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DENIS BRUNO SANTOS MARQUES NUNES
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DNA barcode highlights taxonomic warnings and cryptic diversity of São Francisco river basin fishes, in the Neotropical region
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Leader : UEDSON PEREIRA JACOBINA
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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KIM RIBEIRO BARAO
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PABLO ARIEL MARTINEZ
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TAMI MOTT
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UEDSON PEREIRA JACOBINA
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Data: 15 févr. 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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The São Francisco River (SF) watershed in the neotropical region is of great socioeconomic relevance for Brazil. However, its ichthyofauna has been affected by many anthropogenic factors, culminating in several species becoming extinct locally along its stretches. This important basin is known for its diversity and endemism, with 178 species recorded, of which 60% were considered endemic. Studies on the genetic diversity of the ichthyofauna inhabitants of this basin have been carried out more punctually, involving a few species, or when comprehensive, involving a few stretches along its extension. In some of the stretches of the SF, genetic knowledge is still diffuse and incipient, mainly in the most affected regions, such as the Submiddle (practically barred) and Lower (silted). In this context, the present study aimed to fill this knowledge gap, in order to evaluate the effects of geographic scale on genetic diversity and evolutionary cohesion in fish species with different habitat preferences, and widely distributed in the SF basin. Our data evaluated 90 species and revealed distinct patterns of genetic divergence (DGs): DG<1% (73 species or 81.81%), 1%<DG<2% (9 species or 10%) and DG>2% (8 species or 8.89%). Furthermore, we detected misidentifications involving eight taxa: Phenacorhamdia tenebrosa, Cetopsorhamdia iheringi, Imparfinis mirini, I. minutus, Characidium zebra, C. lagosantense, C. fasciatum and C. gomesi. On the other hand, we found some cases of species complex and taxonomies warnings involving the genera Astyanax and Psalidodon. The cryptic and structured diversity in the evaluated species does not seem to be associated with geographic distance. Our results highlight the multiple historical processes that the São Francisco river basin experienced during its hydrogeological formation and has been facing through anthropic effects, which has heterogeneously affected the ichthyofauna of the inhabitants of this basin with different genetic signatures. In the future, we hope this information can serve as a foundation for management and conservation plans for these species in the SF basin.
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2
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PRISCILLA MONTEIRO DE OLIVEIRA
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EVALUATING THREATS TO GREEN TURTLES (Chelonia mydas) ON A COASTAL REEF
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Leader : ROBSON GUIMARAES DOS SANTOS
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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GUILHERME RAMOS DEMETRIO FERREIRA
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RICARDO JESSOUROUN DE MIRANDA
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ROBSON GUIMARAES DOS SANTOS
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RYAN CARLOS ANDRADES
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Data: 23 févr. 2023
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The increasing human population in coastal areas has intensified several threats to marine biodiversity, from unregulated fishing activities to the degradation of coastal ecosystems. In Brazil, marine protected areas have been essential for regulating the use of public coastal areas and mitigating impacts on a range of socially and economically important species. Here, we sought to understand the spatial distribution of green turtles and threats within the most extensive Brazilian federal marine protected area. We also investigate which threats are related with green turtles’ density and mortality rate. For this, we used aerial images taken by survey drones to identify green turtles and their location. We also used a database of stranded turtles with information on fibropapillomathosis presence/absence and severity, quantity of plastic ingested, and quantity of plant species ingested. All data were divided into sampling units along the protection area and statistically analyzed, seeking to understand their relationship. Our results indicated that green turtles are distributed along the entire coast and successfully identified the central and southern regions of the Costa dos Corais Protection Area (APACC) as the locations with higher density of individuals. Also, we observed that urbanization is associated with an impoverished diet, incidence of fibropapillomatosis and litter ingestion. Unexpectedly, fishing pressure was not related with mortality rates. Finally, our heat map of threats points to the city of Japaratinga as a priority area for the intensification of conservation actions within the APACC since it has multiple threats and a high density of turtles.
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3
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GISELE MARIA NUNES VIEIRA
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INFLUENCE OF FRAGMENTATION ON THE BODY CONDITION OF UNDERSTOOD BIRDS COMMUNITIES IN NORTH ATLANTIC FOREST FRAGMENTS
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Leader : MARCIO AMORIM EFE
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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ANDRE DE CAMARGO GUARALDO
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GUILHERME RAMOS DEMETRIO FERREIRA
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MARCIO AMORIM EFE
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MAURO PICHORIM
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Data: 29 mars 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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Body condition is a key indicator of individual health and fitness and is regulated by a combination of genetic and ecological factors. Birds are particularly interesting models for assessing body condition due to their great morphological and ecological diversity. However, the lack of standardization makes it difficult to determine the most appropriate parameters to evaluate this metric. Furthermore, habitat loss and fragmentation have been the subject of studies in recent decades, as fragmentation can alter processes that affect specific needs of species, causing a decrease in body condition, mainly due to a deficiency in the quality or quantity of nutritional resources. Therefore, in this study we used a scientometric approach to identify the main metrics, parameters and analyzes used to assess the body condition of birds. In addition to identifying the main ecological factors that influence these metrics. We evaluated a total of 316 articles. The main metrics used to assess body condition were "body mass" and "tarsal length", which can be influenced by a number of factors, such as abundance of food resources, weather period and environment. The most used analyzes were Linear Regression and Principal Component Analysis. The use of weight to estimate size is still the most implemented non-invasive strategy, with the length of a rigid structure usually used as a proxy for size. Then, in order to assess whether the body condition of bird communities in the Atlantic Forest of the Pernambuco Endemism Center tends to be higher in larger fragments and with better forest structure, as well as testing this variation in different precipitation regimes. Birds were studied in four protected areas in the State of Alagoas, Brazil. The body condition index (BCI) was calculated using a simple linear regression between mass and tarsus values. The significance of the difference in ICC values between the different fragments was tested using ANOVA and the variation in relation to the periods of the year using the t test. Landscape quality was assessed from forest structure through canopy cover, litter height and circumference with bark at breast height (CAP). When analyzing the ICC in the different fragments, a direct relationship with the size of the fragments was observed, in which individuals from the larger fragments obtained better mean body condition, however, no difference was observed in the condition between the different rainfall regimes analyzed. When we correlated the ICC values with the intrinsic characteristics of the fragments, significant values were observed for canopy cover and litter height, where fragments with greater canopy coverage and higher litter present a higher density of positive ICC values. On the other hand, the accumulated CAP did not present significant values.
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4
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ANA CAROLINE BATISTA DA SILVA
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Taxonomic and functional structure of fish assemblages in the continuous river-estuary of the São Francisco River and impact of non-native species
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Leader : NIDIA NOEMI FABRE
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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ROSANA MAZZONI BUCHAS
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JEAN RICARDO SIMÕES VITULE
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NIDIA NOEMI FABRE
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UEDSON PEREIRA JACOBINA
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Data: 6 avr. 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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The river-estuarine continuum comprises several highly productive environments related to constant fluctuations in environmental conditions due to the mixing of freshwater and saltwater, creating stratified environments that filter the occurrence of species along its length. The diverse habitats of these transitional aquatic ecosystems have been subjected to intense impacts resulting from the damming of rivers and the introduction of non-native species. In the present dissertation, we approach two questions, having as a model the river-estuarine continuum of the lower São Francisco River, historically impacted by hydroelectric construction and species introduction. For the first question, the response of the taxonomic structure of the fish community to physiographic and seasonal factors related to biological productivity was studied. For the second question, the impact of non-native species on the functional diversity of the community based on high-resolution trophic traits was verified. The continuum was spatially divided into three regions according to the geomorphology of the lower São Francisco: Depression (upper), Tableland (middle) and Lowland (lower). Bimonthly data on composition and abundance by fish species and quantitative diet data were collected between 2019 and 2021 with various fishing gear.
Simultaneously, abiotic data were recorded (salinity, depth, temperature, chlorophyll a, turbidity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen). The results indicate that seasonality, modeled by rainfall variation, does not influence the taxonomic structure of the fish community in the river-estuarine continuum of the São Francisco River. However, spatial differentiation in the composition and use of habitat is defined mainly by salinity. In this sense, the impact of the loss of the seasonal effect in dammed environments was discussed. Regarding the impact of non-native species on the native community of the lower São Francisco River, simulation scenarios of components of functional diversity were used, evaluating the impact on the trophic structure by removing non-native species by physiographic region. Based on the concept of trophic niche partition, high-resolution continuous trophic functional traits were estimated by analyzing the diet of native and non-native species. Non-native species were removed from simulation scenarios based on the trophic level. Ten non-native species were identified with trophic levels ranging from detritivores to carnivores, with occurrence and abundance related to the region along the continuum. The results of the simulations, according to the removal of non-native species from the lowest to the highest trophic level and later recalculating the functional indices, indicate an impact on the functional structure of the native community. From the first removal of the introduced species, there is an expansion in the functional space in the tableland region, making it possible to infer that non-native species compact the trophic niche of the species in this region. In the depression region, functional homogenization occurs. The lowland has an environmental filtering process, with non-native species being barred due to higher salinity. However, despite all the non-native species found being from freshwater, there was a low abundance of Bryconops melanurus, Cichla kelberi, Metynnis lippincottianus, Oreochromis niloticus, Pellona castelnaeana and Trachelyopterus galeatus.
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5
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VALBERTH FRANCISCO NUNES COSTA
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Assessment of the ecological status of coral reefs subjected to multiple stressors in a marine protected area through ecological indicators and biochemical responses
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Leader : TACIANA KRAMER DE OLIVEIRA PINTO
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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MIGUEL MIES
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LAZARO WENDER OLIVEIRA DE JESUS
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RICARDO JESSOUROUN DE MIRANDA
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TACIANA KRAMER DE OLIVEIRA PINTO
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Data: 13 avr. 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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Coral reefs are ecosystems that have high biomass and high productivity, providing support for the growth and development of marine organisms. In this way they have high ecological importance providing numerous services to the marine ecosystem. In recent years, major changes are taking place in the structure and ecological processes of coral reefs as a result of the increase in anthropic disturbances on a global and local scale, in the short or long term, characterizing a “crisis of functionality” in reefs, increasing rates of coral mortality and impairing the resilience potential of this ecosystem, giving rise to new reef systems with low rates of coral cover. The use of biota and information from ecological systems as quality indicators to understand the ecological status of reefs is growing. The present study aimed to evaluate the health of the coral community and the quality of reef areas through ecological and biochemical indicators. The efficiency of using these indicators as a monitoring tool and an effective instrument for decision-making in the management of these areas was evidenced in this dissertation over two chapters. In the first, the results suggest that the management of use through spatial zoning and compliance with regulations in these areas can contribute to the resilience of coral reefs, maintenance and efficiency of ecosystem, socioeconomic and cultural services in the APACC, also indicating that the creation of this zoning was an assertive decision that must be maintained and expanded. In the second chapter, it is suggested that the activities of antioxidant enzymes differ due to the seasonal effect, depending on the increase in river discharge and the concentration of some inorganic nutrients, and that even though they are exclusion areas, these zones are subject to impact and the corals are under stress. Attention is drawn to a more detailed monitoring of these areas to assist in the management and ensure efficiency in the conservation and maintenance of reef ecosystems
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6
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JOHNNY ANTONIO DA SILVA LIMA
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Local ecological knowledge reveals valuable information about the impact of global changes on coastal fisheries resources
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Leader : JOAO VITOR CAMPOS E SILVA
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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JULIA TOVAR VERBA
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SOFIA ZANK
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JOAO VITOR CAMPOS E SILVA
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ROBSON GUIMARAES DOS SANTOS
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Data: 2 mai 2023
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Global changes have caused several changes in coastal systems through pollution, over-exploitation of resources, increased temperatures in the atmosphere and oceans, in addition to extreme weather events. These changes affect different regions of the planet, causing profound impacts on socioecological systems, especially on human fishing communities that depend heavily on marine resources. In this research, we evaluated the impact of environmental changes on two coastal fishing communities in Northeast Brazil, located in the Costa dos Corais Environmental Protection Area (APACC), the largest coastal marine protected area in Brazil. Based on semi-structured interviews, we investigated the perception of fishermen and women regarding changes in fishing activity, identifying the most impacted species and the causes of the impact. The results indicate that local residents perceive impacts of global changes on fisheries resources in a broad and multidirectional way in different systems and subsystems, in addition to identifying species of high importance for local subsistence and economics and which, according to local perception, are with their populations in sharp decline or even locally extinct, as is the case of the massunim (Tivela mactroides), cockle (Anomalocardia brasiliana), ubarana (Albula vulpes), jack (Canranx hippos) grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) and crab (Mycteroperca bonaci ), for example. Our study reinforces the importance of local ecological knowledge in structuring public conservation policies, due to its high potential to elucidate complex patterns in tropical social and ecological systems, which most often lack standardized long-term monitoring programs.
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7
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CLAUDJANE BATISTA AMORIM
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CONTAMINATION OF MANGROVES BY POTENTIALLY TOXIC NON-ESSENTIAL METALS FROM HUMAN ACTIVITIES
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Leader : ANA CLAUDIA MENDES MALHADO
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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ANA CLAUDIA MENDES MALHADO
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ANTÔNIO FERNANDO DE SOUZA QUEIROZ
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GUILHERME RAMOS DEMETRIO FERREIRA
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RIVELINO MARTINS CAVALCANTE
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Data: 9 mai 2023
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The mangrove is an important ecosystem for the balance of the planet. However, contamination by potentially toxic metals puts the services offered by the ecosystem at risk, especially mercury (Hg). Sediment and root samples were collected at two points in the mangrove located in the city of Porto de Pedras. Through these samples, the concentration of Hg in the mangrove was analyzed, using the atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer. In addition to geoaccumulation indices, pollutant load and potential ecological risk being applied. All results demonstrated that the mangrove is not contaminated and does not have high levels of Hg concentrations. However, it is worth emphasizing the need for further studies in this area.
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MARCILIANO DA SILVA
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Use of zebrafish as a model system in the ecotoxicological evaluation of a surface river with socioeconomic importance for the metropolitan region of Maceió - AL
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Leader : LAZARO WENDER OLIVEIRA DE JESUS
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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DENIS MOLEDO DE SOUZA ABESSA
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JERUSA MARIA DE OLIVEIRA AMORIM
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LAZARO WENDER OLIVEIRA DE JESUS
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TACIANA KRAMER DE OLIVEIRA PINTO
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THIAGO LOPES ROCHA
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VANESSA DORO ABDALLAH KOZLOWISKI
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Data: 10 mai 2023
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There is a growing number of studies that point to the effects of anthropogenic activities on the environment, especially in aquatic ecosystems. The consumption demands of the world's population have negatively affected water resources, due to the reception of personal hygiene products, agricultural products, domestic and industrial effluents in bodies of water. In this study, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model system was used to evaluate the environmental quality of a watershed in the metropolitan region of Maceió, in northeastern Brazil. Water samples were collected according to specific protocols in three different locations (P1, P2 and P3), between the source and the mouth of the Pratagy River, with different degrees of anthropization and in two periods, in March and June 2022. The samples were destined for the determination of the physical-chemical parameters of the water and of different classes of contaminants, as well as for the embryo-larval toxicity test with zebrafish (ZELT), during 144 hours, with the analysis of lethal and non-lethal biomarkers , cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Contaminants of different classes were detected in the analyzed samples, some of them above the established limit, others prohibited for use in a large part of the globe, including Brazil, such as Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4.4 DDT), banned for decades. Regarding the mortality rate, only a significant increase was observed in the P3 of the first collection. The evaluation of the number of spontaneous movements, a biomarker of neurotoxicity, showed a difference between P3 and the negative control in the first collection and P2 and control in the second sampling. The data set evaluated corroborate the negative influence of anthropic activities practiced around the Pratagy river basin and that these can affect the survival and physiology of aquatic organisms, thus impacting this aquatic ecosystem.
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9
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LUCAS AUGUSTO DOS SANTOS SILVA
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INFLUENCE OF FOREST STRUCTURE AND NEST LOCATION ON THE RISKS OF EGG PREDATION IN THE ATLANTIC TROPICAL FOREST
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Leader : MARCIO AMORIM EFE
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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SANDRA MARIA HARTZ
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LEONARDO ESTEVES LOPES
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MARCIO AMORIM EFE
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ROBSON GUIMARAES DOS SANTOS
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Data: 12 mai 2023
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Predation risk is a dynamic spatio-temporal process in which each habitat may represent a greater or lesser risk to the prey. This risk influences the prey's decision-making to reduce its vulnerability, and anti-predation strategies include the best choice of space use. Furthermore, effects on nesting sites are differentiated due to regional patterns of habitat cover. However, little is known about activity patterns and nest-seeking strategies of predators. Furthermore, to understand these possible predation patterns some hypotheses need to be tested. Thus, this work aimed to investigate the influence of vegetation structure, nest location and predator type on predation risks of understory birds nests in the Atlantic Forest, using natural nests with artificial eggs distributed at different heights. and distances from water and, measuring variables of habitat structure, litter, canopy and vegetation density. Our results showed that mammals were the main predators of the nests, mainly those distant between 25 and 50m from the water and built on the ground or at an intermediate height. While the birds preferred higher nests without any relation to the water. We confirmed the positive relationship between sites without predation and higher vegetation density. However, although the nests near the water suffered fewer predation events, the streams chosen for the experiment did not seem to act as a barrier, since they are narrow and shallow
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10
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MARCIO JOSE COSTA DE ALBUQUERQUE LIMA JUNIOR
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INFLUENCE OF HABITATS ON FISH ASSEMBLIES IN A COASTAL MARINE PROTECTED AREA
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Leader : CLAUDIO LUIS SANTOS SAMPAIO
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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CARLOS EDUARDO LEITE FERREIRA
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CLAUDIO LUIS SANTOS SAMPAIO
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PEDRO HENRIQUE PEREIRA
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ROBSON GUIMARAES DOS SANTOS
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Data: 29 mai 2023
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Many ecologically and economically important fish species for fisheries use diverse habitats in their developmental stages, depending vitally on the connectivity between different ecosystems. In this context, knowledge about the relationships between habitat characteristics and fish assemblage composition is essential for the efficient conservation of coastal marine biodiversity. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of different marine estuarine habitats on the composition of fish assemblages and, consequently, on the connectivity between environments, and to identify priority habitats for conservation. Collections were carried out between November (2021) and April (2022) in the Reserva Extrativista Marinha Lagoa do Jequiá (RESEX de Jequiá), Alagoas (Brazil). To obtain data on richness and abundance of the ichthyofauna of mangrove estuarine habitats and with sandy, rocky, artificial and coral substrate, Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) were used. In all, 36 samples distributed among the habitats of RESEX de Jequiá were used, and 27 fish taxa from 16 families and 687 individuals were recorded. The coastal reefs stood out significantly, showing higher richness (means: S= 5.7; Nmax=51.8). The other estuarine habitats obtained similar values for richness and abundance. Regarding the occurrence of species, the reef environments had the highest frequency, with 31% (n=31), followed by the mangrove with 24% (n=24). The mangrove had the highest prominence and presence of important species for fishing. The species Anchoa sp. Lutjanus jocu and Caranx latus were the most abundant, being habitat generalists, representing good indicators of ecological connectivity between the estuarine-marine environment. Juveniles of endangered species such as Lutjanus cyanopterus (for estuaries), Sparisoma axillare and S. frondosum (for reefs) were also recorded. The ecological connectivity between the environments was evidenced due to the use of habitats by migrating taxa, revealing the importance of this ecological aspect in the maintenance of local populations. The results achieved are important to encourage management initiatives for estuarine and marine ichthyofauna of RESEX de Jequiá, especially focused on priority habitats for conservation, such as coastal reefs and mangroves, and for endangered species economically important for fishing.
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JORGE IZIDRO DOS SANTOS
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Mudanças climáticas na região da foz do Rio São Francisco: o papel das plantas alimentícias silvestres
Climate change in the region of the São Francisco outfall: the role of wild food plants
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Leader : PATRICIA MUNIZ DE MEDEIROS
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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TALINE CRISTINA DA SILVA
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VANDICK DA SILVA BATISTA
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WASHINGTON SOARES FERREIRA JUNIOR
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Data: 14 juil. 2023
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12
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RAISSA CAVALCANTE PINTO
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MEIOFAUNA COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AS AN INDICATOR OF POLLUTION BY SEWAGE: the state of the art and the responses to sewage entering urban sandy beaches
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Leader : TACIANA KRAMER DE OLIVEIRA PINTO
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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TACIANA KRAMER DE OLIVEIRA PINTO
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MELISSA FONTES LANDELL
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ANDRE MORGADO ESTEVES
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PAULO JORGE PARREIRA DOS SANTOS
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Data: 7 août 2023
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Meiofauna, an ecological group formed by organisms of diverse invertebrate taxa with intermediate size between micro- and macrofauna, is an effective tool in the assessment of environmental impacts in aquatic environments due to several factors, many of which are related to their benthic way of life. Based on this information, this dissertation was developed in two chapters: chapter 1 brings a scientometric review on the application of meiofauna as an environmental indicator in cases of sewage pollution and chapter 2 is an application of meiofauna as an indicator of the condition of sandy beaches that receive clandestine sewage dumping. For the development of chapter 1, the Scopus and Web of Science journal databases were consulted, and for the analysis of the data obtained, the R bibliometrix package and its graphic support tool biblioshiny were used. As a result, 63 articles published between 1930 and 2021 were thoroughly evaluated. Most of these articles were developed on sandy beaches receiving domestic sewage, and Nematoda was the dominant group in these researches. It was shown that there are few articles published in the area and that the largest groups of researchers are geographically restricted, with a poor collaboration network. Chapter 2, in turn, was developed in dissipative and reflective beaches of the city of Maceió, Alagoas, where there are washouts, dumping of rainwater effluents polluted by clandestine sewage. The study aimed to assess the effects of beach morphodynamics on meiofauna in direct contact with the fouled tongues, combined also with the effect of the spatial distance of the effluent and the verticality of the communities in the sediments. For this purpose, biological samples were collected from two dirty tongues of each beach type in a dry period in 2021, as well as material and data samples, such as sediment and salinity, for correlation analyzes. As a result, 17 taxonomic groups were found, the most abundant on all beaches being Nematoda. The types of beaches showed significant differences, including with respect to distances from the dirty tongue and strata. The factors that most influenced the dissimilarity of the groups were the number of total coliforms and E. coli, the asymmetry and degree of grain sorting, and salinity. The reflective beach was the one that showed the most negative response to the impacts promoted by sewage, including the decrease in meiofauna density in the upper layers of the sediment. It was proven that the beaches analyzed suffer from the impact of sewage pollution
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JUCIELIA TENORIO JUSTINO
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Nematode assemblages as an indicator of ecological quality in river springs
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Leader : TACIANA KRAMER DE OLIVEIRA PINTO
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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GIOVANNI AMADEU PAIVA DOS SANTOS
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GUILHERME RAMOS DEMETRIO FERREIRA
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RODOLFO LEANDRO DO NASCIMENTO SILVA
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TACIANA KRAMER DE OLIVEIRA PINTO
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Data: 5 sept. 2023
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Afficher le Résumé
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Springs are important in supplying water systems, and are subject to various human impacts, such as deforestation of riparian forests, pollution and erosion of banks. Nematoda are excellent bioindicators of environmental disturbances given their high density, persistence in impacted environments and rapid responses to stressors. We investigated the taxonomic and functional structure of Nematoda assemblages and responses to environmental conditions, in springs with different agricultural activities: pasture and sugarcane cultivation, and in springs without influence of these activities, as controls. For taxonomic and functional diversity, the questions were investigated: Do springs located in areas where sugarcane cultivation and pasture activities are carried out, do they have low ecological quality? Can low ecological quality be perceived through changes in the structure of Nematoda assemblages? Hypotheses were also tested regarding Nematoda morphometry: I) the size distribution of freshwater Nematoda is similar to that proposed in the literature for marine and estuarine environments, II) this ratio responds to changes in physical-chemical characteristics of the environment, represented by headwaters of a river and III) this ratio differs between headwaters with and without the influence of agricultural activities. A total of 16 springs were analysed, water and sediment samples were collected and environmental parameters measured. Nematoda were identified in genera, and their body sizes were measured. In the water, Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli, and concentration of inorganic nutrients were measured. And in the sediment, chlorophyll-a concentrations, organic matter content, mercury concentration and granulometry. Springs without influence of activities showed better ecological status with greater abundance and richness of genera, greater trophic diversity and persistent Nematoda dominance, while springs with pastures and sugarcane showed an indication of impact. The length/width ratio of Nematoda presents a bimodal distribution, in different size ranges of marine environments. With differences in response to animal grazing activities and sugarcane cultivation, and to environmental variables, proving to be useful in assessing environmental quality in a freshwater environment.
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RENATA CONSTANT DE AMORIM LEMOS
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NON-ESSENTIAL METALS IN UNDERSTORE WILD BIRDS IN DIFFERENT ATLANTIC FOREST FRAGMENTS.
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Leader : MARCIO AMORIM EFE
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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TAILISI HOPPE TREVIZANI
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LEILA OLIVEIRA SANTOS
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LUCAS AUGUSTO KAMINSKI
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MARCIO AMORIM EFE
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Data: 13 sept. 2023
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The Atlantic Forest north of the São Francisco River, known as the Pernambuco Endemism Center, is the most critical area of the biome, mainly due to the devastation caused by sugarcane. In the process of producing alcohol and sugar, one of the stages is burning to harvest sugarcane, during which countless natural predators are eliminated, requiring the great use of pesticides, such as herbicides, in addition to other mineral fertilizers. Present in these compounds are non-essential metals with great potential for environmental pollution, causing major impacts on ecosystems. Among organisms that can suffer from this contamination are birds, which have specific eating habits, the ability to carry out large displacements and great sensitivity and low levels of detoxifying enzymes. The study was carried out in three fragments of Atlantic Forest protected by the Pernambuco Endemism Center (PEC) in Alagoas. For analysis, 10 feathers were collected from the chest of understory forest birds. Our study found only the presence of aluminum in the samples. On dry periods, birds of the species Schiffornis turdina from ESEC-Murici showed much higher aluminum concentrations than birds of the same species from Mata do Cedro. Furthermore, aluminum concentrations were much higher in September in the avifauna of RPPN Mata do Matão. The results showed the need for attention in the study areas that showed levels of aluminum contamination, proving to be a threat to the local fauna and flora, requiring attention in relation to the large use of mineral fertilizers.
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1
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JOÃO PAULO FELIX AUGUSTO DE ALMEIDA
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Hybridization and transoceanic migration of sea turtles from Alagoas, Southwest Atlantic Ocean
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Leader : TAMI MOTT
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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KIM RIBEIRO BARAO
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LILIANA POGGIO COLMAN
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RICARDO JESSOUROUN DE MIRANDA
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ROBSON GUIMARAES DOS SANTOS
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SIBELLE TORRES VILAÇA
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TACIANA KRAMER DE OLIVEIRA PINTO
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TAMI MOTT
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Data: 16 janv. 2023
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Hybridization among sea turtles have been sparsely described, however recent studies from the coast of Brazil have reported high incidence of this phenomenon. Here we investigate hybridization among four sea turtle species in nesting and feeding grounds in north-eastern Brazil. Using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA we were able to identify hybrids between loggerheads and hawksbills, loggerheads and olive ridleys and loggerhead and green turtles. Additionally, we identified a hawksbill haplotype typical of Indo-Pacific rookeries. Our results indicate that hybridization events might be even more geographically spread along the coast of Brazil and reinforce the connection between hawksbills from the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific ocean basins.
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2
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CICERO DIOGO LINS DE OLIVEIRA
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Bioecological attributes as extinction risk predictors of marine elasmobranchs
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Leader : VANDICK DA SILVA BATISTA
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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CLAUDIO LUIS SANTOS SAMPAIO
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FRANCISCO MARCANTE SANTANA DA SILVA
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LUCAS AUGUSTO KAMINSKI
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MATHEUS OLIVEIRA FREITAS
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OTTO BISMARCK FAZZANO GADIG
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VANDICK DA SILVA BATISTA
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Data: 23 févr. 2023
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Marine elasmobranchs stand out for their high risk of extinction and a portion of the species still do not have appropriate data to be evaluated, such as growth parameters, reproduction and fishing data. Therefore, the study proposes to discriminate biological and ecological attributes that are simple to obtain that can be used as effective predictors to predict levels of threat of extinction. For this, we carried out a survey of valid species and extraction of more general attributes of these species (eg, maximum length, habitat, reproductive mode, trophic level, conservation status, among others), in the Shark-References, IUCN and FishBase databases. . To extract these data, we used the rfishbase package of the R software. A correlation matrix was performed to identify which attributes were highly correlated, which were excluded. To determine which bioecological attributes are best predictors of threat status, we used generalized linear models (GLMs), modeling IUCN threat status (not including NE and DD categories) as a function of attributes. Subsequently, we evaluated the assertive rate of the models, and sequentially applied the models to the species categorized as NE and DD. Data from 1,173 species of marine elasmobranchs were compiled, of which 537 are sharks and 636 are rays. The GLM model pointed out that species with histotrophic viviparity and long body length were the most threatened. On the other hand, pelagic-oceanic and shallower species were estimated to be less threatened. The assertiveness rate of the models shows that the most general scale (which determines whether the species is or is not at risk of extinction) was greater than 70%. When applying these models to species classified as NE and DD, we identified that 63% of stingray species are at some degree of extinction risk and 58% for sharks. Therefore, these bioecological attributes can indicate species with greater risk of extinction, thus being able to subsidize their prioritization in population assessments.
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3
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CACILDA MICHELE CARDOSO ROCHA CELA
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Reef fish studies in the Southwest Atlantic: Advances in Marine Conservation
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Leader : CLAUDIO LUIS SANTOS SAMPAIO
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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CLAUDIO LUIS SANTOS SAMPAIO
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RICHARD JAMES LADLE
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ROBSON GUIMARAES DOS SANTOS
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VINÍCIUS JOSÉ GIGLIO FERNANDES
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CLEVERSON ZAPELINI DOS SANTOS
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JOSÉ AMORIM REIS-FILHO
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Data: 28 févr. 2023
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Scientific knowledge about reef fish is strategic for the conservation and management of tropical coral reefs, and South Atlantic one of the largest areain shallow and deep reef fishes. This research study investigated trends, gaps and perspectives in the Southwest Atlantic, in publications on the Web of Science. Through articles we analysedbibliometric networks, scientific areas, keywords, types, processes and components of ecosystems studied between 1960 and 2020. Publications grew exponentially (R² = 0.807) throughout this time, mainly in the areas of Ecology and Biology. Co-authoring networks were established mainly between Brazilian, North American and Australian universities. Most of the scientific publications in Brazil come from public federal universities (83%). Applied Ecology had a low number of publications(11%), but knowledge advanced for conservation. Ecology & Evolution (7%) and Taxonomy,Systematic&Phylogenetics (5%)need to expand with respect toendemic species, interactions and trophic webs. New perspectives in Ethnobiology and Ethnoecology (1.9%) emerge as promising fields, to complement research gaps on fisheries by considering local ecological knowledge. The recent environmentaldisasters that occurred along the coast of Brazil reinforce the need to apply Ecotoxicology tomonitoring surveys. Our findings support the need to maintain and increase investments in Science and Technology in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic region. However, the conservation, management and governance of these areas will require greater efforts from society, academia and public authorities.It is necessary to establish dialoguenetworks between society, academia and managers to reconcile human needs with morestrategic sustainable development initiatives.
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4
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CIRO RAMON FELIX DOS SANTOS SILVA
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Microbiologia da filosfera: Explorando a biodiversidade, ecologia e taxonomia no sistema leveduras-bromélias em escala global e no semiárido brasileiro
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Leader : MELISSA FONTES LANDELL
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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PAULA BENEVIDES DE MORAIS
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ANDRÉ RODRIGUES
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CARLOS AUGUSTO ROSA
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GILBERTO COSTA JUSTINO
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LUCAS AUGUSTO KAMINSKI
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MELISSA FONTES LANDELL
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Data: 16 mars 2023
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Regiões secas (drylands) são áreas com índices de aridez ≤0,65. Nesse tipo de ambiente as chuvas são escassas e ocorrem em pulsos (eventos raros de super-disponibilidade de recursos). Durante a seca, a demanda nutricional e metabólica é diminuída. Desta maneira, quanto maior o tempo de seca, maior o reservatório nutricional acumulado no ambiente. O tamanho do reservatório influencia a intensidade da resposta ao pulso de água. Ou seja, existe uma ‘memória’ ambiental do evento de chuva anterior. Outro exemplar de ecossistema com frequente déficit de água é a filosfera (parte aérea das plantas). Esse ambiente intermedia a relação da planta com ambiente e é uma fonte megadiversa de microrganismos. A filosfera de bromélias, plantas tipicamente neotropicais, abrigam diversos grupos microbianos, incluindo leveduras. Entretanto, o conhecimento sobre leveduras em bromélias é disperso e ainda incipiente. Neste estudo nossos objetivos foram: 1) Compilar, sintetizar e compreender a extensão do conhecimento sobre leveduras da filosfera de bromélias em escala global. 2) Verificar o efeito da chuva e da memória ambiental sobre a diversidade e estrutura taxonômica, filogenética e funcional das leveduras da filosfera de bromélias na Caatinga. 3) Caracterizar a possível nova espécie Carlosrosaea caatingensis sp. nov.. Para tanto, a literatura sobre leveduras em bromélias foi sistematicamente revisada. Ademais, leveduras foram isoladas regularmente durante dois anos a partir de bromélias na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Tocaia, no município de Santana do Ipanema, Sertão alagoano. Na produção acadêmica das últimas três décadas foram encontrados registros de mais de 180 espécies de leveduras na filosfera de bromélias, distribuídos em quatro compartimentos: flores, frutos, folhas e tanques. Cerca de 70% das espécies ocorreram exclusivamente em um único compartimento e apenas 2% foram comuns a todos. Mais de 20 novas espécies de leveduras foram descritas em bromélias nesse período e ao menos 50 espécies mostraram algum potencial biotecnológico. Quanto ao efeito das chuvas, a diversidade-alfa não diferiu significativamente entre períodos sazonais. Entretanto, a composição taxonômica divergiu em mais de 70%, embora tenha se mostrado funcionalmente estável. A chuva, seca e a memória ambiental tiveram pouca influência nas métricas de diversidade. No entanto, mostraram relação com a estrutura da comunidade. A análise das regiões ITS e D1/D2 do gene 26S rRNA de isolados da Caatinga indicou uma possível nova espécie com afinidade ao gênero Carlosrosaea. Diante disso, caracterizamos e propomos a espécie C. caatingensis sp. nov.. Nossos resultados trazem informações sobre a diversidade e dinâmica das leveduras da filosfera de bromélias e como ela se relaciona com os pulsos de chuva, seca, sazonalidade e efeito de memória. Compreendendo o efeito da chuva e da seca na microbiota da filosfera, principalmente em regiões secas, podemos estimar como a comunidade microbiana das folhas será afetada pelas mudanças climáticas que alteram os ciclos seco-úmido e, consequentemente, como isso se relaciona com o hospedeiro.
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5
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FELIPE ALEXANDRE SANTOS VIEIRA
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The effect of sustainable use protected areas on the perception of Cultural Ecosystem Services and Disservices and social equity in the Amazon rainforest
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Leader : RICHARD JAMES LADLE
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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BRÁULIO ALMEIDA SANTOS
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HENRIQUE FERNANDES DE MAGALHÃES
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JULIANA STROPP CARNEIRO
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GUILHERME RAMOS DEMETRIO FERREIRA
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RICHARD JAMES LADLE
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ROBSON GUIMARAES DOS SANTOS
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Data: 27 avr. 2023
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Cultural ecosystem services (CES) accessed through human-nature interactions contribute diverse benefits to individuals and societies, including enhanced security, basic material for good life, physical and mental health and good social relations (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). It follows that natural areas can be managed to increase or maximize the provision of CES, with the aim of improving human well- being while simultaneously meeting conservation goals. To date, the most important scientific contributions for the classification of ecosystems’ services, including the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005), the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (Haines-Young and Potschin, 2018) and the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB, 2010) have clearly under-considered how nature sometimes acts against humans. Now, a huge part of the ecosystem services scientific community is contributing to fill this gap by exploring the negative influence of nature on human thrives, often framing it as ecosystem disservices: ecosystem services that are harmful to human well-being (Blanco et al., 2019; Dunn, 2010; Echeverri et al., 2020, 2019). Likewise, the nature's contributions to people (NCP) framework (created by the Intergovernmental Panel on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) has recently broadened the framing of the ‘stock-and-flow’ of ecosystem services to include both beneficial and detrimental contributions of living nature, highlighting historically under-represented social sciences and indigenous people’s perspectives (Díaz et al., 2018). While the need for such a conceptual shift has been widely debated (cf. Braat, 2018; Faith, 2018; Kadykalo et al., 2019; Maes et al., 2018), the ecosystem disservices concept is becoming an important part of contemporary conservation discourse. Indeed, the recent coronavirus pandemic provides a dramatic example of how nature can generate enormous disservices to humanity, directly and indirectly decreasing human well-being and impacting economies across the world (Arthi and Parman, 2021; Dawel et al., 2020) . The balance between ecosystem services and disservices is of particular importance for communities living within or adjacent to protected areas (PAs). In the Brazilian amazon, for example, sustainable use PAs (where local communities are allowed to extract natural resources) may generate a wide range of cultural and economic benefits whilst contributing to the recovery of endangered animal populations (Campos-Silva and Peres, 2016) and yet they are often threatened by politicians that see them as opportunity costs in the way of economic development (Keles et al., 2020; Pack et al., 2016) . Thus, arguments to justify increasing public investment in Amazonian PAs should foresee counter arguments (“push-back”) from landowners and associated stakeholders. The land-holder and agricultural lobby has a huge influence on Brazilian politics and decision making, and their support is arguably critical for the successful implementation of pro-environmental policies in the Amazon (Garret et al. 2021). In this sense, environmental evaluations should ideally weigh benefits and costs that ecosystems generate to local people as a first step towards strengthening arguments in favour of conservation in Brazil. The relation between sustainable use protected areas and CES/CED (Cultural Ecosystem Disservices) perceived by local residents in rural communities is clearly
under-explored in the scientific literature. Here, we aim to assess the influence of two amazonian sustainable-use protected areas on the perception of CES and CED. Specifically, we conducted surveys with individuals from 30 communities inside and outside the Protected Areas and used our data to respond to the following questions: do people inside and outside sustainable use protected areas perceive CES and CED differently? Do socioeconomic characteristics influence the perception of CES and CED in and out sustainable use protected areas? Our study takes place in the Medio Jurua Extractive Reserve and the Uacari Sustainable Development Reserve; two well- established PAs in the Amazon Rainforest that are often described as successful examples of community-based management of natural resources, generating clearly positive outcomes to both people and nature (Campos-Silva and Peres, 2016; Campos- Silva et al., 2021, 2018).
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HECTOR MAURICIO CASANOVA NAVARRO
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Filamentous Fungi Associated with Coral Reefs in the Blue Amazon: Bioprospecting of Secondary Metabolites and Potential Biological Activities
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Leader : MELISSA FONTES LANDELL
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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MELISSA FONTES LANDELL
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CLAUDIO LUIS SANTOS SAMPAIO
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GILBERTO COSTA JUSTINO
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JOAO XAVIER DE ARAUJO JUNIOR
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LUIZ HENRIQUE ROSA
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CECILIA VERÔNICA NUNEZ
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ALEXANDRE JOSÉ MACEDO
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Data: 7 déc. 2023
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Global changes have an impact on marine ecosystems, affecting corals and their microbiota. The Brazilian coastal zone, spanning approximately 8,000 km, is home to a variety of ecosystems and is often referred to as the blue Amazon. Fungi, which represent about 1% (~1900) of the species described in this group, are part of the microorganisms that constitute the microbiota of corals and sponges. These marine fungi produce a range of natural products (NPs) through unique biosynthetic pathways, exhibiting potential biological activities and playing a role in host defense. The NPs of marine fungi have been highlighted in the discovery of new antimicrobials against emerging pathogens. This study aimed to bioprospect and characterize secondary metabolites with biological activities from filamentous fungi originating from sponges and corals in the blue Amazon. Traditional culture media and techniques based on the activation of biosynthetic pathways were used to enhance the richness of secondary metabolites (MSs) of fungi, which belong to the Microbial Diversity and Biotechnology Laboratory (LDBM) - UFAL. Chemical analysis techniques were employed to annotate the synthesized MSs and assess their biotechnological potential in controlling emerging human pathogens. Seven species were selected from the LDBM-UFAL mycotheque, including Aspergillus ruber FMPV 02; Epicocum chloridis FMPV 05; Aspergillus sydowii FMPV 10; Aspergillus flavus FMPV 11; Curvularia sp. FMPV 12; Penicillium pedernalense FMS 066; Pyrenochaetopsis sp. FMS 104. Extracts obtained from the mycelium and culture supernatant were evaluated. Two strains, E. chloridis FMPV 05 and A. sydowii FMPV 10, exhibited antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The extracts and fractions of these two fungi contained several compounds, with diketopiperazines Leu-Pro cycle (12.62%) and its isomer (21.15%), Phe-Val cycle (6.22%) and Pro cycle -Phe (4.50%) standing out as potentially responsible for the antimicrobial activity and control of pathogen virulence factors. Using the one-strain-of-many-compounds (OSMAC) strategy, the fungus A. sydowii FMPV 10 exhibited antimicrobial activity against C. albicans and C. neoformans. A 95% difference was observed in the compounds synthesized in the different media used, demonstrating that different cultivation strategies enhance the production of MSs with varying chemical and biological profiles. Marine filamentous fungi from the blue Amazon are a promising source for obtaining natural products with biotechnological potential. The strains E. chloridis FMPV 05 and A. sydowii FMPV 10 produced molecules with antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi pathogenic to human health. However, to understand the role of these microorganisms in marine ecosystems, further studies are needed that include strategies and techniques aimed at linking chemodiversity and functional roles in the marine environment.
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