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1
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ELINA WANESSA RIBEIRO LOPES
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Use of Python Language for Modeling and Simulation of the Silva and Cerqueira Model in Microalgae Effluent Treatment
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Leader : CARLOS EDUARDO DE FARIAS SILVA
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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CARLOS EDUARDO DE FARIAS SILVA
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DANIELE VITAL VICH
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FLÁVIA BARTIRA PEDRO DA SILVA ALMEIDA
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RENATA MARIA ROSAS GARCIA ALMEIDA
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Data: 16 mars 2022
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Afficher le Résumé
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The excessive presence of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in water bodies is a current target of environmental concern, using microalgae to remove these nutrients appears as a promising alternative. The application of computational tools allows the development of algorithms that evaluate the behavior and optimize the effectiveness of this removal. The present study carried out the kinetic modeling of microalgal growth through the classic Monod model and the Silva and Cerqueira model, finding the characteristic kinetic constants and allowing the modeling and simulation of bioprocesses of effluent treatment by microalgae. Literature data were used for two studies, in the first one the removal of nutrients (contaminants) by Chlorella sp. for effluent from a combined anaerobic digestion (CAD) and an anaerobic digestion effluent from a primary settling tank (PS). In the second study, the removal of nutrients from an urban effluent by a mix of microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) was evaluated. The adopted algorithm proved to be adequate in both studies. To solve the proposed problem, the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm was implemented in Spyder software (an open source integrated development environment for programming in Python), and the PYSWARMS research toolkit was used for optimization (library). The model parameters were estimated by minimizing the sum of the calculated square errors and to evaluate the deviation of the simulated curve and of the experimental points, the concept of model predictive error (MPE – Model Predictive Error) was used (%). For the removal of contaminants, the equation of order n proved to be more suitable with intermediate order between 1st and 2nd being used (ie, 1 < n < 2) and with constant 0 < k < 0.2, obtaining MPE between 15 -28% similar to that seen in literature. Using the Monod Model, the algorithm was able to determine μmax and Ks that were shown in the intervals: 0 < μmax < 4 day-1 and 0 < Ks < 50 mg/L with MPE between 15-28%. These constants could be applied in the Silva and Cerqueira model and the delimitation of m and p, which are specific to this model, could be studied. In fact, the model proved to be very sensitive to these constants, managing to define an interval for convergence: 0 < p < 0.5 and 0 < m < 2, obtaining for the same data tested in Monod an MPE between 4 -15% for Silva and Cerqueira (significantly lower). m and p showed a significant influence on the magnitude and curvature of the microalgal growth curve. The results showed that there was a good adjustment of microalgae growth and that it is possible to associate several contaminants with the cellular growth of microalgae.
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2
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LUIS PAULO LIMA CARDOSO
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Preliminary simulation of by-product generation in biological reactors treating vinasse.
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Leader : ANTONIO PEDRO DE OLIVEIRA NETTO
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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ANTONIO PEDRO DE OLIVEIRA NETTO
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NELIA HENRIQUES CALLADO
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NORMA CANDIDA DOS SANTOS AMORIM
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TANIA MARIA GOMES VORONKOFF CARNAUBA
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Data: 29 mars 2022
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Afficher le Résumé
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Several problems related to basic sanitation and not meeting the energy demand are currently being faced in Brazil. Thus, anaerobic digestion is shown as a solution, both to meet the demand for residential and commercial waste treatment and to generate electricity indirectly, through methane and hydrogen gas. Therefore, several studies have been conducted in order to verify the potential that each waste has in generating these gases through two approaches: an experimental approach and a mathematical modeling approach, which seeks to simulate the actual behavior of anaerobic digestion in order to provide a saving of time and resources through proper calibration of the models obtained. Among the most promising residues for hydrogen and methane generation are agro-industrial waste, especially those with high amounts of carbohydrates, as is the case of vinasse. Therefore, this study performed a kinetic analysis by calculating the kinetic constants and subsequent simulation of mathematical models, in two continuous fluidized reactors in series (one acidogenic (RALF1) and the other methanogenic (RALF2)), treating agroindustrial waste from sugarcane (vinasse) for the production of methane and hydrogen. For the simulation of the adapted models, the Vensim PLE ® software was used. For each reactor and variable analyzed (COD, butyric acid, acetic acid and propionic acid) the hydraulic behavior of piston flow and complete mixing were considered, and reaction orders 1 for COD and 1 and 2 for the others, were also analyzed in the different TDHs to which they were submitted in the experiment (12 and 16 for RALF1 and 12, 6 and 4 for RALF2). The adherence of the curves generated through the simulations was performed through Pearson's correlation coefficient, which had a strong correlation with values of 0.90 to 1, for the degradation of COD and some situations of the metabolites in question.
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3
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LOURENÇO TIBÚRCIO NETO
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Methane production from anaerobic co-digestion of vinasse and molasses
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Leader : EDUARDO LUCENA CAVALCANTE DE AMORIM
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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EDUARDO LUCENA CAVALCANTE DE AMORIM
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DANIELE VITAL VICH
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FERNANDA SANTANA PEITER
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INAÊ ALVES
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Data: 30 mars 2022
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Afficher le Résumé
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This study aimed to determine the methane production from the co-digestion of vinasse and molasses, using batch digester and sludge from UASB reactor of a domestic sewage treatment plant as inoculum. In the experiment, three factors were varied: the proportion of substrates vinasse/molasses, the COD of the substrates and the amount of alkalinizer used in each reactor. The vinasse and molasses used in the reactors were diluted until they reached the COD of 3000, 6000 and 9000 mg/L. The proportions of vinasse and molasses used were 25/75, 50/50 and 75/25. Sodium bicarbonate was used as an alkalinizer following the ratios of 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 g/g COD. The reactors used had a useful volume of 310 ml and a reaction volume of 150 ml (approximately 50% of headspace), and were kept at a mesophilic temperature of 35 °C and under constant agitation of 120 rpm. The yield obtained in anaerobic co-digestion for methane production ranged from 33.75 - 297.85 mLCH4/gSV and the COD removal reached up to 59%. It was noted that the highest biogas productions occurred in the reactors that had less alkalinizer (0.50 gNaHCO3/g COD), which indicates that in the reactors that had more sodium bicarbonate some inhibition of methane production occurred. The values obtained indicate that the co-digestion between the two substrates is viable, however, the use of alkali compromised the analysis of the other two factors used in the research.
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4
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DIEGO ALMEIDA LEVINO
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Subsidies for waste management at university campuses: a case study for the A. C. Simões Campus of the Federal University of Alagoas
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Leader : NELIA HENRIQUES CALLADO
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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DANIEL PINTO FERNANDES
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ELIZABETH REGINA HALFELD DA COSTA
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IVETE VASCONCELOS LOPES FERREIRA
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NELIA HENRIQUES CALLADO
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Data: 30 mars 2022
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Afficher le Résumé
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In Brazil, as of 2011, it was established the National Solid Waste Plan (PNRS), created in order to work the non-generation, reduction, reuse, recycling, treatment and final disposal of waste environmentally appropriate. This work aimed to create subsidies for the preparation of the Solid Waste Management Plan (PGRS) of the Campus A. C. Simões (CACS) of UFAL, from the analysis of waste management experience in other federal institutions. The methodology applied involved two phases, the first was a survey of the actions that are already performed in CACS, and in other educational institutions, this study was conducted through research on websites and journals, and data survey with the Waste Management Center of the Superintendence of Infrastructure (SINFRA) of UFAL. The second was the performance of the CACS waste management diagnosis to support the preparation of the PGRS/CACS, based on models from other HEIs. The literature search identified three HEIs that have complete waste management plans that can serve as a reference for CACS, all of which were developed from master's and doctoral research in the areas of waste management, with emphasis on the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE). The survey at CACS revealed that there is no institutional initiative to segregate waste at its origin, with potentially recyclable waste being discarded along with other waste. The gravimetric composition was determined by estimation, resulting in 26.20% organic, 32.10% paper/cardboard, 19.60% plastic, 4.30% metal, 0.8% glass and 17%.10% others, with pecapita generation varying from 0.046 kg/inhabitant per day to 0.092 kg/inhabitant per day. In the cafeterias and restaurants, the main problems are the food waste and the inadequate disposal of cooking oils. In the University Restaurant (RU) the waste reaches 454.6 kg/day, with a percapita value of 117 g/person/day, similar to that found in other restaurants and cafeterias of the CACS (113 g/person/day). These establishments generate around 60 L/day of used oils. The laboratory waste and the civil construction waste, present a process of quantification and characterization in their origin. From the laboratory waste, the Central Animal Facility and the Chemical Institute Laboratory are the ones that generate the biggest volume, the first one produces weekly about 27 drums of 200L of biological waste and the second one produces 24 drums of 200L of chemical waste. Civil construction waste is reused in the building site and what is left over is disposed of in containers for collection. The unserviceable waste, batteries, lamps and batteries, are not quantified, the unserviceable are accumulated in the central warehouse of UFAL, being separated by blocks, as rest of computers and electronics and metals. Burnt lamps are also accumulated in the central warehouse and in 2019 reached the quantity of 3,881 lamps. The waste of batteries, UFAL does not have any institutionalized initiative for its collections, being in charge of some occasional initiatives, where the waste is accumulated and collected, having as final destination a company of rubbish collectors. The pruning and sweeping residues are generated independently of the academic activities, in this sense it was reached the average amount of 424.28 kg/day of leaves that are removed from the campus. Finally, the work also aimed at the suggestion of a new technological route, which aims at the separation of recyclable waste, in a process of sorting and a composting of organic waste before final disposal in the Landfill of Maceió.
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5
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CLEBSON CARVALHO DE FARIAS
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RECONHECENDO EVENTOS HIDROLÓGICOS: INDISSOCIANDO MAGNITUDE EXTREMA, DURAÇÃO E PERÍODO DE OCORRÊNCIA NA ANÁLISE DE FREQUÊNCIA (RARIDADE)
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Leader : CARLOS RUBERTO FRAGOSO JUNIOR
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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CARLOS RUBERTO FRAGOSO JUNIOR
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MARLLUS GUSTAVO FERREIRA PASSOS DAS NEVES
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CHRISTOPHER FREIRE SOUZA
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ANDREA SOUSA FONTES
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Data: 31 mars 2022
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Afficher le Résumé
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With the need to analyze the aspects of events with methods that present fewer uncertainties. This work aims to propose a new approach in order to reduce the uncertainties in the analysis of hydrological events considering the different variables of an event as interdependent, thus obtaining more information about the events. The study was applied to the São Francisco River basin, the river of national integration that suffers from different anthropic actions, from the Xingó station with observed flow data provided by the Companhia Hidrelétrica do São Francisco (CHESF)/SAR of ANA, and natural data reconstituted by the Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico (ONS), the data are available for the period 1976-2018 for observed data and 1931-2018 for natural data. Event analyses usually consider one variable, maximum or minimum magnitude per year. Currently, the use of copula functions is increasing in multivariate analysis of hydrological events, as it is known that it is necessary to consider more information about the events. In Hydrological Alteration Indicators (HAI), a method to obtain information about alteration of a regime by anthropic actions, the frequencies of the aspects (aggregation of variables) of an event are analyzed considering the independent variables. However, in this work, copula functions were applied to analyze the aspects (aggregating variable) of an event considering its variables as being dependent. The variables flow, duration and period of occurrence are the ones chosen for this work, and the marginal distributions for each variable, respectively, Generalized Pareto (GP), Pearson 3, and Von Mises (floods) and Normal (droughts). The Gaussian copula showed the best results in the goodness of fit tests for modeling the flood and drought events, while the Archimedean copulas had satisfactory results for the flood events and unsatisfactory results for the drought events. A new approach for hydrological regime change analysis was introduced, thus showing changes in the flow regime of the São Francisco River.
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6
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RAFAEL DOS SANTOS MATIAS
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Assessment of the impact of changes in land use and cover on energy generation in the São Francisco river basin
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Leader : CARLOS RUBERTO FRAGOSO JUNIOR
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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ADRIANO ROLIM DA PAZ
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CARLOS RUBERTO FRAGOSO JUNIOR
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MARLLUS GUSTAVO FERREIRA PASSOS DAS NEVES
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VLADIMIR CARAMORI BORGES DE SOUZA
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Data: 31 mars 2022
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Afficher le Résumé
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The Brazilian energy matrix has an expressive amount of hydropower generation, a modality that is susceptible to the region's hydroclimatic conditions, although the waterfall system aims to mitigate this risk. The São Francisco river basin (BHRSF), highly important for the energy context of the northeast region, has been suffering the impacts of deforestation that can potentiate the adverse conditions that make hydroelectric plants need to reduce the minimum effluent flow from reservoirs. Changes in land use and cover can increase the frequency and intensity of surface runoff and/or reduce the recharge of aquifers, which sustain rivers in periods of drought. Among the techniques used to measure this influence, hydrological modeling is presented as an effective tool, including the scale of the basin studied. In this context, the present work will analyze the impact of changes in land use and cover on energy generation in the BHRSF through the hydrological simulation carried out by the Large Basin Model of the Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas (MGB-IPH). The simulation efficiency will be evaluated by the Nash and Sutcliffe coefficients (R²) and the root mean squared error (RMSE). To deal with the quality of the precipitation data, three gap filling methodologies will be applied. The study will be carried out according to scenarios called Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP), which contain five possible trends in social, economic, environmental and technological development. Differences between the results of each scenario will be evaluated through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. It is expected to contribute to the understanding of the hydrological dynamics in the basin in the face of changes in land use and cover and to what extent this affects the region's energy sector.
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7
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ANA KAROLINE DE ALMEIDA SILVA
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Decentralized biological treatment systems, with different configurations, treating sanitary effluents: Evaluation of technical and operational performance
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Leader : NELIA HENRIQUES CALLADO
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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DANIEL PINTO FERNANDES
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EDUARDO LUCENA CAVALCANTE DE AMORIM
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ELIZABETH REGINA HALFELD DA COSTA
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MARIA RAPHAELLA DOS SANTOS VASCONCELOS
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NELIA HENRIQUES CALLADO
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Data: 31 mars 2022
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Afficher le Résumé
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Although the sanitation regulatory mark, Law 11.445/2007 updated by Law 14. 026/2020, which advocates the universalization of sanitation services in Brazil, the National Information System on Sanitation (SNIS) indicates that Alagoas is served by sewage collection networks, only 28.1% of the urban population and its capital, Maceió, only 42.2% of the total population (urban and rural) is effectively served by sewage collection networks, with an estimate that 14.7 million m³ of sewage are disposed of without treatment. Although the privatization of the water supply and sanitary sewage services in Maceió, which occurred in Sep/2020, is responsible for the expansion of the sewage collection network coverage to 90% by 2033, the compact ETEs, installed in commercial and residential developments, also contribute to the achievement of these goals. However, the operation and monitoring of these systems is still a challenge for those who have limited infrastructure and financial resources, having as an alternative the outsourcing of these services, in order to ensure that the effluent produced meets the current legislation. In this sense, compact WWTPs should be simple, efficient, sustainable and economically feasible. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate four compact sewage treatment plants, with anaerobic treatment followed by aerobic post-treatment, with different configurations (three mechanically aerated and one with natural aeration), in order to identify how they are operated and monitored, their main limitations, and whether the treated effluents meet the release standards of CONAMA 430/2011. The results showed that all of them can fit the treated effluent to the release standards, with standard operating procedures and application of sodium hypochlorite for disinfection. In three of them the excess sludge is removed by tank cleaning trucks with treated effluent disposed on the soil and only one of them uses a drying bed for dehydration of the excess sludge with treated effluent in non-potable urban reuse. The monitoring of the effluent quality is aimed only at checking compliance with discharge standards without concern for monitoring the anaerobic and aerobic processes. The main limitation occurs due to the lack of measurement of the affluent flow of the ETEs, which prevents the verification of operational parameters and the adjustment of the dosage of sodium hypochlorite. The average efficiency of organic matter removal of the four ETEs was 87.1±2.2%
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8
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MARCONE CORREIA DE OLIVEIRA LIMA FILHO
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Performance evaluation of semi-empirical models for remote estimation of CDOM concentration in a tropical productive estuary
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Leader : CARLOS RUBERTO FRAGOSO JUNIOR
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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JOSICLEDA DOMICIANO GALVINCIO
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CARLOS RUBERTO FRAGOSO JUNIOR
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DANIELE VITAL VICH
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REGINA CAMARA LINS
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Data: 27 avr. 2022
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Afficher le Résumé
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Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is largely responsible for the absorption of sunlight and affects the photobiological and ecological processes of aquatic systems. Estuarine systems are susceptible to high concentrations due to terrestrial carbon coming from the watershed. Thus, there is a need for regular monitoring of this parameter in these aquatic systems aiming at an adequate ecosystem operation. The use of remote sensing is an excellent alternative due to its ability to monitor water bodies at a low cost, in wide areas and adequate time intervals. However, there is still a need for more robust algorithms for estimating CDOM in optically complex systems such as estuarine systems. In this work, we sought to develop semi-empirical models for remote estimation of CDOM in a productive tropical estuarine-lagoon system. For this, data collected in situ of spectral reflectance and measurements of CDOM concentration were used. From this dataset, semi-empirical models based on the ratio of two, three and four bands were developed. The search for bands was performed automatically by a genetic algorithm. Simple linear regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and the RANSAC robust linear regression method were evaluated. Several band ratios were tested and the best fit was obtained using a two-band model, R(702)/R(539), and three bands, [R(539)-1-R(699)-1]xR(716 ), with R2 of 0.917 and 0.923, respectively. It was observed that the choice of bands plays a critical role in the development of good models for estimating CDOM, and the use of a genetic algorithm allows automating the task. Furthermore, the use of two properly selected bands is sufficient to obtain good estimates. Finally, the application of robust linear regression proved to deal well with data from real sensors, as it is more tolerant of the presence of outliers.
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9
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THAYSE FARIAS DE BARROS
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Methane production from the co-digestion of grass juice elephant and vinasse.
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Leader : EDUARDO LUCENA CAVALCANTE DE AMORIM
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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ANDERSON CARLOS MARAFON
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DAYANA DE GUSMAO COELHO
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EDUARDO LUCENA CAVALCANTE DE AMORIM
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JULIANA MARTINS VALENCA
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Data: 30 mai 2022
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Afficher le Résumé
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The production of energy by environmental sources can lead to great environmental damage over the years. One way to reduce these damages is to use biomass as an energy source, such as elephant grass broth (EGB) and vinasse, both of which have great potential for energy generation. However, the use of these biomasses together for methane still has technological challenges to be overcome. One of these obstacles concerns the need to reduce the negative effect of the abrupt pH reduction caused by elephant grass broth. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the anaerobic codigestion of these substrates to produce methane, using batch reactors and the sludge from a UASB reactor (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) as inoculum. The assembly of the reactors was carried out based on the Box-Behnken Design of Experiment, which was chosen to optimize the experiment. This design consists of three factors: addition of sodium bicarbonate; the proportion of substrates mix; and inoculum concentration. Three levels of each factor were chosen: 0.05, 0.15 and 0.25 gHCO3:gCOD, for addition of sodium bicarbonate; 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25, for the proportion of EGB and Vinasse (E:V); and 10, 15 and 20% of inoculum concentration, in reference to the reaction volume. Through Box-Behnken planning, it was possible to provide a response surface to evaluate the interaction between the factors and the production of methane (CH4). The reactors were operated for 33 days, which resulted in an accumulated production of CH4 varying between 372 and 1092 mLCH4/gSV. The experimental design provided a quadratic regression equation with high representation of the results given by the R2 of 0.9213. Although all factors were representative of the model, the factor of sodium bicarbonate addition stands out, which shows its relevance to pH buffering. Through the model, it was possible to obtain the optimal points of each factor for the best production of accumulated CH4, being 0.19 gHCO3:gCOD, 50.78/49.22 (C/V) and 15.60%, respectively for sodium bicarbonate rate, substrates proportion and inoculum concentration; these optimal points resemble one of the reactors that produced the most accumulated CH4. In addition, the largest values of CH4 production were related to the addition of sodium bicarbonate close to optimal
point, thus indicating that this factor could be a limiting factor in the increase of accumulated CH4.
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10
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KESSYA RAYANNE DE ARAUJO SANTOS
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Modelling the potential for sustainable generation of bioenergy from landfills
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Leader : NELIA HENRIQUES CALLADO
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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ALESSANDRA LEE BARBOSA FIRMO
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EDUARDO LUCENA CAVALCANTE DE AMORIM
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KARINA RIBEIRO SALOMON
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NELIA HENRIQUES CALLADO
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Data: 6 juil. 2022
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Afficher le Résumé
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The use of urban solid waste for the sustainable production of bioenergy is more than a diversification of the energy matrix of a country, it is an environmental, economic and social necessity. The use of biogas is an alternative for the production of bioelectricity due to its high calorific power, besides the capture and sequestration of carbon, which leads to negative emissions and, consequently, to the mitigation of climate change. Thus, finding economically feasible and sustainable ways to use this waste is a concern of the whole society and the application of mathematical models for estimating the potential production of biogas in landfills becomes plausible, both from the energy point of view, as from the environmental point of view. Therefore, the present study aims at, by means of an adequate mathematical modelling, estimating the methane production and bioelectricity potential from the four existing landfills in Alagoas, located in different climatic regions. For such, it was necessary to survey the information of the study area aiming at its characterization and obtaining the input data of the model used: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC (2006). To this end, relevant data were collected, such as the average amount and gravimetric composition of SUW deposited in landfills and the climatic characteristics of the landfills studied. The choice of the degradation kinetic constant of the SUW components directly affects the behavior of the methane generation curve in landfills throughout the useful life and after closure, showing whether the methane generation can last for long periods or not. It was verified that the landfills located in the Atlantic slope, therefore, with similar regional characteristics and the same input parameters in the k model, presented the same behavior in their methane generation curves. Similarly, the same behavior can be noted in relation to the landfills located on the slope of the São Francisco River. It was also noted that the MSW gravimetric composition directly influences the calculation of the methane generation potential in landfills, considering that each waste component has a distinct DOC. The study of the potential to generate electric power showed that, as of the first year of generation until the year 2056, the Maceió, Metropolitano, Agreste and CIGRES landfills have the capacity to serve an average of 33,586; 32,196; 14,46 and 12,090 households, respectively, during the period analyzed.
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11
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ANA LETICIA GAIA DA ROCHA ALMEIDA
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Study of Explanatory Variables of the Fraction of Impermeable Area
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Leader : MARLLUS GUSTAVO FERREIRA PASSOS DAS NEVES
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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CLEUDA CUSTODIO FREIRE
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JAIME JOAQUIM DA SILVA PEREIRA CABRAL
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MARLLUS GUSTAVO FERREIRA PASSOS DAS NEVES
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VLADIMIR CARAMORI BORGES DE SOUZA
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Data: 24 août 2022
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Afficher le Résumé
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Although the increase in artificial impervious areas is directly linked to urban growth, it is still common for municipalities not to foresee their evolution. A possible solution to this problem is to link the increase in the total impervious area to the growth of other vectors of urban growth. Given their spatial and temporal resolutions, satellite images from the LANDSAT mission are indicated for historical characterizations of land use and land cover for this purpose. Thus, this study aims to use data on road length (obtained through LANDSAT with the aid of QGIS) and population density (obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) to obtain forecast models of the total impermeable area. The effectiveness of the models will be validated with the aid of the Spearman and Pearson coefficients, as well as with the use of hypothesis tests. The regression will then have a 95% confidence band, within which the future impermeable area must be. With this, it will be possible to simulate the flow for different scenarios, obtaining three hydrographs for each project rain. It is expected that the results will offer an easily replicable method for cities with little waterproofing data, aiming to subsidize satisfactory diagnoses and predictions in urban planning instruments, such as Master Plans and Municipal Basic Sanitation Plans.
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12
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HELOISA VITAL DOMINGOS
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Methanogenic production from anaerobic codigestion of elephant grass silage with vinasse in batch reactor
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Leader : EDUARDO LUCENA CAVALCANTE DE AMORIM
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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EDUARDO LUCENA CAVALCANTE DE AMORIM
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DAYANA DE GUSMAO COELHO
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ANDERSON CARLOS MARAFON
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JULIANA MARTINS VALENCA
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Data: 26 août 2022
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Afficher le Résumé
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The use of biomass as a substrate in anaerobic digestion for energy production purposes has been highlighted in the last three decades, considering climate emergency and the impacts arising from non-renewable energy sources. In this context, sugarcane vinasse and elephant grass have significant potential for biogas production, but their application via anaerobic co-digestion has been little investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the methane yield of the co-digestion of these substrates in batch reactors, using Box-Behnken experimental design. The adopted factors were ensiling time of elephant grass (40, 80 and 120 days), silage:vinasse ratio (25:75, 50:50 and 75:25), and concentration of alkaline pretreatment of elephant grass (NaOH 0.5%, 2.25% and 4%w/v). Most reactors showed COD and carbohydrate removal greater than 60%, indicating significant removal of organic matter and efficiency of anaerobic digestion. Cumulative methane production data was properly fitted to the modified Gompertz sigmoid model (R2 ≈ 0.99). Cumulative methane yield values ranged from 190.77 to 1,729.80 mLCH4/gSV. The highest yields were observed in the reactors which used silage:vinasse ratio equal to 25:75, ensiling time between 80 and 120 days, and pre-treatment solution of NaOH 2.25%w/v to 4.00%w/v. According to ANOVA, proportion between substrates was the only factor with a significant effect (p < 0.05) on cumulative methane yield. The regression model proposed to estimate the yield as a function of the adopted factors showed a high regression coefficient (R2 = 0.93). It is expected that the results will contribute to the optimization and implementation, on a larger scale, of bioenergy generation projects from the anaerobic treatment of sugarcane vinasse and elephant grass silage.
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13
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HELOIZE MARIA DO NASCIMENTO SANTOS
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SYSTEM OF STABILISATION PONDS AND AERATED LAGOON FOR THE REDUCTION OF ORGANIC LOAD AND NITROGEN IN SEWAGE SLUDGE FROM LANDFILLS
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Leader : NELIA HENRIQUES CALLADO
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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MARIA ODETE HOLANDA MARIANO
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DAYSY LIRA OLIVEIRA CAVALCANTI
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EDUARDO LUCENA CAVALCANTE DE AMORIM
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NELIA HENRIQUES CALLADO
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Data: 29 août 2022
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Afficher le Résumé
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Sanitary landfills are one of the adequate forms of final disposal of solid waste. During the degradation process, they produce a leachate with a large amount of organic and inorganic pollutants and, before being disposed of or reused, they need to undergo treatment to meet the discharge standards imposed by legislation. Among the types of treatment, there is the stabilization lagoon system associated with aerated lagoons. This system is indicated for effluents with a high concentration of organic matter, is easy to apply and has lower operating costs. However, most of the time the lagoon effluent does not meet the discharge standards and requires post-treatment, usually physical-chemical, leaving the lagoons with the function of pre-treatment aiming to fit the effluent to the standards required by the post-treatment. The main objective of this study is to evaluate, in real scale, the pre-treatment by a system of stabilization ponds and aerated lagoon to reduce the organic load and nitrogen from percolate generated in the landfill of Maceió (AL), since the understanding of what occurs in the treatment system is essential to guide the rational basis of design and operation, and the search for improvements for implementation of denitrification in the existing biological pre-treatment. Parallel to the real scale analyses, bench tests of denitrification will be carried out in an environment simulating an anaerobic lagoon and air stripping tests in environments simulating aerated lagoons in order to seek ideal operational parameters in relation to the variation of leachate flow. This is expected to identify the main characteristics and limitations of the existing pre-treatment and technological alternatives that can increase its efficiency, which can serve as a model for other landfills in the State of Alagoas.
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14
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CAMILLA RODRIGUES DA SILVA
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Modeling of H2S Emissions from CTR Maceió – AL.
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Leader : KARINA RIBEIRO SALOMON
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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DAYANA DE GUSMAO COELHO
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KARINA RIBEIRO SALOMON
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KRISTIANE RAMOS PRIMO
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Data: 1 sept. 2022
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In several Waste Treatment Centers (WCs), fugitive emissions are a problem of atmospheric pollution that reach local and global levels, as their composition is formed by several harmful gases, such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH4), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The emission of odorous gases from landfills results mainly from the generation of gaseous compounds during the biodegradation of waste, having a relationship with the cover layer, depth, number of drains, cell dimensions, age of waste, weather conditions and soil properties. Complaints about odor from the population living around the landfill have been reported to the authorities, since the nuisance responsible for health effects occurs in the recipients after their continuous and prolonged exposure. In this context, understanding H2S emissions and the factors that interfere in this process can provide important contributions to the mitigation of environmental and social impacts, intensifying the systematic monitoring of concentrations of this pollutant in the atmosphere. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the degree of impact on the environment caused by emissions from CTR Maceió - AL, through the mathematical simulation of concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) using the AERMOD View software, a very common atmospheric dispersion model in several surveys, which predict concentrations at selected downwind receptor sites. For this, the change in air quality covering the period from 2016 to 2021 was observed, through reports of H2S measurements and volumetric flows collected in the landfill drains, establishing scenarios for modeling gas concentrations, diagnosing the possible impacts that could harm the health of the population. The results revealed that the maximum concentration of 0.119 mg/m3 of H2S occurred in Scenario 1 (dawn), representing the period in which the stratification of the atmosphere tends to weaken the turbulent activity of the air that reflects in the increase of the concentration of H2S, whose value is 2.8 times higher than the Odor Perception Limit (LPO) of 0.042 mg/m3. Therefore, in this period the H2S plume spreads over an area of 25 km² reaching all the receivers installed to the west of the landfill. The concentrations of H2S contained in the biogas are significant and, therefore, can be treated as relevant questions to make in future studies the energetic use of biogas in the Waste Treatment Center of Maceió.
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15
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FERNANDO NATANAEL DA SILVA PACHECO
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DEFINITION OF PRIORITY PARAMETERS FOR THE FRAMING OF RIVERS IN THE PROCESS OF URBANIZATION
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Leader : VLADIMIR CARAMORI BORGES DE SOUZA
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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VLADIMIR CARAMORI BORGES DE SOUZA
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DANIEL PINTO FERNANDES
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NELIA HENRIQUES CALLADO
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JUSSARA CABRAL CRUZ
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Data: 26 sept. 2022
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The framework of water bodies in classes according to the predominant uses is one of the instruments of the National Water Resources Policy (PNRH) that through the achievement or maintenance of goals is possible in a segment of a water body. The evaluation of the physical-chemical and biological parameters established in the legislation characterizes the quality of the water and, thereafter, the necessary actions are defined to achieve the framework. However, financial limitations can make the monitoring essential to achieve the intermediate and final goals of the desired water quality unfeasible. In this way, the selection of priority parameters is vital to meet demands and understand the relationship between land use and occupation and pollution sources. Therefore, this work aims to define a minimum set of priority parameters for framing watersheds in urbanization processes. For this, the characterization of the Riacho Doce watershed was carried out, through the mapping of land use and occupation and the uses of water, and quali-quantitative evaluation with the use of statistical analysis, the self-depuration capacity and application of ICE for the validation of the set of parameters. It was perceived that the set of methodologies used can support the decision makers in setting the priority parameters to be monitored and achieving the goals of the water body framework.
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16
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FLÁVIO RUAN DOS SANTOS ROCHA NASCIMENTO
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Determination of the Fraction of Permeable Area in Control of Runoff Generation in Urban Basins
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Leader : MARLLUS GUSTAVO FERREIRA PASSOS DAS NEVES
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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MARLLUS GUSTAVO FERREIRA PASSOS DAS NEVES
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DAYSY LIRA OLIVEIRA CAVALCANTI
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VLADIMIR CARAMORI BORGES DE SOUZA
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IANA ALEXANDRA ALVES RUFINO
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Data: 7 déc. 2022
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Urban sprawl without proper landuse use has caused harm to population due to increased stormwater runoff. This study aims to obtain the minimum permeable area fraction of an endorheic basin in urban expansion through application of the SWMM model. The basin will be divided into sub-basins characterized for different land use and land cover from the CN method. Using continuous simulation for different % of impervious area with six different proposed scenarios in TR of 5, 10 and 25 years. As a result, runoff coefficients, peak flows, volumes and peak time are verified in a decentralized manner. On the other hand, the study seeks to examine whether the fraction of permeable area should be the same for areas with different characteristics and what are the influences of the simulation on the results. In this way, the data will contribute to micro and macro drainage analyses of the risk of peak runoff flows.
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17
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TÁSSIO LEITE SOARES
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COMPOSITION AND SPATIAL-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF SANITARY SEWAGE CHARACTERISTICS IN MACEIÓ/AL
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Leader : NELIA HENRIQUES CALLADO
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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DAYSY LIRA OLIVEIRA CAVALCANTI
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JULIANA VALENÇA MARTINS
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MARIA RAPHAELLA DOS SANTOS VASCONCELOS
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NELIA HENRIQUES CALLADO
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VLADIMIR CARAMORI BORGES DE SOUZA
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Data: 26 déc. 2022
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The considerations of the quantitative and qualitative aspects of sanitary sewage by means of physical-chemical and microbiological analyses are of extreme importance to ensure the operation of sanitary sewage systems within the foreseen standards. It happens that the sewage network coverage in Brazilian cities is still partial, and there are places that use individual solutions or simply throw their sewage in the street beds or urban channels, turning them into unitary systems, where the sewage is carried mixed with rainwater, runoff from the spring itself and other residues. The city of Maceió/AL is developed by a low region where the lagoon and maritime coastal plain is located and a high region in the tablelands, and its coverage by sewage collection system is still in expansion, currently reaching about 40% of the population, and thus, its urban channels receive diffuse contributions of sanitary sewage throughout its course. In this context, the aim of this work was to monitor through qualitative, spatial and temporal characterization, the collecting network and urban channels of Maceió. For this purpose, biweekly collections of simple samples of raw sewage were performed in the main urban drainage channels of the city, in the sewage collection network and in the WWTP of a public hospital, during the period from December 2021 to June 2022, in order to analyze the spatial and temporal composition of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the sewage, considering the dry and rainy periods, and the socioeconomic characteristics of the study area. The results showed that the sewage from the upper part of the city, which arrive at the ETEs, where a low-income population predominates, present constituent values typical of high-concentration sewage, while those from the lower part of the city, where a high-income population predominates, present a composition typical of medium-concentration sewage, inversely to what is mentioned in the literature, since the lower part is a coastal region where the influence of the water table diluting the sewage is more significant than the contribution of rainwater in the network. It was also verified that hospital wastewater presents typical characteristics of high concentration wastewater and that the water quality of urban channels classifies it as low concentration sanitary wastewater.
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