising trypanocidal agents. Therefore, this study aims to develop rationally designed coumarins aimed at inhibiting these cysteine proteases from the T. cruzi and T. brucei protozoa. Thus, to discover potential inhibitors of such targets, the vFBDD technique was initially applied, which made it possible to obtain a coumarin- thiosemicarbazone derivative (FN-27), as the most active molecule against such proteases, CRZ (IC50: 14.4 μM ± 0.02) and TbrCATL (IC50: 2.0 μM ± 0.6), in addition to exhibiting effective activity against cells infected by T. cruzi amastigotes (EC50: 11.7 μM). At the same time, a coumarin-chalcone analog (FN-10) with promising activity against T. brucei trypomastigotes (EC50: 4.8 μM ± 0.15) was also obtained, but it did not demonstrate activity against CRZ or TbrCATL. Additionally, from molecular docking studies, in which FN-27 was considered as a positive control, a series of new coumarins was planned, structural modifications, and subsequent biological evaluation. Finally, it is expected, at the end of this work, to produce potentially active molecules against the T. cruzi and T. brucei parasites, through enzymatic inhibition, as well as to help in the development of future drug prototypes

In recent years, scientific interest has grown in the synthesis of p-n heterojunctions for photocatalytic applications and a good candidate for photocatalyst is SnO2 because it is stable, non-toxic and economically viable. However, tin oxide when used individually in reactions photocatalytic plants may present internal recombinations and these recombinations are not favorable because they prevent the reaction from proceeding. SnO2 when combined with oxides of lower bandgap energy tend to form semiconductor heterojunctions, which have the ability to narrow the tin oxide bandgap and possibly decrease recombination rates internal processes, culminating in an improvement in reaction performance. The literature has reported the preparation of SnO2/CuO heterojunctions that have potential for energetic activation by visible light. The objective of this work was to insert Cu2+ ions into the SnO2 structure, creating p-n heterojunctions and to monitor the crystalline, electronic, surface and photocatalytic properties of the materials. The pure SnO2 and CuO oxides were obtained by the precipitation method, the heterojunctions were obtained by the coprecipitation method with 5, 15 and 25% of Cu2+ and characterized by several techniques in order to know their physicochemical characteristics. XRD revealed that the insertion of copper changes the structure of SnO2 to the crystallinity of the sample, since when increasing the content of Cu2+ cations by 5, 15 and 25%, a decrease in the crystallite size of 9.23, 7.45 and 7.13, respectively. The increase in structural defects causes a decrease in the crystallinity of the materials, this decrease is correlated with the increase in the surface area determined by the N2 physisorption analysis by the B.E.T method. It was inferred through
diffuse reflectance spectroscopy that the insertion of Cu2+ to SnO2 creates additional levels of energy in the bandgap of heterojunctions, as it was noted the emergence of a new absorption band located at 750 nm, accompanied by a shift to the red region of the spectrum, the estimated bandgap values decreased with increasing copper content, reaching 2.3; 2.0 and 1.5 eV for the heterojunctions SnO2/CuO 5%, SnO2/CuO 15%, SnO2/CuO 25%, respectively. The photocatalysts synthesized in this work were applied in the photodegradation of methylene blue (cationic dye) and eosin Y (anionic dye). The reaction results obtained reveal that crystallinity is a determining factor in the photocatalytic activity of this system, as the materials with the highest degree of crystallinity, SnO2 and SnO2/CuO 5%, obtained greater reaction efficiency against the photodegradation of methylene blue, 55 and 53%, when compared to 37, 37, 17% of the SnO2/CuO 15%, SnO2/CuO 25% and CuO materials, respectively. The SnO2 and SnO2/CuO 5% materials also showed greater reaction efficiency in the photodegradation of eosin Y, 77 and 69%, compared to 51, 38 and 30% of the SnO2/CuO 15%, SnO2/CuO 25% and CuO materials, respectively. However, the results of this work show that investigating the photocatalytic properties of SnO2, CuO and p-n SnO2/CuO heterojunctions can positively influence the design of efficient materials for heterogeneous photocatalysis induced by visible light

Glycation, also known as the Maillard reaction, is a non-enzymatic reaction that occurs in the biological environment or in foods between sugars and nucleophilic groups of biomolecules. One of the consequences of glycation is the formation of AGEs that can permanently alter the structure and function of proteins through post-translational modifications that can lead to misfolding, accumulation and finally the formation of amyloid aggregates. These aggregates, in turn, are related to neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Prion and Parkinson's. the percentage of glycated blood used to assess the average serum glucose concentration over the last 3 to 4 months. Hemoglobin is a heme protein whose main function is to provide oxygen to various body tissues, glycation, however, can compromise its main function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the progression of hemoglobin (Hb) glycation through the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), structural changes in the Soret band, and the formation of Hb aggregates, from the interaction with the thioflavin T probe (ThT) and with the Congo red probe, considering using glucose and fructose as the reducing sugars in the glycation process of Hb. From these studies, it is possible to notice that such alterations occurred in such a way that it was possible to perceive that the system in which hemoglobin was glycated by fructose presented greater formation of AGEs, since fructose is a much more reactive reducing sugar than glucose. And in the system treated with piceathanol, it was possible to observe its protective effect on hemoglobin from alterations caused by reducing sugars in its structure, as well as an AGE inhibition capacity of 88.99% at a concentration of 300 µM. The present study aims to evaluate a pure phenolic compound as an inhibitor of hemoglobin glycation and maintenance of its native structure.

Sexual crimes are those that threaten sexual dignity and freedom, characterized as a form of violence with a higher incidence of female gender. In this way, the identification of biological fluids such as blood, saliva and semen is one of the crucial steps in the analysis of crime scenes or samples for forensics. The presence of seminal fluid (semen) on the victim or on clothing, for example, may constitute criminal evidence. Semen has a complex composition, however, the enzyme acid phosphatase (AP) can be used as a marker, since it has concentrations in seminal fluid up to 400 times higher compared to other body fluids. In this sense, the objective is to develop a methodology with colorimetric detection of AP using a small amount of sample, being able to be used in the field, with a quick and selective response, thus helping to confirm evidence of sexual crimes. The proposed method is based on the detection of AP using ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP) as substrate, which, in the presence of the enzyme, releases inorganic phosphate and reduced ascorbic acid (AAr) at pH 5.0, which is used to detect the enzyme in the medium. In this case, AAr reacts with Fe(III) ions leading to the formation of Fe(II) and oxidized ascorbic acid (AAo). Therefore, the reaction of Fe(II) ions generated in situ with K3[Fe(CN)6] in acid medium was explored, leading to the formation of Prussian blue (PB) (Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3), a dark blue colloid (λ = 710 nm). The use of PB as a colorimetric probe with λmax > 500 nm avoids possible spectral interference due to the composition of complex samples. Initially, the main reaction parameters were optimized using AAr, under the best analytical performance conditions Fe(III) at 1.5 µM and K3Fe(CN)6 at 1.5 mM were used, both in 0.45 M HNO3. to improve the stability of the PB generated, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) 0.20% (w/v) was used. Then, the optimized conditions in the detection of AP were applied, using AAP (0.75 mM) as substrate at pH 5.0 (HAc/NaAc, 100 mM). Under these conditions, an analytical curve for AP was obtained, with a linear range from 0.50 to 3.0 U L-1 , corresponding to the equation A710 nm = 0.32×CAP + 0.016 (n = 8, r = 0.9964) and LOD = 0.004 U L - 1 , waiting for a time of 45 minutes. As a proof of concept, the method was successfully applied on a real semen sample (CAAE: 58121322.7.0000.5013) for a qualitative evaluation after semen dilution in solution, applied on the surface of a tissue (cotton), swab and on the analytical device paper-based (PAD), among the analyzes the PAD presented better condition since it was possible to monitor the intensity of the color using the volume of 0.5 µL of the sample. In addition, the method was evaluated with possible interferences such as saliva, blood, urine, lubricant, egg white, tomato sauce, pineapple juice and milk, for this test the tomato sauce presented the values closest to the seminal sample, due to tomatoes being rich in ascorbic acid. Finally, the proposed method proved to be applicable in different situations, including a double response of the system in relation to acid phosphatase enzyme as well as reduced ascorbic acid, being an alternative to use in field applications, and contributing to a quick decision making when necessary.

Forensic science covers different areas of knowledge, among which we highlight and will address specifically chemistry. The growing interest in forensic science is due to television series that explore the stages of the investigative process through the work of criminal experts who use tools and demonstrate the performance of analyzes that collaborate to elucidate crimes. With the state of the pandemic in recent years, it has been observed that the teaching-learning process has been greatly affected, since the closure of educational units and, consequently, the suspension of all school activities, make it difficult for students in their final years to access university. from highschool. The academic debate about methodological approaches that contribute to the teaching and learning of chemistry is common, therefore, it is feasible to explore the curiosity around forensic science to introduce these students to the academic daily life through scientific research, demonstrating in practice the steps of development of materials that can bring benefits to society relating to contents previously discussed in chemistry classes, providing access to different analysis techniques and modern equipment that are not easily accessible, such as the scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition to knowing its functionality, through the MEV students can visualize the minutiae of the work carried out. This work has sought to develop an alternative latent fingerprint developer to existing commercial developers, also using them in experimental chemistry classes in basic education. The selected powders went through a process of standardization and subsequent characterization, after the analyzes it was verified the potential of these materials as developers on the different surfaces tested. After this first stage, an exhibition was held for high school students from public schools in Alagoas with the execution of latent fingerprint development experiments. In this moment of interaction with the students, a daily problem situation was exposed, through which the chemical interactions that occur in the process of developing fingerprints were discussed, relating theory and practice. Thus, in addition to producing low-cost and toxic revealing material, it will also be possible to contribute to the teaching-learning process of chemistry using research, experimentation and forensic science as a methodological approach.

Termites, considered pests in some societies, may represent a source of nutrients for agricultural application, due to the presence of organic matter derived from the action of organisms decomposers. The soil, type of vegetation and organisms directly influence the characteristics of this material. In this sense, the present work aimed to extract and characterize the organic matter

present in mounds of pasture termite mounds in two cities in the rural area of Alagoas, São Sebastião and Great Fair. Studies were carried out on the physical-chemical composition of the soil that makes up the mounds of the termite mounds. The analyzes consisted of determining the pH in water, the organic matter of the samples was determined by the calcination method. The organic matter content was significant in all samples, highlighting the termite mound soils of São Sebastião (12.8%) and the termite mound of Feira Grande (9.15%), which showed higher average organic matter content when compared to the other soil samples. What directly influenced the increase in cation exchange capacity. The micro, macronutrients and species Metallic concentrations were determined in soil samples by plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. microwave induced (MP-AES) and physical attributes (soil texture, soil bulk density, particles, total porosity) and the extraction of humic substances occurred by the method adopted by International Society of Humic Substances (IHSS). The characterization of samples of substances humic samples was carried out by ultraviolet spectroscopy in the visible region and spectroscopy in the Fourier Transform Infrared – FTIR. Absorbance readings were taken at 270nm, 407nm, 465nm and 665nm, through the E4/E6 ratio, the E2/E4 ratio. It showed that humic substances showed humification aromatic characteristics, the E2/E4 ratio indicated the presence of structures porphyrins in the samples of humic substances studied. Therefore, the present research becomes relevant in order to obtain a more in-depth knowledge about the organic matter of mounds of termite mounds in pastures in the wild of Alagoas for agricultural application, mainly in regions subject to desertification like the Alagoas wild.

The planning of drug candidate compounds is an important strategy of Medicinal Chemistry for the discovery of alternative sources in the treatment of several pathologies, such as anxiety disorders (TA). Problems related to TA affect thousands of people worldwide and benzodiazepines stand out as drugs of first choice for treatment. These facts inspired the elaboration of this research work, with the following objectives: to synthesize palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes containing benzodiazepine ligands – Diazepam (DZP), Bromazepam (BMZ), Alprazolam (APZ) –, in order to evaluate how their biological activities are combating anxiety and oxidative stress. Seventeen metal complexes have been synthesized, most of them organometallic derived from benzodiazepine compounds with yields considered moderate to good. Some of the complexes were obtained from other benzodiazepine complexes, generally dimeric, employing reactions such as substitution and addition of ligands and insertion of alkynes in complexes containing Pd-C bond. Using these strategies, compounds with two bioactive ligands (hybrids) were prepared. For example, Pd(II) complexes were prepared from the [(DZP)PdOAc]₂ dimer containing, in addition to the benzodiazepine pharmacophoric group, the ligands derived from isonicotinic (AI) and nicotinic (AN) acids. The isolated metal complexes were well characterized by spectroscopic techniques, except those modified by reactions of insertion of alkynes in the metal-carbon bond, which although pure need further characterization for the proper determination of their structure. Tests to verify the antioxidant capacity of the obtained complexes demonstrated promising results, with emphasis on the [(BMZ)PdCl₂] complex. It is worth mentioning that studies to assess the antioxidant activity of these compounds are important, since in cases of TA high levels of oxidative stress may be associated. The anxiolytic evaluation studies of the [(DZP)PdCl]₂ complex showed an anxiolytic effect at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg (0.176 µmol/kg), for the elevated plus maze test (EPM), not promoting changes in the locomotor activity and no amnesic effect at this administered dose. Finally, the results obtained in the EPM demonstrate that the anxiolytic-like effect promoted by the complex is mediated via the GABAA receptor.

The inhibition of urease activity can be explored in several areas, and mainly in the clinical and agricultural context. Thus, efforts have been made to develop effective inhibitors for this purpose. Thus, this work proposes to evaluate the activity of julolidine and amino acid derivatives (with thiourea nucleus) as in vitro urease inhibitors. Enzyme inhibition studies indicated that the RS12-J2 derivative of the julolidine class acted as a competitive inhibitor, while the other derivatives as mixed inhibitors. By molecular fluorescence, it was verified that the Kb values (binding constant) obtained indicate an intermediate to strong binding force, with the RS12 derivatives (J1 and J2) showing the highest Kb values (0.10 - 7.33× 106 M-1). The quenching mechanism of this process was preferably static. Hydrophobic interactions were the predominant forces in the stabilization of the enzyme-ligand complex for the RS11 derivatives (ΔH > 0 and ΔS > 0), and van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds (ΔH < 0 and ΔS < 0) for the RS12 derivatives. Using the RS12-J2 derivative as a model, it was verified in the 3D fluorescence, UV-vis and synchronized fluorescence studies that the interaction process led to alteration in the native structure of the enzyme and the microregion close to the Tyr residue (active site) was more affected, corroborating with the study of interaction with Ni(II) cations by molecular absorption spectroscopy (complex formation). Through competition studies, it was proved that the RS12-J2 derivative acts in the active site of the enzyme. The study of resonant energy transfer (FRET) indicated that there was non-radiative energy transfer. The evaluation of the inhibitory potential of the RS12-J1 and RS12-J2 compounds on soil ureases showed that the RS12-J2 derivative showed equivalent efficiency to the NBPT (commercial inhibitor) for soils S1 and S4, which have a high content of organic matter. Finally, in studies using molecular docking, it was observed that the orientation of the dihydrofuran ring plays an essential role in the coordination involving the free electron pair of the oxygen atom of the dihydrofuran ring and the Ni(II) ions. For the amino acid derivatives, the values of the inhibitory concentration (IC50) were initially determined to evaluate the potential of these compounds to inhibit the activity of Jack bean urease (model), obtaining values between 0.37 - 0.74 µM, however, the influence of enantioselectivity was not verified, and of the organic matter since the values did not differ statistically at a confidence level of 95%, this trend was also obtained in the interaction studies for the Kb values. Thermodynamic parameters indicated a spontaneous process. The possible intermolecular interactions involved in the process of interaction between urease and the derivatives 110-L, 110-D, 110 ac-L, 110 ac-D and 116 were van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds, for the derivatives 106 ac -L and 106 ac-D were the hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, the occurrence of static quenching was observed, and that there was no influence of ionic strength on the interaction process at a confidence level of 95%, with the exception of compound 110-L. The 3D fluorescence and UV-vis studies indicated changes in the secondary structure after the interaction process, in which there was non-radiative energy transfer. The study by synchronized fluorescence indicated that derivatives 110 ac-L, 110 ac-D and 116 bind to the microregion close to the Tyr residue. Derivatives 110-L and 110-D interact close to Trp residues. The competition study indicated that amino acid derivatives competed for the active site, in the presence of classical inhibitors, corroborating the study of interaction with Ni(II) cations by molecular absorption spectroscopy. In tests using soil samples, it was observed that for all soils, derivatives were more potent when compared to NBPT. Thus, derivatives of julolidines and derivatives of amino acids showed inhibition of urease activity in vitro, and in soil samples, being possible potent urease inhibitors.

The development of new analytical methodologies for the
determination of species of clinical and biological interest are
constant demands. Therefore, this work describes a method for
determining thimerosal (TM) in vaccines using paper-based
analytical devices (PADs) as an analytical platform with
colorimetric detection. TM is an organic mercury compound that
is quantitatively converted to Hg(II) after oxidation by KMnO4 in
an acidic medium, and this reacts with dithizone to generate a
colored complex. The proposed method presented a limit of
detection of 0.5 mg L -1 and a linear range of 1.5 - 11 mg L-1
with a relative standard deviation (RSD) &lt; 3.6%, being selective
for quantification of thimerosal in the presence of species
commonly found in vaccines such as Al(III), Na+ , K+ , Cl- , and
sulfate, and phosphate salts. The method was applied to
determine TM in different vaccines, with 89 to 112% recoveries.
The results obtained were statistically in agreement with the
reference procedure based on microwave digestion and the
determination of total mercury by cold vapor atomic
fluorescence spectroscopy (CV AFS). The proposed method for
determining TM as total inorganic mercury was simple, fast, low-
cost, accurate, and environmentally friendly (green); due to
providing low reduced waste generation, besides, is amenable
to application in vaccine quality control. In this other work, a
simple, fast and precise method was developed for the 

determination of total proteins, as a function of the concentration
of human serum albumin (HSA) in biological samples, using a
fluorescent probe derived from heptamethine cyanine (SHP)
based on the off- on with near infrared (NIR) emission. The
proposed method was based on the absence of free probe
fluorescence (SHP), however, the complex formed with the
protein (HSA-SHP) shows high emission in NIR (λex = 580 nm /
λem = 674 nm) under optimized conditions (pH 8.0 in 10 mM
PIPES buffer). The stoichiometry of the HSA-SHP complex was
defined as 1:1 applying Job&#39;s method. The linear range of the
method was 0.05 to 6.0 µM (equivalent to 3.4 - 408 mg L-1 )
with a detection limit of 0.014 µM (0.95 mg L-1 ) and RSD &lt; 3.6
%, being selective for quantification of HSA in the presence of
species commonly found in biological samples such as metal
ions, fatty acids, glucose, and amino acids. Finally, the
methodology developed was applied to determine SAH in
plasma and urine samples, with recoveries from 91 to 118%,
and the results obtained were statistically in agreement (α =
0.05) with the Bradford method (method of reference). Thus, the
proposed method for the determination of total proteins as a
function of HSA, proved to be versatile and amenable to
application in the determination of total proteins.

Brazilian agriculture, driven by technological advances and environmental concerns, is becoming an important engine of development. Research is being carried out to harness non-commercial raw materials such as lignocellulosic biomass to produce useful enzymes through solid-state fermentation (FES) with fungi such as Pleurotus djamor PLO13. Two of these enzymes, proteases and endoglucanases, have applications in diverse industries and are widely produced globally. Therefore, the present research aims to produce, purify, characterize and evaluate possible biotechnological applications of the protease and endoglucanase enzymes from the solid state fermentation process with the fungus P. djamor PLO13. Initially, a screening of four agro-industrial residues (BCA, FC, CA and FT) was carried out as support for the growth of the fungus, and FT proved to be the most efficient after 120 hours of cultivation. Subsequently, enzymatic assays were carried out to analyze the presence of protease and endoglucanase in the extract, and both were detected. The crude enzyme extract reached its maximum caseinolytic activity after 120 hours of cultivation. The specificity of the protease was analyzed in relation to the substrates tested and its inhibition in the presence of specific inhibitors, which allowed it to be classified as a serine protease similar to metal iondependent elastase-2-like, with a specific activity of 3,976 U.mg −1. This enzyme demonstrated high efficiency in the coagulation of pasteurized whole and reconstituted skimmed milk, both in the presence and absence of calcium, even at room temperature. The coagulation process was influenced by factors such as temperature, time and calcium concentration, which were thoroughly analyzed. As for the endoglucanase present in the crude extract, it was classified as halotolerant and halophilic and had an optimum temperature and pH of 50 °C and 5.0, respectively. Furthermore, it remained stable under conditions of 40 to 60 °C and pH 4.0 to 10.0, as well as in the presence of surfactant agents, such as SDS, triton X-100, Tween 40 and Tween 80. Its enzymatic activity it was activated in the presence of EDTA, Na+, ethanol, propanone, dichloromethane, dinitromethane, urea and β-mercaptoethanol, while Mg2+, Ca2+ and Cu2+, methanol and heptane reduced or inactivated it. For the purification of endoglucanase, an organic fractionation process followed by anion exchange chromatography was used. During this process, an enzyme with a molecular mass of approximately 26 kDa was purified and showed a remarkable recovery of 110%. Pure endoglucanase showed excellent performance in terms of temperature and pH, with optimum values of 50 °C and 5.0, respectively. Furthermore, it was stable over a wide range of temperatures, ranging from 30 to 70 °C, and pH, ranging from 3.0 to 10.0. This remarkable stability under varying conditions makes it especially valuable in industrial processes and it has been classified as halotolerant and halophilic. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity was activated by the presence of EDTA and Mn2+, while the presence of Mg2+ inhibited its activity. In terms of enzymatic kinetics, the enzyme exhibited a Km of 0.0997 ± 0.0063 mg/ml and a Vmax of 0.1122 ± 0.00109 mol/min/mL, indicating its effectiveness in the hydrolysis of specific substrates. These results indicate a high potential for industrial application for these enzymes, especially in the dairy, second-generation ethanol production and detergent manufacturing sectors, due to their stability under a wide range of conditions.

Nitrones are known for their ability to capture radicals and consequently reduce oxidative stress, making them
promising synthetic antioxidants with high therapeutic potential. They are being studied for the treatment of various
pathologies, such as cancer, stroke, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, including neglected tropical diseases.
Since the molecular mechanism of biological action of this group of compounds is not yet fully elucidated, the present
work investigated the electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and spectrophotometric behavior of synthetic nitrones,
derivatives and precursors. In addition, their antioxidant capacity was evaluated by spectroscopic methods of FRAP
(Ferric reducing/antioxidant power) and antioxidant capacity against the DPPH• radical (2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydralazine). Cyclic (CVs) and differential pulse (DPVs) voltammograms on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) were
recorded in an aprotic medium (acetonitrile + 0.1 M TBAPF6) in order to mimic the lipophilic biological environments
and obtain data on the mechanism of reduction, oxidation, analysis of electrogenerated intermediates, in the
perspective of contributing to the elucidation of their molecular mechanisms of biological action. The pnitrobenzaldehyde and 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde standards were studied electrochemically under the same conditions. All
compounds studied showed electrochemical activity in the cathodic bands of the voltammograms. The LQB-109 and
LQB-123 nitrones showed similar behavior, with irreversible reduction waves and a potential more negative than -2.0
V, relative to the nitrone reduction. As for the compounds LQB-569, LQB-303, LQB-484, LQB-304 and LQB-534 that
have double redox function, that is, nitrone group and nitro group, peaks characteristic of both were observed. When compared to the standards (compounds that have only the nitrone group or only the nitro group), it is noted that the
nitraromatic group is reduced first in a reversible monoelectronic transfer. The spectroelectrochemical investigation for
the nitronitrone LQB-303 revealed a decrease in the absorbance of some absorption bands and the emergence of new
ones, during the application of cathodic potentials, which suggest the reduction of nitronitrone and formation of its
reduction products. In the investigation of the antioxidant capacity, the values of the percentage of radical scavenging
activity (%RSA) for the DPPH• radical ranged from 10.14 - 37.25% inhibition, while the FRAP values ranged from
126.86 - 196, 84 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/mol of compound. In the analysis of the optical properties of these
compounds using UV-Vis spectroscopy, all compounds showed absorptions in the UV-Vis region between 190 - 900
nm. The interaction between DDQ and LQB-109 revealed the emergence of new bands in the region 400 – 600 nm,
suggesting the formation of the charge transfer complex. Electrochemical methods proved to be adequate in the redox
study of nitrones, derivatives and precursors and were correlated with leishmanicidal activities, mainly for the
nitronitrones LQB-303 and LQB-484, which were significantly leishmanicidal, with low toxicity

Currently, hydrogen (H₂) is a promising alternative to non-fossil fuels, due to its good energy properties. Being a gaseous substance with defined physicochemical properties, its storage and transport become difficult. Therefore, the use of metal hydride complexes is a good option due to its ease of generating H₂, in this case sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) is one of the most studied and promising metal hydrides due to its high H₂ storage capacity (10, 8% by weight), stability in alkaline solution at room temperature and safety in operational uses, in addition, the NaBH₄ hydrolysis reaction generates the hydrogen product (H₂) and the sodium metaborate by-product (NaBO₂), which are not contaminants. Additionally, the generation of H₂ can be more efficient when using catalysts such as: homogeneous catalysts, acid and metal complexes or heterogeneous catalysts, including metal-based and metal-free catalysts. The most viable catalyst for this dehydrogenation process is Double Lamellar Hydroxide (DLH), as it is highly stable in alkaline solutions, easy to produce and low cost, and can also be used as a support for catalysts. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of an DLH and DLH doped with cobalt and cerium as a catalyst for the hydrolysis reaction of sodium borohydride to generate hydrogen. In this study, DLH from Mg/Al was synthesized and doped with cobalt (Co) and cerium (Ce) through the co-precipitation method with Mg/Al = 2 and Co/Ce = 3.25 ratios. The efficiency of the Co-Ce/DLH catalyst was evaluated by the volume of pure H₂ generated, measured through the volume of water displaced from an inverted beaker filled with water, evaluating the effects of the 4 variables: concentration of NaBH₄, dosage of the catalyst Co- Ce/DLH, NaOH concentration and reaction temperature. For this, a solution of NaBH₄ and NaOH was prepared, at the concentrations mentioned above, for a volume of 20 mL of deionized water, using Co-Ce/DLH as a catalyst. As soon as the reaction started, the volume of hydrogen generated was determined as a function of time, with the final volume being 100 mL. The catalysts were characterized by: Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The shortest catalytic reaction time obtained was 3.25 minutes and the highest H₂ generation rate was 52.54 mL/min for a concentration of 0.198 M NaBH4 and 0.94 M NaOH using 0.1 g of Co -Ce/DLH. The reaction order was zero for the range of NaBH₄ concentration (0.066M – 0.198M), therefore, it will not depend on the amount of NaBH₄, since for each iteration the final catalytic times are similar, which means they are close and the reaction became faster when Co-Ce/DLH and NaOH were added, affecting only reaction times. The activation energy was 34.44 kJ/mol, a low value which confirms that the reaction is temperature sensitive, but for values above 52.05 kJ/mol reported in previous works it is considered a high value, therefore the reaction needs more energy to take place and the main assumption is that the reaction is not temperature sensitive. The reaction mechanism follows the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model which takes place on the surface of the catalyst. The reuse of the catalyst showed good stability and catalytic activity within the 7 cycles studied. The characterizations of the catalysts showed the differences of HDL and Co-Ce/DLH, thus confirming that by adding the metals Co and Ce after the synthesis of HDL, the catalytic doping was successful, achieving the desired structure and chemical composition. Therefore, NaBH₄ is a good H₂ storage material, because even at minimal NaBH₄ concentrations, high H₂ generation rates were obtained and, additionally, the Co-Ce/DLH catalyst showed good catalytic results in the production of pure H₂. These results indicate that the material studied (Co-Ce/DLH) is promising to generate H₂ to feed a PEM-type fuel cell, in order to generate low-scale energy for electronic devices.

Currently, pathogens that have adapted to the changes imposed by nature continue to cause
extensive socioeconomic damage and, especially, to human health. One example is the
Neglected Tropical Diseases caused by viruses, such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya. These
arboviruses, in turn, emerge from zoonotic cycles, mostly transmitted by the arthropod Aedes
aegypti, where for Zika and Chikungunya no vaccine is available yet. Although there is a vaccine
for some serotypes of Dengue, the high expansion of the vector has caused increasing levels of
this disease in epidemic cycles every 3 to 5 years. Therefore, this work aimed to contribute to the
planning and development of molecules with potential biological action against the vector Aedes
aegypti through the Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction methodology and in silico studies to
understand the possible mode of action of such compounds. Thus, the results of the synthesis
were presented satisfactory yields, without the compounds were later submitted to larvicidal
evaluation, together with some MBH compounds made available through a partnership with an
external research group. Among these, 3 showed promising activity, especially methyl 2-([1,1'-
biphenyl]-4-yl(hydroxy)methyl)acrylate (3k). Furthermore, molecular docking studies were
conducted with the enzyme AaAChE, the main biological target in veto control, and other possible
biological targets, suggesting a possible multiple action. However, morphological analyses
suggest probable damage in organs in the thorax region responsible for the synthesis of the
peritrophic membrane, an essential component of the insect defense system. Thus, a
degenerative response was observed in the epithelial tissue in the abdomen region of the larva. In
summary, it is evident that MBH adducts are a promising class of compounds in the population
control of Aedes aegypti.

The residues generated by fruit growing, such as seeds, are rich in compounds of high nutritional value and
therapeutic. This study investigated the antioxidant, antidiabetic and antiglycant potential in vitro of extracts
ethanol content from seeds of Passiflora edulis from Alagoas (EPED1), P. edulis from Bahia (EPED2) and P. cincinnata
(EPCIN), an important by-product of the juice industry, along with one of its chemical constituents, the
piceatannol (PIC). Ten compounds were identified in the EESM, namely: piceatanol, astringin, scirpusin B,
scircpusin A and Isookanine-7-o-glycoside, naringenin-7-o-glycoside, tyrosine, phenylalanine and derivatives I and II of
of quadranguloside saponin. The extract IC50 values for the DPPH• and HOCl sequestration assays
showed the high antioxidant potential of all extracts and PIC when compared to quercetin (QCT).
Among all extracts, EPED1 exhibited the highest activity for α-amylase (IC50 of 32.1 ± 2.7 µg mL-1) and inhibition of
human recombinant enzyme DPP-4 (IC50 of 71.1 ± 2.6 µg mL-1), positive controls were acarbose (ACB, 0.40
± 0.05 µg mL-1) and sitagliptin (STG, 0.005 ± 0.001 µg mL-1), respectively. PIC stood out for inhibition of α-
glucosidase with IC50 of 76.0 ± 1.9 µg mL-1, the positive control, ACB had 251.6 ± 4.5 µg mL-1. The extracts and PIC
inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) in a dose-dependent manner through the method
of bovine serum albumin (BSA) glycation by reducing sugars or methylglyoxal (MGO). Furthermore, the training
of β-amyloid fibrils decreased as the sample concentration increased, reaching 100% inhibition
greater than 300 µg mL-1, except for EPCIN. This suggests that EPED1, EPED2 and PIC can prevent glycation. O
cell viability assay showed that EPED1 had no effect on normal bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B)
and alpha mouse liver (AML-12) up to 100 and 50 µg mL-1, respectively. Lower extract concentrations
(10 µg mL-1) were cytotoxic to non-malignant mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A). It was found that EPED1 and
PIC are able to protect cultured human cells from oxidative stress caused by the carcinogen NNKOAc
at 100 µM. This investigation collected some in vitro evidence of the potential use of P. edulis seeds as
an alternative for the treatment of diabetes, although more research is still needed.

The fruit borer, Cerconota anonella (Sepp., 1830), is a species belonging to the order Lepidoptera: Depressaridae,
and considered one of the most serious pests of plants from genus Annona. The significant damages caused to the
fruits are seen by the rotting of the pulp, in addition the attacked part is hardened and blackened, which reduces its
commercial value. In order to control this pest, methods such as bagging the unripe fruits using perforated bags are
used, but it is impracticable due to the high demand for labor. In addition, insecticides are used, however the high
toxicity of the compounds used on the environment and non-target organisms have led to an increase in the search 

for natural products free of toxicity and effective in controlling insect pests. Lectins - proteins or glycoproteins that
recognize carbohydrates and bind cells - isolated from plants have shown insecticidal activity and for this reason have
been extensively studied. The jenipapeiro (Genipa americana L.), belonging to the family Rubiaceae, originates from
Central America and is currently distributed in the tropical regions of several countries in America, Asia and Africa.
There are no records that this plant species is a target of Cerconota anonella, the present study aims to evaluate the
insecticidal activity of the extract, protein fraction and lectin extracted from Genipa americana bark against the fruit
borer. Therefore, it is intended to isolate and purify a lectin from the jenipapeiro bark, firstly preparing the crude
extract in Tris-HCl 50 mM, pH 8.0, from the bark of the plant, followed by saline precipitation with ammonium sulfate.
Subsequently, the fraction with the highest lectin activity will be subjected to liquid chromatography in a gel filtration
column. Once isolated, the insecticidal activity of the lectin against Cerconota anonella will be evaluated in behavioral
bioassays under laboratory conditions.

In recent years, there has been a growing ecological and global public health concern associated with environmental contamination by potentially toxic metals, as metal ions enter ecosystems as dissolved entities in water systems and fall into the category of human carcinogens, and non-toxic pollutants. biodegradable, resulting in harmful effects on health, genetics, nutrition and ecosystems. Among all water contamination, heavy metal ions, such as Hg2+ and Pb2+, can cause serious health problems in animals and humans, such as cancer, liver dysfunction, endocrine and nervous system disorders, among others. other problems. Several analytical methods have been reported for the determination of these metals, including electrochemical, spectrophotometric and fluorescence. Although these methods are suitable for the determination of these analytes in different samples, they have some disadvantages, including high cost and reagent consumption, laborious operation, complex equipment and trained professionals. Thus, methods that overcome these disadvantages are necessary and required. Paper-based analytical microdevices (µPADs) have emerged as a powerful tool for presenting features such as low cost, portability, low reagent consumption and ease of use. Thus, in this work, an analytical device based on on-site test paper for the simultaneous determination of Hg2+ and Pb2+, in natural water samples from the São Francisco River in the riverside town of Penedo is presented. The µPADs were associated with colorimetric detection, based on the reaction between the analytes in question and the dithizone colorimetric probe, generating a color proportional to the concentration of this metal. It was observed that the system behaves better at pH = 9.0, with a boric acid buffer solution. In addition, the influence of the color channels of the R, G, B and RGB scales was studied in this work, it was observed that for the method proposed in this work the red channel presented the best result for both metals. In the linearity assessment, the values of the red channel had a correlation greater than 0.991 for mercury and 0.989 for lead. The detection limit determined was 0.99 µg/mL and the quantification limit was 3.0 µg/mL, with a linear range of 1 – 20 µg/mL for mercury. For lead, the detection limit found was 0.74 µg/mL with a quantification limit of 2.25 µg/mL, with a linear range of 1-25 µg/mL.

Glyphosate (GLI) is a pesticide used around the world that has potential damage to health, its determination
involves high cost. It is important to develop low-cost methods for its determination. The objective of this work is the
development of an electrochemical sensor for GLI. GLI does not present an electrochemical signal, aiming at indirect
detection, its interaction with dopamine (DOPA) was evaluated by UV-vis spectrophotometry and electrochemical
techniques, these used a glassy carbon electrode (CV) and this one was modified with a multiwalled carbon nanotube
(CV -NTC), the best medium for analysis was evaluated (buffers: acetate pH=4.5; phosphate pH=7; borate pH=10).
Aiming at sensitivity to the system, the use of simonkolleite nanoparticles (SK) was analyzed, in addition to SK
containing Ag: 0.1% and 1%. For the development of the GLI sensor, the use of DOPA proved to be viable, proposing
a mechanism for the interaction involved. The use of CV electrode showed adsorptive mass transport, being relevant
the modification with NTC, regarding the use of different pH ranges, the use of pH=7, presented greater sensitivity,
making it the best option among the evaluated ranges. The use of SK provided greater sensitivity to the system, while
the use of SK containing Ag promoted a reduction in signal intensity, indicating that the use of SK is more interesting to
the system. The use of a CV-NTC electrode allowed the development of a sensitive method with a linear correlation
coefficient of 0.9937, detection limit of 0.1971 ppb and quantification limit of 0.6571 ppb.

Tribolium castaneum, an insect belonging to the order Coleoptera, is an important agent that causes great economic damage to
grain stored in South America. To control this pest, more efficient methods are sought, less toxic to the environment and compatible
with the volume of stored. Extracts and lectins isolated from plants have shown insecticidal properties to different orders of insects
and for this reason have been studied by several research groups. Brazil has the largest native bamboo forest diversity in the
Americas. Among the identified species, Guadua angustifolia is a fast-growing grass that offers raw materials explored in the areas
of landscaping and civil construction. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the effect of extract and lectin isolated from the stem
of G. angustifolia in adult insects of T. castaneum. For this, the crude extract was prepared in 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0 of the sprayed
bamboo stem. Subsequently, phytochemical analysis, protein quantification, and identification of the presence of lectin was
performed. The antioxidant potential of the extract was evaluated. Then, the extract (25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg) was evaluated for
insecticidal activity, analyzing the nutritional parameters and survival rate of the insects treated during the 30-day bioassay. To isolate the lectin from G. angustifolia (GaL), it was proposed to treat the crude extract with ammonium sulfate, followed by chitin column
chromatography. GaL was evaluated by denaturing electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The extract showed important secondary
metabolites such as the presence of flobafenic tannins, flavones, flavonols, xanthones, flavonones, steroids and saponins, as well
as the sample showed an increase in the percentage of sequestration of the radical DDPH, with an increase in the concentration of
the sample (100 - 700 mg / ml). The extract at 50 mg showed a mortality rate of 50% of insects from T. castaneum, presenting a
deterrent activity (50 and 100 mg) in addition to exerting anti-nutritional effects on the conversion of biomass and insect growth. GaL
was isolated after eluting the chitin column with 1 M acetic acid, presenting itself as a protein with 18.4 kDa with hemagglutinating
activity inhibited by N-acetylglycosamide, maltose and fetuin. Thus, aqueous preparations of stem of G. angustifolia containing lectin
showed potential insecticide for the population control of T. castaneum.

Microbial enzymes are preferred for industrial and biotechnological applications because they have characteristics and functional capacity in extreme conditions, essential for these applications. These enzymes are used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, biodiesel, textile, detergent, etc. Microbial enzymes can be produced in liquid or solid bioprocesses, where residues can be used as a source of nutrients and inducers, agro-industrial residues and residual oils, for example. Agro-industrial waste is especially used in solid bioprocesses, in addition to reducing the cost of enzyme production, it collaborates with the reduction of environmental impacts caused by improper disposal. Since enzymes are expensive and the reduction of their production cost becomes necessary. Therefore, in this work we aim to produce fungal enzymes, lipases and proteases, in low-cost media, purify them and apply them. For this, in a screening with different strains of yeasts in a liquid bioprocess, the yeast Moesziomyces aphidis was selected as the best producer of lipase in a medium containing only residual frying oil and yeast extract for 48h. Different purification techniques were tested to precede the chromatography, namely precipitation with ammonium sulfate, ethanol, acetone, three-phase aqueous system and ultrafiltration. Ultrafiltration was chosen and the M. aphidis lipase was purified with only two steps, ultrafiltration and molecular exclusion chromatography (Sephacryl S-100), with 50% final recovery. In addition, the filament fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus was selected as a good producer of lipases and proteases in a solid bioprocess using wheat bran. The enzymes were partially purified in ammonium sulfate fractionation, separated into different fractions, which can be applied in chromatography and isolated separately. The resulting solid, after being
lyophilized, showed lipolytic activity and was applied in kinetic resolution reactions of racemates. The proteolytic activity of the crude enzymatic extract (BSE) was verified against the hydrolysis of the substrates azocasein and casein. The BSE also showed chymotrypsin and elastase activity. The effect of different protease inhibitors on enzyme activity suggests that the P. sanguineus protease is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease. The protease from P. sanguineus coagulated skimmed milk powder and whole liquid milk, without and with the addition of calcium. The best condition for clotting was 120 min and 50 °C. Coagulation increased with increasing time, temperature, calcium and enzyme concentration. This was the first P. sanguineus coagulant protease and the first filamentous fungus coagulant chymotrypsin-like serine protease, which showed potential to be applied in the food industry in milk coagulation and cheese making. The fermented solid with lipolytic activity also has the potential to be applied in the pharmaceutical industry. Here we also present the first M. aphidis lipase to be purified. Enzymes with high biotechnological value and produced in low-cost residual media.

The present work describes a new type of modification onto the electrode surface, whith carbontrimethoxysilane (VTMS), multi walled carbon nano tube (WCNT), iron nanoparticles (Fe3O4), silicon dioxide (SIO2) and 3 ,5 dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) as electrochemical mediator for ascorbic acid detection. The carbon nanotubes were grafted with vinitrimiethoxy silane (VTMS) in dimethylformamide (DMF) and the nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel method with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) to obtain the silicated iron nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2) . Aminopropyltriemethoxy silane (APTMS) was used for the fixation of the amine group onto the silicated iron nanoparticles,. Then, Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2 microspheres were added to the mixtures. Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2-DNS nanoparticles obtained after synthesis were deposited on the surface of the modified glassy carbon electrode. The first results showed a linear response (L.R) = 291 - 50 µM with sensitivity of 1,5 µA L µmol-1, , r= 0,9955, LOD 15 µM e LOQ de 50 µM

The development of Brazilian agriculture and agribusiness is one of the main sectors responsible for the country’s economic and social growth. This development leads to a significant increase in the waste generated during the process of production and industrialization, which may cause soil and water contamination when improperly disposed. Brazil is one of the main cassava producers in the world. However, the process of obtaining products from this culture brings concern about a large amount of waste generated. In addition, the anthropogenic activities are main responsible for environmental contamination, bringing constant concerns and challenges to the scientific community. The biochar from slow pyrolysis under controlled conditions is favorable in the transformation of waste into materials that serve as soil conditioners, and/or environmental remediation. Thus, this work aimed to produce and characterize biochar from cassava peel (agro-industrial residues) under different temperature conditions and evaluate interactions with Pb(II) and Ca(II) for agricultural and environmental applications. The biochar were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, in addition to determination of metallic species by microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, pH and zero charge point pH. To investigate the efficiency of the interaction of biochar with contaminant (Pb) and nutrient (Ca), the influence of pH and contact time were evaluated. The elemental analysis showed the influence of the pyrolysis temperature on the biochar characteristic. There was an increase in pH, pHzpc (zero point charge), and condensed aromatic structures in biochar, due to the increase in pyrolysis temperature. Also, biochar demonstrated a Pb(II) adsorbed amount of 2.03 to 2.37 mg g–1 and a Ca(II) release amount of 0.655 to 0.765 mg g–1 . The pseudo-second order kinetic model better described the kinetic behavior of both metal ions in the investigated adsorbent, the biochar from cassava peel. Among the adsorption isotherm models, the  Langmuir model better described the experimental data for Pb(II) and Ca(II) for biochar produced at lower temperatures (350 °C and 450 °C), while the Freundlich model, demonstrated better ability to describe Ca(II) adsorption for biochar produced at higher temperatures (500 °C and 550 °C). The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb(II) and Ca(II) were 37.27 mg g-1 and 16.31 mg g-1, respectively, being achieved with the biochar produced at the highest pyrolysis temperature (550 °C). The complexing capacity of the biochar was 37.60 mg g-1 to 39.11 mg g-1 for Pb(II) and from 8.66 mg g-1 to 14.21 mg g-1 for Ca(II). In this way, biochar produced from residues of cassava peel can be a viable strategy to enhance agricultural production and reduce environmental contaminants.

Amphobotrys ricini is a phytopathogenic fungus that infects the plant species known as castor bean. It is known that the fungus produces enzymes of biotechnological importance to colonize plants. Given the little knowledge about their secretion products, it is important to investigate their ability to produce proteases and ligninases. Objectives: To produce, partially isolate and characterize proteases and ligninases produced by A. ricini through solid-state cultures and propose applications for the enzymes obtained. Methodology: The fungus was cultivated on different agro-industrial residues and co-products, to define the best conditions for the production of proteases and ligninases, and from them, the enzymes were extracted and subjected to isolation techniques. The ligninases obtained had their dye discoloration potential measured and the proteases were subjected to activity tests on casein, collagen and milk coagulation. Results and Discussion: Among investigated ligninases, only laccases were found. The fungus was able to promote discoloration in microbiological medium containing bromophenol blue. Laccases were partially isolated by salt precipitation and ion exchange chromatography. Among the activities presented by the proteases, it was possible to confirm activity on casein, collagen and the ability to clot milk. The enzymes were partially purified by extraction in a biphasic aqueous system. Conclusions: The fungus is a producer of laccases capable of bleaching dyes, its caseinases can be applied in the manufacture of dairy products and the presence of collagenolytic activity was confirmed, which is of great importance in the food and pharmaceutical industry.

Urease catalyzes the urea hydrolysis to NH3 (g) and CO2 (g) and is associated with two main problems: (i) reduced efficiency of fertilizers, such as urea, due to nitrogen losses in agriculture and (ii) colonization of the human stomach by the bacteria H. pylori. Thus, the inhibition of urease presents itself as a promising alternative for minimizing these losses in the agricultural sphere and the development of technologies for agricultural or medicinal applications. Among the different compounds used as inhibitors, we can highlight natural derivatives of oil Moringa and synthetic compounds obtained quickly and at low cost, aiming at the replacement of NBPT (the only commercial urease inhibitor for agricultural purposes). On the other hand, the need to develop methods and devices for application in Point-of-Care for the evaluation of new inhibitors and the presence of H. pylori in human fluids, with contributions to the market for increased efficiency fertilizers and in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal infections. In this sense, this work is divided into two stages: the first deals with biophysical interaction studies and the second with the development of analytical methodologies related to urease. In part 1, the general objective is to evaluate the interaction between a benzylisothiocyanate (MFC) and benzoylthioureas (RTBs) with urease, from inhibition and enzymatic kinetics studies, interaction by molecular absorption in UV-vis, molecular fluorescence, spectrometry of masses, among others. The mechanism of inhibition of urease by MFC was studied by evaluating the reaction between the isothiocyanate present in MFC and thiol and amino groups present in urease, in addition to obtaining the binding parameters. As a result, the MFC showed an IC50 was 490 µM and is a mixed inhibitor against urease. Furthermore, in the soil, urease inhibition was better than classic hydroxyurea and thiourea inhibitors and inhibition equivalent to NBPT. In the evaluation by UV-vis and molecular fluorescence it was evident that the presence of MFC causes conformational changes in the urease structure with a binding constant (Kb) of 1.8 × 102 M-1 and stoichiometry (n) 1: 1, comparable other binders already described in the literature. For RTBs, the relationship between the binding constant, the IC50 and the number of carbons in the side chain was evaluated. It is observed that the increase in the side chain decreases the binding constant and increases the IC50, making it impossible to apply compounds with a greater aliphatic chain for this purpose. In part 2 of this project, the general objective is the development of methods for the quantification of urease using colorimetric reagent and fluorescent reagent for application in soil samples, inhibitors and biopsy. Regarding colorimetric reagents, a paper device (UrePAD) was developed to determine the activity of soil ureases and to evaluate classic inhibitors. The optimized parameters were: substrate concentration, type of buffer, buffer concentration, initial pH, indicator concentration, order of addition of reagents, volume of each reagent and total analysis time. The images were obtained from a bench scanner and the analysis performed by the Corel Draw X8 software. The device has a detection limit of 0.10 U mL-1 with linearity between 0.25 and 4.0 U mL-1 and a relative standard deviation less than or equal to 1.38%. The device was tested for four soil samples and for eight urease inhibitors of different classes. The results obtained by the device do not differ statistically (95% confidence interval) from the results obtained by the classic method of indophenol based on the Berthelot reaction, indicating that UrePAD is effective for determining urease activity and screening for inhibitors of this enzyme, indicating feasibility and technological innovation of this device.

Fluorescent sensors (SF) have stood out for presenting promising characteristics in the detection of several analytes. However, traditional SFs with a single emission channel may have some disadvantages, such as the influence of the microenvironment and concentration. In this context, the development of dual emission hybrid luminescent materials emerges as an excellent strategy for the design of new and advanced raciometric luminescent devices applied in several areas, including that of chemical and temperature sensors. In this perspective, for the first time, it was prepared through an ultrasound-assisted synthesis and mediated by the passive polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a double emission nanohybrid based on Carbon Dots (CDots) derived from chitosan and Europium-Organic Frameworks (CDots / EuBDC ) to be applied as a raciometric temperature and Cr (VI) sensor. The synthesized Cdots had an average size of 7.2 ± 2.2 nm and emission in the blue region with a maximum centered at 440 nm (λexc = 350 nm). The incorporation of these nanoparticles in situ to obtain CDots / EuBDC did not alter the crystalline structure of EuBDC as indicated in the XRD standards. In addition, CDots / EuBDC and EuBDC exhibited similar degrees of crystallinity (~ 50%). The incorporation of CDots in the formation of CDots / EuBDC was proven by the MET and porosimetry images, the latter technique indicated a significant percentage decrease in the volume and pore diameter of 42.1% and 24.3%, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis of the materials showed an increase in thermal stability for CDots / EuBDC. The photophysical properties of the nano-hybrid revealed the presence of a double emission, with a broadband centered at 420 nm associated with CDots and emission lines referring to the 5D0 → 7FJ transitions (J = 1, 2, 3 and 4) of the Eu ion (III ). The CDots / EuBDC system was explored as a cr (VI) raciometric luminescent sensor and temperature. The results of thermometry revealed that the emission of CDots (ICDots) decreased with increasing temperature, while that of europium (IEu; 5D0 → 7F2) remained constant (reference signal). The relationship between the intensities ratio (ICDots / IEu) and the temperature revealed that the CDots / EuBDC showed two linear ranges in the ranges of 303- 328 K and 333-393 K, with a maximum relative thermal sensitivity of 1.48% K-1 at 303 K and 1.75% K-1 at 333 K, respectively. In addition, preliminary tests for the use of CDots / EuBDC for the detection of Cr (VI) in Britton-Robinson buffer at 1 mM pH 9, presented a linear range of 0.03 to 0.15 mgL-1. Finally, CDots / EuBDC proved to be promising both for application in optical thermometry and for the detection of Cr (VI).

Lignocellulosic biomass represents an abundant and relatively low-cost renewable carbon resource that can be used to produce chemical inputs, such as levulinic acid (LA). This keto acid is a versatile platform for a wide variety of applications that can replace or complement fossil sources, which is desirable to improve global sustainability. Derivative esters of levulinic acid can be developed as promising additives to oxygenate fuels, which not only increases the efficiency of the engine, but also decreases gaseous and particulate emissions. Thus, the present work aims to evaluate catalytic systems based on tin (IV), compared to reactions without the use of catalyst, in the esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol (EtOH) to produce levulinate esters. Initially, the reactions were conducted at 70 º C in reaction times ranging from 0.25 to 6h with molar proportions of AL / EtOH / CAT of x / y / z, where x = 1, y = 5 and z = 0 , 01 and stirring speed of 1000 rpm. The experiments were carried out in closed glass reactors of the vial type. The quantification of the remaining levulinic acid in the reaction mixtures was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the results were expressed in terms of conversion (%) of the levulinic acid. The catalysts were characterized by absorption spectroscopy in the region of the middle infrared with Fourier transform (FTIR) and it was possible to confirm their chemical structures. The initial results showed that the organometallic butyl tin trichloride (BTC) complex showed better catalytic activity with 71.4% conversion of levulinic acid in 6 hours of reaction, under the conditions studied. Such efficiency may be associated with the increase in Lewis acidity in the metal center due to the presence of electronegative substituents and physical compatibility of the catalyst in the reaction medium.

Carbon dots (CDs) and quantum dots (QDs) are luminescent nanoparticles (NPs) extensively applied in the field of biological sensors. In this sense, the aim of this work was to synthesize and characterize a luminescent raciometric system based on chitosan C-Dots and CdTe Q-Dots for protamine detection. The results showed that the NPs exhibited spherical morphology and an average size of 8.14 and 9.17 nm for C-Dots and Q-Dots, respectively. The UV-vis absorption spectra exhibited characteristic bands around 200 and 300 nm (π-π* and n - π * transitions, respectively) and 550 nm for C-Dots and Q-Dots, respectively. The FTIR spectrum of C-Dots showed characteristic functional groups of the precursor material, which are related to vibrational stretching of oxygenated and nitrogen groups. The photophysical properties of C-Dots, indicated an excitation wavelength dependent emission (λexc), which exhibited maximum emission in the blue at 427 nm when excited at 350 nm. For the same λexc CdTe exhibited a maximum emission in the red at 624 nm. The hybrid nanomaterial (Q-Dots/C-Dots) obtained by mixing the C-Dots and Q-Dots NPs exhibited a dual emission with components centered at 427 nm and 624 nm, which were used for the detection (ON/OFF) assays of protamine. The surface charge of the nanoparticles characterized through zeta potential (ζ) exhibited for Q-Dots (negatively charged) and C-Dots (positively charged) - 45 and + 20 eV respectively. With this the proposed method is based on a ratiometric probe (dual emission) formed by the electrostatic interaction between C-Dots and Q-Dots. The suggested mechanism is based in general on the fluorescence suppression of the probe in the presence of protamine. Based on the thermodynamic parameters and the DLS assays it is suggested that the interaction mechanism occurred preferentially by electrostatic interactions between the Q-Dots (negatively charged) and the analyte (cationic protein), forming C-Dots-Q- Dots/protamine type aggregates and generating an ON-OFF system. The results obtained from DLS in the absence and presence of different concentrations of protamine evidenced that with increasing protamine concentration, the average size distribution increased from 45.16 to 96.18 nm for the concentrations of 0.01 and 0.2 mg L-1. respectively, reinforcing the idea of aggregate formation. The proposed method was performed using a 1:2 ratio referring to 25 μL C-Dots and 50 μL of Q-Dot, in which it obtained best results at pH 7 with 50 mM sodium citrate buffer. The ionic strength of the medium had an influence on the sensitivity up to 50 mM (NaCl).  The reaction waiting time for analysis was 25 min, and both the Q-Dots-PR and C-Dots-PR systems showed photostability for up to 2 h with continuous radiation exposure. Under the optimized conditions, the system showed a linear range of 0.025-0.8 mg L-1 protamine, with a limit of detection (LOD) equivalent to 0.017 mg L-1.  The determination of protamine was performed in synthetic urine samples and showed a recovery above 98 %. 

In this work, the catalytic potential of the MOF-type material (MOF-Metal Organic Framework), P1.MOF-Rh, in the catalysis of the terminal olefin hydroformylation reaction was evaluated through a computational study based on the density functional theory. All intermediates and transition states involved in the step of inserting the olefin into the Rh-H bond of the catalyst were properly characterized. The study was carried out considering the olefins: 1-propene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene and styrene. The energy results obtained at the BP86-D2/def-TZVP(PCM,)//BP86-D2/LanL2DZ-Rh/Binders:6-311G(d) level indicate that the selectivity of the reaction is already defined in the first step of the reaction, with the coordination of all olefins being thermodynamically favorable processes. The kinetic analysis of the reaction paths that lead to the formation of linear and branched products revealed that the catalyst P1.MOF-Rh is selective for the formation of the linear product in all cases studied, including the reaction with styrene, where the main catalysts used in hydroformylation mostly produce the branched product. Regardless of the olefin, the P1.MOF-Rh catalyst catalyzes the reaction with a high degree of selectivity ranging from 78-89% at 25°C. The results also indicate that this selectivity is not significantly affected by the increase in temperature. The analysis of the main contributions to the catalyst-olefin interaction energy in the respective transition states, linear and branched for each alkene, revealed that the chemical nature of the olefin is a fundamental factor for the selectivity of the reaction catalyzed by the P1.MOF-Rh material .

Expanding environmental studies is critical to understanding the crucial role the environment plays in population health. Inorganic contaminants, especially mercury, can accumulate in organs, which pose health risks. We showed in another study that fishermen (Exposed group) from Lagoa Mundaú (Maceió – Al) have higher concentrations of total mercury in blood (0.73 - 48.38 µg L-1 ) and urine (0.430 - 10.15 µg L-1 ) than the total mercury concentrations in the blood (0.29 - 17.30 µg L-1 ) and urine (0.210 - 2.65 µg L-1 ) of the control group. Our objective was to create metabolomic models capable of identifying the toxic effects of mercury found in the urine and blood of fishermen. Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance was used to determine urine and plasma metabolites. The results showed that the two metabolomic models were able to reveal patterns through principal component analysis (PCA), Heatmap and orthogonal least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). And the significant metabolites (biomarkers) were selected by the combination based on the volcano plot at a fold change limit (FC) > 2 and t test p-value limit < 0.05. Therefore, fishermen had higher concentrations of glutamate, creatinine, formate and glutamine in plasma, and glycine and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) in urine. These results indicate that mercury in fishermen's blood may be responsible for causing disturbances in energy metabolism (Krebs cycle and fatty acid oxidation), glutathione biosynthesis, indicating oxidative stress in blood cells, and also, creatine pathway accompanied by highs TMAO levels, supporting indicative of renal dysfunction.

Agriculture has great importance in the Brazilian economy and the presence of pests has caused great
economic losses for producers of the most diverse crops in Brazil. One of them is Telchin licus, a pest that
causes losses of sugar cane production in all regions where it is present. Andiroba is a tree with high
potential for exploration, from its seeds an oil widely used in cosmetics and popular medicine in the
Amazon region is extracted and it has also suffered from the presence of pests, especially Hypsipyla
ferrealis, which attacks the seed, making its use impracticable. In oil palm and coconut crops, defoliating caterpillars cause problems and the attack mainly by Automeris liberia has been causing damage to the arecaceae crops. As the use of pesticides can be harmful to health, the use of pheromones has become possible due to its great selectivity and low toxicity. To enable the use of pheromones for these pests, the aim of the work is to synthesize (Z,E)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol and (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol isomers, (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol and (E,E)-9,12- tetradecadien-1-ol isomers and (±)-9-methylnonadecane which are candidates for pheromones of these species respectively. The syntheses have shown good individual yields and the compounds obtained have been characterized by hydrogen and carbon NMR and also by GC-MS. So far, (±)-9-methylnonadecane has been synthesized with an overall yield of 51.4%. Also 10-pentadecyn-1-ol, intermediate of (Z,E) and (E,Z)- 2,13-octadecadien-1-ol and the two isomers of 2-(tetradec-12-en-9-in -1-yloxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, which are intermediates for the formation of the 9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol isomers. All target molecules are expected to be properly synthesized and characterized.

L-Tyrosine is an essential amino acid, a precursor for the formation of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine. Its intake is essential for the maintenance of these neurotransmitters and the reduction of muscle fatigue and stress. So, several companies have been developing food supplements to assist in the L-Tyrosine diet. Currently, the quality control of this type of supplement is done through robust techniques such as HPLC and this ends up making the analysis process more expensive and requiring specialized labor. To achieve this process cheaper and easier to perform, this work aims the development of a low-cost paper-based microfluidic device (µPAD) that can perform the determination of L-Tyrosine in samples of dietary supplements. The µPADs were coupled to fluorescence and colorimetric detection. It was observed that the system has better analytical signal at pH = 12. Among the three types of layout covered in this work, the one with circular detection zones and 2 mm thick hydrophobic barriers around them obtained the best response. The influence of the RGB color channels was also studied in this work and it was observed that for the system that used fluorescence as detection technique, channel B performed better than the other channels while by colorimetry channel G had the best analytical signal.

A síntese de polímeros conjugados vem despertando grande interesse científico e comercial devido às suas propriedades elétricas e optoeletrônicas, tornando-os aplicáveis no desenvolvimento de dispositivos optoeletrônicos. Tais propriedades podem ser alcançadas por meio da modificação estrutural do monômero precursor e a inserção de moléculas fluorescentes nestes podem levar à formação de polímeros conjugados com propriedades eletrocrômicas e/ou fluorescentes. Dentre os diversos monômeros descritos na literatura, os derivados de 2,5- (ditienil)pirrol (SNS) vêm ganhando grande destaque devido as boas propriedades optoeletrônicas que seus polímeros podem apresentar. No presente trabalho, a síntese de dois novos monômeros de SNS ligados a derivados de dansila (SNS-D) e fluoreno (SNS-F) foi alcançada em bons rendimentos de 95% e 79% respectivamente, tendo suas estruturas caracterizadas através de experimentos de ressonância magnética nuclear de 1H, 13C, espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), espectrometria de massa de alta resolução, ponto de fusão, UV-Vis/NIR e fluorescência. Experimentos de polimerização eletroquímica foram conduzidos através do método de voltametria cíclica em um sistema CH3CN/(C4H9)4NBF4 0.1 mol L-1 . O monômero SNS-D foi submetido a copolimerização na presença de 3,4-etilenodioxitiofeno (EDOT) levando à formação do Poli(SNS-D-co-EDOT) numa faixa de potencial 0,0 V ≤ E ≤ 0,85 V. O filme polimérico apresentou comportamento eletrocrômico, variando sua coloração entre verde no estado neutro e azul escuro no estado oxidado. A caracterização deste através de espectroeletroquímica mostrou elevada absorção na região do Infravermelho próximo (1040 nm), com contraste cromático (Δ%T) de 27% no primeiro ciclo e 17% no 600º ciclo e tempo de resposta de 3 a 4 segundos entre os estados redox. Enquanto que a polimerização eletroquímica do monômero SNS-F levou à formação do polímero Poli(SNS-F) numa faixa de potencial 0,0 V ≤ E ≤ 0,65 V, também apresentando comportamento eletrocrômico, variando sua coloração entre tons de verde e azul nos seus estados neutro e oxidado, respectivamente. Experimentos de espectroeletroquímica revelaram alta absorção em 1030 nm com Δ%T de 41% no primeiro ciclo e 11% no 500º ciclo, além de um tempo de resposta de 10 e 30 segundos entre os estados redox. Tais propriedades observadas sugerem que os polímeros obtidos neste trabalho podem ser promissores para atuar como camada ativa em dispositivos optoeletrônicos como janelas inteligentes.

Nas últimas décadas, a crescente produção do biodiesel vem gerando enormes quantidades de glicerol como coproduto. O volume excedente de glicerol residual acarretou com a saturação do mercado, tornando necessário a elaboração de novas estratégias para a destinação do coproduto. No presente trabalho foram avaliados catalisadores alternativos para obtenção de acetais de glicerol via esterificação do glicerol com ácido acético. Inicialmente os ensaios experimentais utilizaram óxidos metálicos (SnO2, WO3, MoO3, Sb2O3, Sb2O5, Nb2O5 e o óxido misto formado por SnO2.Nb2O5), entre os materiais avaliados o Sb2O5 foi o único a apresentar atividade catalítica superior à reação ausente de catalisador (branco), alcançando 98% de conversão em 3 h de reação na temperatura 80°C. Os resultados obtidos com o Sb2O5 são similares a estudos disponíveis na literatura, tornando interessante a investigação de compostos de coordenação a base de antimônio. Os complexos avaliados foram o SbCl3 e o SbCl5, nas condições de 40 e 80°C, razão molar 1:4 (glicerol/AcOH), sob agitação magnética constante (3000 rpm). A caracterização dos produtos formados foi realizada pela técnica de cromatografia gasosa (CG). Os catalisadores clorados apresentaram resultados promissores, com destaque para o SbCl5 que a 80°C alcançou 100% de conversão nos 15 min iniciais, com ordem de seletividade em 46, 33 e 21% para mono, di e triacetina em 180 min, respectivamente. Devido seu melhor desempenho catalítico, posteriormente os estudos com o SbCl5 tiveram maior continuidade, sendo investigados parâmetros como temperatura, razão molar (glicerol/AcOH) e carga de catalisador. Outra parte do trabalho consistiu em avaliar o desempenho catalítico do HCl, com o intuito de realizar uma comparação com os complexos clorados. Os resultados encontrados para o SbCl5 foram superiores aos obtidos com HCl, destacando maior seletividade para di e triacetina, sugerindo que etapas mecanísticas possam ocorrer via interação ácido de Lewis.

As impressões digitais têm um papel fundamental nas investigações criminais como uma das evidências físicas usadas na identificação de criminosos. Para enfrentar o desafio de capturar evidências de impressões digitais latentes de superfícies metálicas, este trabalho traz uma nova proposta de metodologia para revelação de impressões digitais latentes baseada na eletrodeposição de polímeros conjugados. Os polímeros poli(3,4-etilenodioxitiofeno) (PEDOT) e poli(2,2’:5’,2’’-tertiofeno) (PTT) foram utilizados para a revelação de impressões digitais latentes sobre aço inoxidável e estojo de munição em latão. A técnica explora o depósito sebáceo da impressão digital como uma máscara de isolamento, de modo que os processos eletroquímicos de deposição só podem atuar em áreas livres de gordura na superfície metálica, ou seja, entre as cristas do resíduo das impressões digitais. O PEDOT foi eletrodepositado por oxidação do monômero em solução de LiClO₄/H₂O por meio dos métodos de deposição potenciodinâmico, potenciostático e galvanostático. Os dados eletroquímicos forneceram um ensaio total do material depositado produzindo espessuras de filmes entre 1,2 ≤ Г ≤ 4,1 µmol cm^-2 que são proporcionais ao preenchimento das superfícies entre as cristas das impressões digitais. Os resultados indicam que processos envolvendo a eletrodeposição de PEDOT consistem em uma metodologia eficiente para revelar impressões digitais latentes, mesmo após decorridos 30 dias em que os resíduos sebáceos foram deixados na superfície. O PTT foi depositado eletroquimicamente por meio da cronoamperometria usando uma solução de 2,2 ': 5', 2 "-tertiofeno (TT) (C₄H₉)₄NBF₄ / CH₃CN sobre o filme de PEDOT, em aço inoxidável, formando uma bicamada. As propriedades fluorescentes da bicamada podem ser aplicadas em biometria forense para a revelação de impressões digitais em superfícies metálicas escuras sob exposição à luz UV. Um processo de oxidação da superfície metálica ocorre simultaneamente à eletrodeposição do polímero, aperfeiçoando ainda mais o contraste entre a impressão digital e o estojo de munição. A qualidade da revelação das impressões digitais foi avaliada pelo software Griaule Forensic Fingerprint® comprovando o contraste produzido entre o polímero e a superfície contendo a impressão digital e confirmada utilizando a escala elaborada por Bandey, com 87% e 81% de impressões com grau 4 em aço inoxidável (PEDOT) e estojo de munição (PEDOT+corrosão), respectivamente; 84% e 57% com grau 3 no aço inoxidável (PEDOT+PTT) e estojo de munição (PEDOT), respectivamente.

Nas últimas décadas, a crescente produção do biodiesel vem gerando enormes quantidades de glicerol como coproduto. O volume excedente de glicerol residual acarretou com a saturação do mercado, tornando necessário a elaboração de novas estratégias para a destinação do coproduto. No presente trabalho foram avaliados catalisadores alternativos para obtenção de acetais de glicerol via esterificação do glicerol com ácido acético. Inicialmente os ensaios experimentais utilizaram óxidos metálicos (SnO2, WO3, MoO3, Sb2O3, Sb2O5, Nb2O5 e o óxido misto formado por SnO2.Nb2O5), entre os materiais avaliados o Sb2O5 foi o único a apresentar atividade catalítica superior à reação ausente de catalisador (branco), alcançando 98% de conversão em 3 h de reação na temperatura 80°C. Os resultados obtidos com o Sb2O5 são similares a estudos disponíveis na literatura, tornando interessante a investigação de compostos de coordenação a base de antimônio. Os complexos avaliados foram o SbCl3 e o SbCl5, nas condições de 40 e 80°C, razão molar 1:4 (glicerol/AcOH), sob agitação magnética constante (3000 rpm). A caracterização dos produtos formados foi realizada pela técnica de cromatografia gasosa (CG). Os catalisadores clorados apresentaram resultados promissores, com destaque para o SbCl5 que a 80°C alcançou 100% de conversão nos 15 min iniciais, com ordem de seletividade em 46, 33 e 21% para mono, di e triacetina em 180 min, respectivamente. Devido seu melhor desempenho catalítico, posteriormente os estudos com o SbCl5 tiveram maior continuidade, sendo investigados parâmetros como temperatura, razão molar (glicerol/AcOH) e carga de catalisador. Outra parte do trabalho consistiu em avaliar o desempenho catalítico do HCl, com o intuito de realizar uma comparação com os complexos clorados. Os resultados encontrados para o SbCl5 foram superiores aos obtidos com HCl, destacando maior seletividade para di e triacetina, sugerindo que etapas mecanísticas possam ocorrer via interação ácido de Lewis.

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have been associated with several therapeutic applications, including anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic action. Thus, the present work aimed to synthesize and characterize hybrid nanoparticles containing selenium and copper (SeCuNPs) for biological application, performing assays with cancer cells and macrophages, to evaluate their anticancer and anti-inflammatory potential, since such materials present excellent activity against various pathologies. Therefore, SeCuNPs were synthesized using the stabilizing agents chitosan (QUI) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The syntheses were adapted from procedures already described in the literature for the synthesis of SeNPs, in addition, the pure material, the SeNPs, were also synthesized for comparative purposes. The characteristics of NPs were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques; energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS); dynamic light scattering (DLS); molecular absorption spectroscopy in the Fourier transform infrared region (FTIR); molecular absorption spectroscopy in the UV-vis region. Applications were made about the antioxidant capacity, through the methods of ABTS●+, DPPH●, FRAP; sun protection factor (SPF) and tyrosinase inhibition; and in vivo toxicity assessment, using Drosophila as a model. The characterization data confirmed the formation and identity of the synthesized materials. SeCuNPs in both stabilizers are smaller in size than SeNPs, with a size reduction from 94 and 78 nm to 36 and 35 nm in QUI and PVA, respectively. Through the EDS technique, the presence of Se and Cu in the SeCuNPs was confirmed, confirming that it is a hybrid material. The FTIR, SeNPs and SeCuNPs spectra showed characteristic profiles of stabilizing agents, proving their presence on the surface of NPs. The UV-vis absorption spectra showed the characteristic absorption bands of such materials, with absorption at 260 and 250 nm for the SeNPs stabilized in QUI and PVA, respectively, and at 240 and 900 nm for the SeCuNPs in the two stabilizers.