The dairy industry is experiencing significant growth in various countries due to the increasing demand for milk and its derivatives, propelling the agricultural sector in both developed and developing nations. However, this surge in dairy production has environmental consequences, such as intensive consumption of natural resources, land occupation, and the generation of highly polluting effluents. An additional challenge arises with milk whey, a liquid byproduct resulting from dairy processing, requiring proper treatment and disposal. To address these issues, various strategies have been employed to treat dairy industry effluents, including aerobic and anaerobic biological processes, which present promising alternatives. Biological treatment technology, particularly through the use of microalgae, especially during tertiary (advanced) treatment, emerges as a promising option due to its efficiency in removing organic compounds, notably residual nitrogen and phosphorus from the secondary (primary) treatment process, with reduced operational costs. In this context, the present study aims to analyze the milk whey treatment process (after primary treatment) by microalgae, targeting the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP), seeking compliance with discharge standards required by legislation and applying optimization strategies for the process (treatment time, semi-continuous mode, co-cultivation with filamentous fungi, and the use of 1.5 vvm aeration). The experiment was conducted using the microalga Tetradesmus obliquus, as well as co-cultivation with the filamentous fungus Cunninghamella echinulata, combined with forced aeration in semi-continuous mode in an open reactor. Two organic loads were applied, C₁ and C₂ (~ COD = 550 e 2200, TN =15 e 60 and TP = 5 e 20 mg.L^-1, respecctively), representing the experiments with microalga of C_M1 and C_M2, and for the co-cultivation with fungus of C_MF1 and C_MF2. It was evident that the consortium demonstrated greater stability and higher efficiency in contaminant removal compared to the treatment system containing only the microalga, at both volumetric replacement rates (VRR) of 40% and 60%, while only 40% was viable when the microalga was used alone. Regarding the residual COD concentration, C_MF1 exhibited a COD variation in the range of 62 to 88 mg.L^-1, staying within the limits established by the European Union standard (125 mg.L^-1), while C_MF2 obtained a residual COD between 165-250 mg.L^-1, requiring another treatment step to achieve discharge standards; however, the treatment efficiency was high in both cases (> 70%). In terms of total nitrogen, both organic loads C_MF1 and C_MF2 obtained residual concentrations between 2-10 mg.L^-1, complying with European legislation discharge standards (10 mg.L^-1). Finally, for total phosphorus, similarly to COD, C_MF1 was efficiently treated, with residual concentrations between 0.65-0.9 mg.L^-1 meeting European legislation (between 1-2 mg.L^-1), while for C_a, residual values ranged from 2-3.5 mg.L^-1, indicating the need for additional treatment. This raises a question: if total nitrogen was removed in both organic loads, COD and total phosphorus may not have been removed due to the limitation of this cellular macrocomponent, hence studying the COD:N:P ratio of the effluent is necessary in subsequent studies. The obtained dry cell weight varied between 300-900 mg.L^-1 and can be used for biotechnological applications. Finally, during co-cultivation, there was greater system buffering with less pH variation, ensuring greater system stability.

In Brazil, dairy factories face similar challenges, with whey, a by-product of cheese production, being a significant source of polluting waste due to its high organic load. To address this, processes such as bioremediation are employed, including aerobic processes (such as activated sludge) and anaerobic processes (anaerobic digestion) during secondary (primary) treatment. In order to treat contaminants that, although reduced in the effluent, still exceed discharge standards, tertiary (advanced or polishing) treatment is employed. In this regard, microalgae can be used, and when combined with other microorganisms such as yeast, they enhance treatment. This approach is effective in nutrient removal, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as reducing the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD). This study aimed to evaluate the treatment of whey through the co-cultivation of Tetradesmus obliquus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a batch bubble column reactor aerated at 1.5 vvm and 100 µmol m-2 s-1. Initially, experiments operated with different concentrations of organic loads (300-400, 600-815, 1610, and 3240 mg L-1 for COD, 8-47 for NT, and 2.5-2.89, 5-6, 12, and 25 mg L-1 for TP) for 7 days. Results with the consortium showed higher removal efficiency, achieving removal efficiencies of 94.07% for COD, 95.18% for total phosphorus (TP), and 83.61% for total nitrogen (TN). When yeast was used, maximum removal efficiencies were 78.22%, 77.56%, and 58.09% for COD, TN, and TP, respectively. Residual values for the two lower organic loads for the three parameters were in accordance with the maximum values stipulated by the legislation considered. Biomass growth in the consortium was higher than in yeast monoculture, with values ranging from 72-380 mL-1, proportional to the organic loads used. It was observed that the system, which had a COD:N ratio of 50, was limited by nitrogen, and for this reason, in a later stage, COD:N ratios of 25 and 12.5 were studied for the two lower organic loads. With the new ratios, it was indeed found that nitrogen supplementation enhanced treatment, achieving the same parameters as in the previous stage but reducing the treatment time from 7 to 3 days. It is important to note that microbial sludge growth increased considerably, and pH could be easily controlled. Therefore, bioremediation using the microalgae-yeast consortium demonstrates good technical feasibility for tertiary treatment of this effluent to meet the required standards before discharge into water bodies.

Mordenite is a synthetic zeolite with a relatively high Si/Al ratio, with values between 5 and 20, which has potential in the field of catalysis in different industrial processes, such as hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and alkylation reactions, due to its high acidity and thermal stability. However, mordenite is generally considered a one-dimensional pore system, which causes diffusional limitations to the active sites. To overcome this issue, introducing mesopores is a facile approach. The present work promoted the study of a new approach to the synthesis of the mordenite zeolite using monosodium glutamate via hydrothermal method at 170 ºC in an oven with agitation of 60 rpm at different crystallization times. Zeolites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, adsorption/desorption of nitrogen and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia. The selected samples were evaluated in the n-hexane and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene cracking reactions. The materials were obtained with high crystallinity, with the increment in the Si/Al ratio and decrease in the density of acid sites with the increase in the monosodium glutamate content. Thermal analysis revealed complete removal of the amino acid salt from the zeolite structure after washing. The micrographs showed crystal clusters of <10 μm with variable geometry and partial disaggregation of the crystals with the use of glutamate. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements simultaneously indicated an improvement in micro and mesoporosity for the materials synthesized with monosodium glutamate/alumina ratio of 2 and 4, with an increase of 8% and up to 33% in the volume of micropores and mesopores, respectively. The catalytic tests of nhexane cracking resulted in a higher tendency for the formation of olefins. Lower values for the apparent activation energy were obtained in the thermocatalytic degradation of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the presence of zeolites, with a percentage reduction ranging from 19 to 36% compared to pure polymer

The study of percolation of fluids in porous media is necessary in several processes to help understand the behavior of the fluid inside the pores. It is of paramount importance for solving problems related to cases of oil spills. This work aimed to carry out the numerical validation of the percolation of petroleum derivatives in porous media using OpenFoam. A series of numerical simulations were carried out using the OpenFoam program and the physicochemical characteristics of automotive lubricating oil samples were analyzed.

The growth of urbanization and, consequently, the construction industry plays an important role in the global economy. However, this sector is responsible for significant environmental impacts, mainly related to the production of large quantities of solid waste, which, combined with issues arising from excessive consumption of natural raw materials, pose significant challenges for global sustainable development. To address these challenges, the development of processes that enable recycling and/or reutilization of these waste materials, considered the most environmentally friendly alternatives, has been the main focus of study in this field. In this context, this work aims to evaluate the potential use of construction and demolition waste (CDW) as adsorbent material in the treatment of contaminated water. To achieve this, a bibliometric study and adsorption experiments were conducted. The main results of the bibliometric analysis indicate a significant growth in interest in the studied topic worldwide in recent years. A total of 70 documents from 31 countries were retrieved, with China (26) standing out as the most productive country. The keyword network used by the authors indicates that the recovered publications mainly address aspects related to the acquisition, treatment, and utilization of construction and demolition waste (CDW) for the removal of various pollutants. The synthesis route and the combination with other materials and/or techniques were also depicted in the retrieved works. These results constitute an important tool for guiding future research on the subject. In the adsorption tests, the material was chemically and thermally treated, and its adsorption efficiency was tested. The material with the best performance was then characterized (FTIR, XRD, SEM, TG, BET, and EDX) and used in the adsorption experiments. The kinetic tests showed an adsorption rate of 0.065 mg/min during the first 120 minutes, which then decreased over time, reaching 0.026 mg/min until reaching adsorption equilibrium after 5 hours. The experimental data obtained showed a better fit to the Elovich model with an adsorption capacity of 8 mg/g. For the isotherms, the Sips model provided the best fit. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the reaction is spontaneous, and the process is exothermic. Through the regeneration tests, a maximum regeneration efficiency of approximately 65% was achieved when using 100 mmol/L of H2O2 in the presence of Fe2+ for a period of 4 hours. These results demonstrate the high potential of using CDW as adsorbent material.

The capture and storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) has been indicated as an effective strategy to reduce the emissions of this gas with the greatest impact on the greenhouse effect. Several studies have focused on the application of mesoporous silica materials in CO2 adsorption processes. And SBA-15 has stood out as a CO2 capture capture agent to its large pore volume and diameter and high thermal and hydrothermal performance. However, the synthesis of these materials still has a high cost due to the complexity in the processing to obtain tetraethylorthosilicate and the use of synthetic surfactants to model these materials. The objective of the present work was the synthesis of mesoporous silica materials, using sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as a silica source and sucrose as a structure modeler, for the adsorption of CO2. The materials were synthesized with sucrose in different molar ratio (0, 0,3, 1, 2 e 3) in relation to silica (SiO2). The structures of mesoporous were prepared and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) and nitrogen adsorption at -196°C, confirming the formation of a mesoporous silica structure and showing that increasing sucrose composition during synthesis resulted in improved properties and textures of these materials. The samples prepared with higher sucrose composition obtained the best results obtained the best results for surface area, 322 and 343 m2 ∙g-1, and pore diameter, 7 and 9 nm, respectively. The results obtained in the adsorption tests found that the structures synthesized with sucrose correlated better with the Elovich Kinetic model, indicating that chemisorption is a rate-limiting step in the CO2 adsorption process of these materials. The adsorbents prepared with higher sucrose composition showed better adsorption capacities, 44.37 and 47.81 mg.g-1, respectively, reaching adsorption capacity superior to other mesoporous silica structures.

This work aimed to obtain information regarding the use of microalgae and the co-cultivation of microalgae with other microorganisms (bacteria, filamentous fungi and yeasts) in the treatment of wastewater, specifically the dairy wastewater, and petroleum produced water. For this, a literature review regarding open system cultivation revealed information about the ability to remove contaminants (mainly Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP)) present in industrial effluents by microalgae and their consortia with other microbial groups. Microalgae-bacteria consortia are used mainly due to the great capacity to remove organic matter from bacteria and better assimilation of nitrogen and phosphorus by microalgae. On the other hand, lines of research using the consortium of microalgae with yeasts and filamentous fungi have gained attention, first because yeasts can accumulate a high lipid content, as well as microalgae, and can therefore be used, for example, in the production of biodiesel, and in the case of filamentous fungi to increase the capacity of effluent treatment containing molecules complex organic compounds (the metabolic power of fungi is superior to that of microalgae) and helps in the process of harvesting microalgal biomass. But it is recognized that the biotechnological applications for these two groups can be expanded, therefore, research is necessary. The type of bioreactor and mode of operation significantly influence the effluent treatment process using microalgae. Thus, a review of the operating modes showed that batch and fed-batch cultivations present lower risks of contamination, while the continuous and semi-continuous modes have higher productivity rates. Combining the use of effluents, reactors and mode of operation in conjoint with the nutritional and environmental requirements, can reach removal rates for COD, nitrogen and phosphorus greater than 90%. After, a kinetic model was developed to describe simultaneous removal of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and microbial growth in wastewater treatment using microalgae, applying the n-order model for contaminant consumption, Monod (a limiting substrate) and Silva and Cerqueira (multiple substrates) for microbial growth. The results demonstrate the ability of these models to predict the treatment behavior of different industrial effluents. Additionally, an experimental procedure was performed, in which the cultivation of the microalgae Tetradesmus obliquus in the treatment of whey in open ponds was evaluated through experiments carried out at different organic loads (0.5-4% v/v) and light intensities (25- 200 µmol m^-2 s^-1). It was possible to efficiently remove COD, nitrogen and phosphorus with rates greater than 80% at higher light intensities (25-200 µmol m^-2 s^-1) in all analysed organic loads, with emphasis on the lower ones (0.5 and 1% v/v) because they have a final concentration of contaminants in accordance with the legislation. In addition, a literature review on the biological treatment of oil produced water was carried out, and it was shown that there are few published works when compared to other effluents, mainly due to the characteristic of this wastewater, such as xenobiotic substances, high oil and grease content, and high salinity. In this sense, physical and chemical processes are more applied, although they are more effective when the treated water is used for reinjection in the wells, but due to the high salinity and the presence of toxic compounds, it is suggested the bioremediation of the effluent when the water produced it can be used for other noble purposes such as irrigation. Studies using bacteria, microalgae, filamentous fungi and yeasts were found, the first one being the most prominent, but showing the potential and need for further studies with other microbial groups. In this sense, experiments were conducted to treat produced water in a bubble column reactor using the co-culture of microalgae (Tetradesmus obliquus) and filamentous fungi (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium oxalicum and Cunninghamella echinulata). The species C. echinulata achieved higher TOG removal rates (90-95%), initially with 312-2500 mg L^-1, being more efficient than microalgae for this parameter. At different salinity concentrations (5-50 g L^-1), and T. obliquus remained alive up to 25 g L^-1, while the fungus C. echinulata grew at all salinity concentrations and removed TOG at rates between (80-95%). Finally, the co-culture of T. obliquus-C. echinulata removed up to 63.4 and 36.58% of nitrogen and phosphorus, with initial concentrations between 50-150 and 30 mg L^-1, respectively.

The use of industrial waste containing abundant carbohydrates, lipids and proteins represents an alternative source of renewable energy that is gaining prominence today. Waste from the sugar and alcohol agroindustry, such as vinasse and sugar cane molasses, are rich in organic matter and, therefore, when subjected to the anaerobic digestion process, they can be converted into hydrogen, organic acids and methane. By maintaining control of specific operational parameters, it is possible to inhibit the formation of methane and favor the production of only H2 and/or acids. In this context, the objective of this study was to use the co-fermentation of vinasse and molasses to produce hydrogen. To this end, in a first phase (F1), based on the experimental design of the Simplex Lattice mixture, batch tests were carried out to evaluate the synergistic and/or antagonistic effects of vinasse (V) and molasses (M) in search of the best percentage composition of substrates (V100/M0 = R1, V75/M25 = R2, V50/M50 = R3, V25/M75 = R4, V0/M100 = R5) that resulted in maximum H2 production and used the highest possible percentage of vinasse, for This is the substrate that in the sugar and alcohol industry is the final residue of the process and has a great environmental impact. Based on the best condition observed in F1, a second phase (F2) was implemented, also in batch reactors. The influence of the initial concentration in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD 6 and 9 g/L), temperature (T between 35 and 45 °C) and initial pH (5.5 and 6.5) were tested based on in a complete factorial design (23). At this stage, five response variables were evaluated, three of which were obtained from adjusting the data to the Modified Gompertz model (maximum production potential - P, maximum production rate - Rm and duration of the lag phase - ʎ). The other dependent variables were the volumetric production rate (VHPRDQOapl) and the volumetric hydrogen yield (VHYDQOapl). In F1, the results showed that the use of vinasse at 75% or more caused instability in H2 production. Maximum values of 595.63 mL-H2/g-DQOapl and 50.63 mL-H2/(g-DQOapl.d) were obtained, both verified in the V50/M50 condition, which, according to the Tukey test, these were results statistically similar to those observed at V25/M75 and V0/M100. Vinasse and molasses interacted synergistically in the mixtures. Highly significant (p ≤ 0.05) quadratic models with good fits were obtained for yield (R2 = 0.98) and H2 production rate (R2 = 0.92). In F2, with the initial composition of the feed fixed at 50% of each substrate, the maximum values of P (925.05 mL-H2), Rm (1.24 mL-H2/h), VHYDQOapl (1.56 L-H2/g-DQOapl) and VHPRDQOapl (54.98 mL-H2/g-DQOapl/d) in the condition of lower temperature and higher COD and pH. The lag phase lasted from 0.00 hours (6 g/L, pH 6.5 and 35 °C) to 36.30 hours (9 g/L, pH 5.5 and 45 °C). pH was the most influential factor with a positive effect on the response variables, except under ʎ, which presented temperature as the most influential factor and pH with a negative effect. Temperature revealed a negative influential effect on responses, except under ʎ. The effect of COD was significantly positive for P, Rm and ʎ, but had negligible influence in relation to VHY and VHPR. Significant and well-adjusted linear models were obtained to relate the COD, pH and T factors with each response, all with R2 > 0.9.

Nitrate is the most frequent contaminant in aquifers around the world. Anthropogenic activity
is the factor that most contributes to the contamination of water by the compost. Among the
sources of contamination, the inappropriate discharge of domestic wastewater is one of the most
relevant. In Brazil, there is an absence of sewage collection networks and the widespread use
of the septic tank and sink as an alternative is an aggravating factor in terms of groundwater
contamination. In this context, the present research aimed to evaluate the potential of using the
microalgae Scenedesmus sp. in the remediation of groundwater contaminated by nitrate, nitrite
and ammonia, considering the influence of nutritional and environmental factors in the process.
The experiments were set up in batch and semi-continuous mode, with surface and forced
aeration (0.5vvm), light intensities between 50 and 200 μmol m-2
s
-1
, pH range 8.0 - 8.5, nitrate
initial 50 - 400 mg/L, initial nitrite 0 - 16.8 mg/L, initial ammonia 0.0 - 9.0 mg/L, total
phosphate concentration 0 - 60 mg/L and cultivation time between 3 and 15 days. In batch
experiments, either with modified BG-11 culture medium or with real effluent, nitrate removals
reached up to 100% and total phosphate removal up to 94%, when carried out under forced
aeration. On the other hand, when the experiment was carried out in a semi-continuous way,
until the third cycle, an average of 87% of nitrate removal was obtained for a 20% of
bioreactor’s renewal, 79% of removal when the renewal was 40%, 57% removal for 60%
reactor refresh and 50% of the nitrate was removed when the bioreactor refresh was 80%. In
this manner, the volumetric replacement rates of 40 - 60% were those that showed greater
stability in the production of biomass, in the removal of nitrate and phosphate, also
demonstrating that low or very high replacement rates do not meet the required stability of the
system for the time adopted for each cycle. Thus, the results show the potential of Scenedesmus
sp. for remediation and adequacy of contaminated groundwater to current potability standards.

Oil and its derivatives are applied in different ways in today's society and its commercialization, handling and disposal have raised concerns regarding the potential for contamination in soils and groundwater in cases of spillage. Thus, this present work carried out physical tests of the spillage of automotive lubricating oils evaluating the effect of viscosity (0w20 – 47.6 cSt, 5w30 – 64 cSt and 20w50 – 134.7cSt) and granulometry in sandy media with different particle sizes (Praia do Saco – 3.0630 in diameter, Cruz das Almas – 5.0644 in diameter and Barra de São Miguel – 5.4680 in diameter). In the verification of the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of the sands, the values of the Sauter diameters, the distribution of the sizes of the sediments and the values of the total saturation (100%) of water in all analyzed conditions were determined. As for the oils, the viscosity, density and pour point values were determined. Thus, the results showed that after determining the physicochemical characteristics of the sands and oils applied in bench tests, the viscosity of the oils and the granulometry of the sands influence the percolation behavior. This influence was determined by the behavior of oil percolation in sandy media, as for the analysis with the sand of Saco beach (granulometry 3.0630) and with the automotive lubricating oils (0w20, 5w30 and 20w50) the radial percolation was more significant for the oil with higher density (20w50 - 134.7cSt) and in the axial percolation the behavior was more present for the oil with lower viscosity (0w20 - 47.6 cSt). That is, for the same particle size, radial flow increases with increasing viscosity and axial flow with lower viscosity. Furthermore, it was also found that for the same oil (maintained viscosity) the radial flow is more expressive in finer particle sizes and the axial flow in larger particle sizes. This work aims to evaluate the behavior of percolation of petroleum derivatives in sandy environments of the Alagoas coast and perform the same bench tests in computational simulation using Ansy software.  

The silicoaluminophosphates SAPO-5 and SAPO-11 are microporous molecular sieves of economic, industrial and academic interest due to their architecture and properties. SAPO-5 has large pores and moderate acidity, while SAPO-11 has small pores and weak acidity, yet both suffer problems related to lower conversions and coke deactivation when applied in certain reactions. The addition of metallic heteroatoms helps to improve acidic properties by increasing Brønsted sites, but without greater effectiveness in problems with deactivation. Research shows that the addition of boron semimetal in the structure of zeolites and zeotypes can promote an increase in their acidity, maintaining or increasing the conversion of the reactions, at the same time delaying the hydrogen transfer reactions characteristic of coke formation. The present work proposed the addition of boron in crystalline structures of silicoaluminophosphates such as SAPO-5 and SAPO-11 by small modifications in the hydrothermal synthesis process, and in SAPO-11 by ion exchange, seeking to verify an optimal amount of boron to be added, without prejudice to the properties of the materials and the influence that the form of boron addition exerts on them. The physicochemical properties of the samples were determined XRD, FTIR, TG-ATD, TPD-NH3, nitrogen adsorption at -196°C (BET and t-plot). The results obtained show that, regardless of the form of addition, boron resulted in pure and crystalline SAPO-5 and SAPO-11, and when in optimal amounts, with greater crystallinity. The presence of boron kept the samples thermally stable and facilitated TG desorption processes. The IR spectra showed that the amount of boron in the hydrothermal synthesis and the form of addition influence the formation of different functional groups, mainly those related to acidic species, which also resulted in displacement of acidity, mainly in the exchange-modified SAPO-11 ionic. The increase in surface area and volume of micropores was more pronounced in samples where boron was added in the synthesis process. The ion exchanges, when in optimal amounts, resulted in higher conversion in the n-hexane cracking reaction and lower coke formation in the catalyst.

Aluminum waste is a product from different processes, which can be used economically, through the generation of secondary aluminum or transforming it and adding value to other products. One of its applications can be the production of chemical compounds such as aluminum oxide and chloride, in addition to their combination with other materials. An example of this combination would be with activated carbon, increasing its adsorption efficiency and removal of different contaminants present in water. The objective of this work was to analyze the quality of coal impregnated with different compounds obtained from aluminum, and its potential to be applied in the removal of contaminants from the agro-industrial sector, through physical/chemical parameters. Charcoal was made with Pinus sawdust and characterized according to its chemical composition, in terms of lignin, hemicellulose and holocellulose content. The elemental analysis was carried out both on the biomass and on the original coal, as well as on the substances that would be impregnated. Immediate analyzes were also carried out in order to discover the contents of ash, moisture, volatile material and fixed carbon in the biomass. The variables used in the pyrolysis process such as temperature, heating rate, residence time and gas flow remained constant throughout the study, as this research is not aimed at comparing the yield or quality of the product obtained. After the thermogravimetric analysis of the biomass, it appears that the temperature range chosen to work is the ideal one, as lignin degradation starts to occur at temperatures between 400 and 800 ºC. The determination of the equilibrium point in the loss of biomass mass allowed a better use in the planning of the analyses, since the humidity can interfere in the time and temperature of the process carried out.

The dairy industry is one of the most important sectors of the food industry, generating a large amount of effluents, mainly whey. This effluent is marked by the high concentration of COD (chemical oxygen demand), TN (total nitrogen) and FT (total phosphate), which can, for example, generate eutrophication in water bodies when discarded without proper treatment. Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that have high efficiency in removing nitrogen and phosphate, and can be cultivated in open systems, even though this type of process is subject to contamination, they have the advantage of operating at lower costs and being able to associate natural microorganisms in symbiotic systems with microalgae for the wastewater treatment. In this sense, this work aims to evaluate the use of the microalgae Tetradesmus obliquus LCE-01 in the treatment of diluted whey as well as to evaluate the semi-continuous process in an open system without forced aeration. For this, the remediation process was studied using the whey concentration of 1 and 4 % under conditions of magnetic stirring and constant illumination (100 µmol m^-2 s^-1). The experiment was carried out in batch mode for the first 7 days and later in semi-continuous mode with volumetric replacement rates (TRV) of 20, 40, 60 and 80% in a feedback time (or volumetric replacement) of 3 days (setting retention times hydraulic – HRT of 15, 7.5, 5 and 3.75 days, respectively) and with a total process time of 16 days (1 batch of 7 days and 3 semi-continuous cycles of 3 days), keeping the pH between 8 - 8.5. The experiments were monitored for pH, cell dry weight, COD, NT and FT. Regarding COD, residual values of 200-250 and 240-600 mg L^-1, for 1 and 4% of whey, are still high according to the European standard for discharging of 125 mg L^-1. Regarding NT, residual values were 6-9.8 and 25-33 mg L^-1 with maximum removal rates of 80 and 60% for 1 and 4%, respectively, with some experiments respecting the release limit of 10- 15 mg L^-1 and 70-80% minimum removal rate. For FT, the residues were 1-6 and 9-16 mg L^-1, also in some experiments fitting the European norm for release of 3.1-6.2 mg L^-1, despite having had a maximum efficiency removal rate of 70 and 30% for 1 and 4% of whey, respectively. It was noticed that the semi-continuous process showed stability of operation and that it needs improvements to remove a greater amount of contaminant. It was produced between 250-600 mg L^-1 of cell dry weight, with the highest values obtained for the 4% of whey (higher organic load). It was also verified the importance of daily maintenance of the pH of the system to values between 8-8.5 in order to effectively conserve the microalgae within the system, since at acidic pHs, they tend to die. TRVs of up to 40% for all contaminants had higher removal rates (except 60 and 80% for 1% of whey but it needs to be re-evaluated). As suggestions for improving the system, we can mention the inclusion of forced aeration, longer refeeding times and insertion of filamentous bacteria or fungi (microbial symbiosis with microalgae). It was noticed that the organic load imposed with the 4% of diluted whey was in excess, mainly for NT and FT and sequential steps may be necessary to stabilize the residual parameters of these contaminants.

The advance of agriculture and the need for high food productivity has brought constant concern about the wide use of herbicides. These compounds have a relatively affordable cost and are quite effective in controlling weed crops. Among these herbicides we can highlight dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), the second most used among herbicides in Brazil and in Alagoas, which has among its applications the sugarcane, a strong crop of Alagoas agriculture. In this work, a study was carried out on the feasibility of using carbon from bovine bones as an adsorbent for the removal of this herbicide. Adsorption is a very versatile method and has a relatively low cost while activated carbon is a material widely used in this technique because it mainly has a high surface area and a well-developed porous structure. Among the available particle diameters, in addition to pulverized carbon, the particle size 20x50 (granular activated carbon) was used after a comparison test with the particle size 6x30. It was verified that the adsorption process is favored using a pH value equal to 2, reaching an efficiency approximately 25% greater in relation to the second best pH condition, which would be pH 3. After performing the kinetic test, it was found that, in general, the removal efficiency of the two particle sizes was similar, and that pulverized coal reaches equilibrium at a much more interesting speed, about 30 minutes, while granular coal (20x50) takes about 120 minutes. In relation to the kinetic models, the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models were tested and the best fit was the pseudo-second order, having higher R² values and lower mean relative error values, indicating a probable chemical adsorption process. These tests were performed at three different concentrations, 30, 50 and 100 mg/L, in which the adsorption process had a better percentage of removal at the concentration of 30 mg/L.

The species Rhynchophorus palmarum attacks several cultures, mainly coconut trees, which have great socioeconomic importance for the development of the country. This pest is the main vector of the red ring disease, contaminating the plants with the nematode Bursaphellencus cocophilos, impairing all their development, and can lead to death. Currently, the most effective method to combat the pest is the use of the aggregation pheromone Rincoforol ((2E) -6-methyl-2-hepten-4-ol)), combined with artisanal traps distributed around the planting area. The present project aims to improve the process of production and purification of the pheromone rincoforol, evaluating the conditions that favor the reactive process and the purification of the product, in order to minimize the use of water and reagents, thus generating better operational conditions and lower effluent volumes. For this, a purification methodology was proposed that uses lower volumes of reagents, analyzing the phases generated in each purification step, as well as the product, determining its physical-chemical properties, making it possible to identify the acid character of the organic phase, the variation density and conductivity presented by each phase throughout the process, without significant variations in temperature. The rincoforol obtained had pH in the range of 0.62 ± 0.029, density and conductivity equal to 0.8647 ± 0.0042 g / cm3 and 0.70 ± 0.05 µS / cm, respectively, being around 31.40 ° C. In order to verify the efficiency of the proposed methodology, the aqueous phases were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID), being possible to identify and quantify the fractions of THF and rincoforol present, as well as to evaluate the efficiency of the washes carried out, resulting in a product containing fractions of organic compounds from the reaction. Then, the study of liquid-liquid balance involving the major components of the system at the end of the synthesis, THF + Rincoforol + Water, carried out at 20 ° C and 30 ° C. Characteristic ternary diagrams of type 2 were predicted by the UNIFAC thermodynamic model, in which there is complete solubility between the solute (pheromone) and solvent (THF), with partial miscibility between the binary solutions Rincoforol / Water and Water / THF. However, simulation results of a three-phase flash tank with the NRTL model demonstrated that for temperatures below 341.45 K there is no formation of two liquid phases for the water / THF binary mixture, so that type 1 ternary diagrams must be used. obtained. It was also found that the temperature has a strong influence on the extraction process, a fact justified by the reduction of the phase formation region. From the diagrams and graph of the partition coefficient of rincoforol, it was proved that extraction using THF as a solvent is favored at lower temperatures. In addition, thermodynamic modeling was performed with the NRTL and UNIQUAC models by regressing the experimental ELL data. The models reasonably correlated the slope of the tie lines, however the adjustment was not satisfactory because it predicted similar heterogeneous regions for both temperatures, differently from what was observed experimentally. The mean quadratic deviations (RMSD) between the experimental values and correlated by NRTL and UNIQUAC were, respectively, 6.76% and 6.87%. However, the study carried out was fundamental to determine the process variables that need to be monitored, so that the production and purification is more effective, aiming at the production scale-up.

The aluminum foundry and aluminum parts industries produce large amounts of
wastes. The inadequate disposal of these materials creates environmental problems.
However, such waste can be used as raw material to obtain other materials with
aggregate value and industrial interest as it is the case of alumina, alum, aluminum
hydroxide, among others. This work discusses the use of aluminum metal waste as a
source to obtain alumina and its application as an adsorbent in the removal of the dyes
methylene blue, basic fuchsine and crystal violet. The synthesis of alumina was carried
out by means of basic leaching with NaOH, employing HCl as precipitation agent. The
morphology and structure of the alumina were investigated by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TGA
and EDX. The surface area determined by the BET method was 304.31 m 2 .g -1 . Alumina
showed potential as an adsorbent of the dyes in aqueous solution, and the maximum
adsorption capacity experimentally determined was 57.8 mg.g -1 for methylene blue, 32.9
mg.g -1 for basic fuchsin and 31, 82 mg.g -1 for crystal violet at an initial concentration of
400 mg.L-1 for all dyes. Toxicity tests were performed with the species Artemia salina
and by means of germination of Lactuca sativa seeds, using the solutions of the dyes
before and after treatment by adsorption. From the results obtained it was possible to
verify that the alumina produced from aluminum waste has the potential to remove the
dyes and can contribute to the reduction of possible toxic effects of these to the
environment.

In the 20th century, with the discovery of analytical methods and pharmacological tests, the advance of research on natural products occurred, contributing to the identification of active substances in the human body. With the identification of leading compounds, resulting in the development of new drugs, natural products represent an important source of bioactive compounds that can act in therapy due to their abilities to modulate different biochemical processes, being possible to demonstrate numerous activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antihypertensive, antitumor, antioxidant, healing, among others. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the biological activities of two species of medicinal plants: Moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica, against placental cells, since pregnant women are a very sensitive target for any type of medicinal treatment. Studies of quantification of cell viability were performed with the use of extracts in concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100% in HTR cell lines using the MTT assay, AFM analysis of cells with and without treatment, and NMR analyzes of extracts. According to the data obtained, the Moringa extract obtained cell viability in the concentrations of 25% and 50%, being toxic above 50%, while the Neem extract showed no cell viability in any of the concentrations, with the AFM observed morphological changes, an increase in the elasticity of cells triggered by treatment with Moringa that may be associated with the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, and a decrease in elasticity triggered by treatment with Neem that may be related to a process of cell death and with the spectra of NMR was detected in the Neem extract the presence of the compounds: 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, acetic acid, betaine, citrate, formic acid, glucarate (saccharate), lactate, succinate and dimethyl sulfone, and in the Moringa extract the presence of the compounds: formic acid , fumaric acid, orotic acid, betaine, glycerol and trigonelline.

Considering that Brazil generates approximately 41 million tons of agricultural waste annually, this makes it one of the countries with the greatest capacity to incorporate technologies for reuse of them. Where among the various wastes with the potential to become an energy production source and transformation in the chemical industry, we have the barueiro (Dipteryx alata Vog.), a species of arboreal plant originating in the fertile regions of the Brazilian cerrado whose fruit is baru. This species has been considered one of the most promising for cultivation due to its multiple use. From the fruits, the pulp is consumed in the form of flour and sweets, while the seeds (almonds), after toast, can be used in the preparation of various culinary preparations, in addition to the extraction of excellent quality oil. However, there are few studies on the use of its endocarp, which may become an environmental problem due to the large volume generated. With the objective of making this waste a product with high added value, it is necessary to treat it through transformation processes, highlighting pyrolysis among the existing ones. This method creates shorter chain compounds such as non-condensable gases, biochar and liquid product.Biochar, through the chemical activation process, becomes a viable raw material to be used in the adsorption of organic and inorganic compounds. That said, the present work aimed at the production and characterization baru activated carbon (Dipteryx alata Vog.) to study its viability as bioadsorbent, through the performance of isotherm and adsorption kinetics tests, which allow to evaluate the efficiency that it will have in removing of phenol from effluents. For the development of the study, a series of tests were carried out, involving from the preparation of the raw material to obtaining charcoal by the vacuum pyrolysis process and from the material obtained, its characterization, subjecting it to adsorption tests.Pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 500ºC, considered favorable for obtaining coal by thermogravimetric analysis of biomass, under a heating rate of 10ºC. min -1 , with residence time of 120 minutes. The average yield in charcoal, bio-oil and gases reached values of 25.63%, 56.47% and 17.90%, respectively. To evaluate the quality of the final products of the pyrolysis process and the characteristics of the biomass used, characterization techniques were used, such as: elementary composition, immediate and thermogravimetric analysis, Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Method BET and pH point of zero charge (pHcz). Since the baru endocarp biochar presented a high fixed carbon content, low volatile and ash contents, it can be considered as a quality charcoal, with higher gravimetric yield.Measuring the behavior of this charcoal related to its pH point of zero charge, it can be concluded that it has a heterogeneous surface, with pHcz = 7.9, that allow its interaction with components of anionic or cationic nature.Attesting to these results, the adsorption tests carried out point to a favorable system, and which possibly occurs in monolayers on the surface of the material, pointing out chemisorption as a determining step of the kinetic mechanism.

Brazil is the world&#39;s largest producer and consumer of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg). This demand is destined mostly for the domestic consumer, mainly the food industry. The seeds and peel of the passion fruit represent about 70% of the fruit and have a great potential for commercial use. However, they are considered by-products in most industrial processes. This work aims to improve the extraction
processes of oil and pectin from passion fruit using solvents (ethanol and citric acid). The central composite design and the response surface methodology were used to evaluate the yields and the esterification degree. In the passion fruit oil extraction process, the following variables were considered: extraction temperature, sample mass and extraction time. In the pectin extraction process, the following variables were considered: extraction temperature, citric acid concentration and extraction time. The highest yield of oil extraction, in mass, was approximately 27%, considering: extraction temperature of 60 °C; sample mass of 7.5 g; and extraction time of 30 minutes. The highest values of the yield and degree of esterification of pectin, by mass, were approximately 15% and 56%, respectively, under the following conditions: temperature of 85 °C; concentration of 2.5 g/100mL; and, time of 30 minutes. The solid residue resulting from the extraction of pectin showed a change in the composition of the centesimal composition, in relation to the initial characterization of the peel, with a
reduction of mineral matter, total nitrogen and crude protein. The study of drying kinetics was performed to verify the mathematical model with the best fit to the experimental data of convective drying: Page presented the best fit at 55 and 65 °C, and the logarithmic model, at 75 °C. In the drying of the peels the Page model showed the best fit in the three temperatures applied, 55, 65 and 75 °C.

Os efluentes das indústrias de produtos derivados do leite apresentam como característica principal uma grande quantidade de carga orgânica, o que dificulta o tratamento, necessitando passar por vários processos e etapas, gerando um alto custo operacional. Nesta perspectiva foi desenvolvido um sistema eletroquímico para o tratamento desse efluente, utilizando DSA como material eletródico. O sistema é composto de um reator vertical com os eletrodos posicionados na base do reator, formando uma região flotante logo acima dos eletrodos. O sistema operou em fluxo contínuo e em batelada. Nesse estudo foram utilizados eletrodos comerciais do tipo DSA®(Ti/Ru0,34Ti0,66O2) de 7 x 6 cm, um reator com capacidade de tratamento de 3,8L de efluente, e Na2SO4 0,1mol L-1 como eletrólito de suporte. Inicialmente foi avaliado o comportamento hidrodinâmico do reator em fluxo contínuo, onde observou-se picos de concentração do indicador, representando a formação de zonas mortas, acarretando numa não linearidade no escoamento. No planejamento experimental, avalio a influência da densidade de corrente, vazão e concentração do efluente nas variáveis de respostas DQO e turbidez. Verificou-se que a densidade de corrente, interação corrente e concentração são as variáveis mais significativa. Nas condições otimizadas de densidade de corrente de 20mA/cm2 , concentração do efluente de 2g/L e uma vazão de 370mL/s obteve-se a redução máxima de 84,67% da DQO e de 84,66 de turbidez, após 2 horas de reação em fluxo contínuo. Em batelada a eficiência média para a % de redução de DQO e Turbidez foi de 71,42% e 82,57% respectivamente. No estudo em função do tempo de reação, para ambas as variáveis de resposta, observou-se um aumento da eficiência na redução dos parâmetros da turbidez e DQO tendendo a se manter constante após 60 e 90 minutos de reação, respectivamente, indicando atingir o equilíbrio entre o fluxo de alimentação do reator e a velocidade cinética do tratamento. A eficiência do tratamento tanto em fluxo continuo quanto em batelada foi associada ao sistema eletroflotação/eletrooxidação. Além de eficiente o sistema mostrou-se economicamente viável com um consumo elétrico estimado de 1,3104 kWh m-3 nas condições otimizadas. 

.O presente trabalho estudou a viabilidade do uso de conchas de Mytella falcata (sururu, um molusco bivalve) como biossorvente inovador para a remoção do antibiótico rifampicina de soluções aquosas. O material alternativo foi testado nas formas in natura e após pirólise e calcinação, a fim de melhorar sua capacidade de adsorção. Os ensaios preliminares de adsorção permitiram determinar a fração calcinada como a que apresentava melhor seletividade frente ao antibiótico. As análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM), espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FT-IR), difração de raios-X (XRD) e espectroscopia de energia dispersiva por raios-X (EDS) foram utilizadas para caracterização do adsorvente, mostrando a presença de CaCO₃ residual, principalmente na forma de aragonita e calcita, e uma estrutura porosa com superfície heterogênea caracterizada por partículas arredondadas. Foram realizados diversos ensaios para estudar a influência dos principais parâmetros que poderiam influenciar o processo adsortivo. Os testes cinéticos mostraram fenômenos de adsorção rápida, que atingiram o equilíbrio entre 30 a 45 minutos. Os dados experimentais obtidos apresentaram o melhor ajuste com o modelo de pseudo-primeira ordem, fornecendo capacidades de adsorção no equilíbrio de 3,05, 4,58 e 7,00 mg.g^-1 e percentuais de remoção de 72,37  0,97%, 82,28  0,19% e 82,26  1,38% para concentrações iniciais de adsorbato de 50, 100 e 200 mg.L^-1, respectivamente. Dados de equilíbrio mostraram que a capacidade de adsorção da rifampicina dependia levemente da temperatura, provavelmente pelo aumento simultâneo da dessorção da água associada ao aumento da temperatura. As isotermas mostraram um comportamento similar ao modelo de Redlich-Peterson, indicando uma adsorção multicamada. A análise dos parâmetros termodinâmicos mostrou que a adsorção foi espontânea e levemente endotérmica. Testes experimentais adicionais indicaram que o aumento da força iônica poderia elevar a adsorção de rifampicina no adsorvente selecionado. Finalmente, a regeneração por adsorvente por ultrassom mostrou uma diminuição significativa nos desempenhos após 5 ciclos de adsorção/dessorção.

Visando o desenvolvimento sustentável, diante da consciência de que o planeta possui recursos finitos e dos danos causados pela poluição, busca-se por fontes alternativas de energia que possam competir e/ou substituir a utilização de combustíveis fósseis. O hidrogênio é uma opção, pois sua obtenção por fermentação a partir de biomassa o caracteriza como energia de fonte renovável. Para produção de hidrogênio por fermentação anaeróbia utilizou-se como substrato o hidrolisado de resíduos da cultura da soja, palha da soja, pré-tratada de forma mecânica (moagem) e química (solução de ácido sulfúrico diluído (H2SO4)) a temperatura ambiente (26°C). Foi realizado planejamento fatorial 23 para avaliar o efeito (p<0,05) da carga de sólidos (5 e 10% m/v), concentração de ácido sulfúrico (1,0 e 4,0% v/v) e tempo de contato (30 e 60 min) na etapa do pré-tratamento da biomassa na produção biológica de hidrogênio. O procedimento experimental foi realizado em reatores operados em batelada de 7 dias, mantidos a temperatura mesofílica (35±1°C) através da utilização de uma incubadora rotativa shaker a 120 rpm, inoculados com lodo de reator UASB, termicamente pré-tratado e com pH do meio inicialmente 7,70. O intervalo escolhido de tempo de contato e concentração de ácido sulfúrico diluído não foram significativos no pré-tratamento da palha da soja a temperatura ambiente, porém a concentração de sólidos sim, de forma que o aumento da quantidade de sólidos resultou numa maior quantificação de glicose. Já na produção biológica de hidrogênio todos os parâmetros foram significativos (p<0,05). Foi possível obter um rendimento máximo de hidrogênio pela metodologia proposta de 89 mL de H2/g de biomassa seca, nas condições mais brandas de pré-tratamento (1% v/v de H2SO4, tempo de contato de 30 min e concentração de sólidos de 5,0% m/v).

mais eficiente e sustentável. As redes metalorgânicas (metal organic frameworks -MOFs) e
seus derivados são catalisadores heterogêneos promissores, pois exibem alta área superficial,
estrutura de poros bem definida e versatilidade estrutural. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem como
objetivo a síntese simples e branda via método ultrassônico e sob agitação a temperatura
ambiente de MOFs de zinco (ZIF-8) dopadas com estanho (1, 10 e 15 %), Sn-MOFs com
diferentes fontes de estanho (SnCl4 e SnSO4) e SnO2 derivados das Sn-MOFs, para aplicação
como catalisadores heterogêneos em reações de transesterificação do acetato de etila e
esterificação do ácido propiônico. As MOFs foram caracterizadas por difração de raios-X de
pó (DRX), espectroscopia na região do infravermelho médio por transformada de Fourier
(FTIR), fisissorção de nitrogênio, análise termogravimétrica (TGA), microscopia eletrônica de
varredura (MEV) e espectrometria de energia dispersiva de raio-X (EDX). Os resultados de

DRX para as Sn-MOFs preparadas com SnSO4 evidenciaram que são isoestruturais a outras Sn-
MOFs reportadas na literatura, todavia neste trabalho foi utilizado um método mais brando. Por

outro lado, para as Sn-MOFs obtidas com o uso de SnCl4 em diferentes concentrações (Sn-
MOF-U0,125M e Sn-MOF-U0,25M) não foi observada diferença estrutural significativa. Os SnO2

apresentaram pureza estrutural e área superficial superior a alguns trabalhos reportados na
literatura. A ZIF-8 dopada com 1, 10 e 15 % de estanho exibiram estruturas cristalinas similares
e compatíveis com o padrão simulado da ZIF-8, e morfologias distintas frente ao aumento de
Sn na estrutura da ZIF-8. Os resultados prévios obtidos para a reação de transesterificação do
acetato de etila demonstraram que a ZIF-8 e seus derivados incorporados com estanho
conduziram a maiores conversões de acetato de etila, de cerca de 25% em 4 horas a 120 oC, em
relação aos as Sn-MOFs e SnO2, os quais não apresentaram resultados significativos de
conversões. Já para as reações de esterificação as Sn-MOFs demonstraram ser mais eficientes,
em que a Sn-MOF-U0,25M apresentou conversão do ácido propiônico de aproximadamente 55%
em duas horas de reação. Por fim, os resultados evidenciaram que o emprego desses materiais
como catalisadores heterogêneos nas reações estudadas é promissor. Ademais, este trabalho
abre portas para a inserção de novos materiais a base de estanho na área de catalise heterogênea.

O crescente aumento da populacional proporciona também o aumento do consumo de

compostos químicos, falta de recursos e critérios para tratamento dos resíduos gerados
aponta para um crescente acúmulo dos poluentes emergentes no meio ambiente, dentre eles,
destaca-se a cafeína. Resíduo da cocoicultura, as folhas do coqueiro Coccus nucífera L, são
utilizadas neste trabalho para a produção de biocarvão pelo processo de pirólise a 500 ºC após
análise desta biomassa por termogravimetria (TGA). O biocarvão gerado é ativado com
carbonato de potássio (K2CO3) para ser usado como adsorvente da cafeína em meio aquoso. A
análise de difração de raio (DRX) realizada no carvão ativado aponta para uma estrutura
predominantemente amorfa e o estudo do pH no ponto de carga zero (pHPZC) apresentou o
valor de 7,9. Na Adsorção de nitrogênio pelo método Brunauer, Emmett e Teller (BET) o
adsorvente em estudo apresentou a predominância de mesoporos, da ordem de 45,48 ηm e
uma área superficial de 678,03 m2/g, dados bastante aceitáveis quando comparados a outros
processos e biomassas principalmente pelo tempo e temperatura necessário para o equilíbrio,
40 minutos e 30 ºC. Usando recursos estatísticos para ajuste dos experimentos a modelos
definidos na literatura, a cinética de adsorção sugere um processo em pseudo-segunda ordem
onde a difusão intrapartícula pode ser desprezada, as isotermas de adsorção foram ajustadas
para o modelo de Redlich-Peterson e uma curva tipo L no modelo proposto por Giles, ambos
os modelos definindo que a diferença de concentração entre adsorvente e adsorvato regem o
processo. Os parâmetros termodinâmicos calculados nas temperaturas de 30, 40 e 50 ºC
resultaram num sistema onde a energia livre de Gibbs (ΔG°) com valores negativos define que
a adsorção ocorre de forma espontânea e a entalpia (ΔH°) com o valor de – 28,35 kJ/mol para
um processo regido por adsorção física.

Substâncias fenólicas são responsáveis por conferir cor no caldo de cana-de-açúcar. Sua remoção na etapa de clarificação do caldo, que vem logo após a sua extração por moagem, torna um caldo mais claro e consequentemente um açúcar mais branco e de maior valor comercial. O processo de sulfitação atualmente aplicado com esse objetivo, proporciona barreiras na comercialização do açúcar cristal branco, em função dos resíduos de enxofre presentes acima dos limites das legislações vigentes no mercado internacional. Neste estudo, objetivando apresentar alternativas a clarificação do caldo de cana, foram estudadas duas tecnologias: Processo de Oxidação Avançado (POA) e, processo eletrolítico. Foi utilizada a variedade de cana-de-açúcar RB-92579, face a sua maior produtividade no campo, e sua limitação industrial devido a elevada cor do caldo. Os experimentos por POA mantiveram as condições operacionais da etapa de clarificação do caldo do processo industrial: temperatura em torno de 100 o C e pH entre 6,8 a 7,2, corrigido pela adição de uma solução de hidróxido de cálcio. Foi utilizada uma dosagem de 0,75molL -1 de peróxido de hidrogênio, além da exposição à luz ultravioleta. Os experimentos ocorreram em regime de batelada e em regime de recirculação do caldo em reator de vidro em duas configurações: reator fechado sem espelho e reator aberto internamente espelhado. Para o tratamento do caldo por eletrólise foram utilizados eletrodos DSA ® com base metálica de titânio, revestido com óxidos de rutênio e óxido de titânio, sendo aplicadas densidades de corrente de 10, 20 e 30 mA/cm 2 . O único reagente utilizado foi uma solução de Ca(OH) 2 para correção do pH do caldo bruto. Como resultado, obteve-se uma redução de cor ICUMSA de aproximadamente 65% para o tratamento por POA, nos experimentos em batelada e nos realizados em reator fechado sem espelho. A fotólise do peróxido de hidrogênio, a 0,75 molL -1 por irradiação de 85 Watts de luz ultravioleta aplicado em reator aberto e espelhado internamente, reduziu em 85% a cor ICUMSA do caldo. Os experimentos realizados por eletrodegradação com densidade de corrente de 20 mA/cm 2 apresentaram uma maior eficiência na remoção da cor do caldo de cana-de-açúcar (90%), em um tempo de 90 minutos. Os resultados mostram que as aplicações por Processo Oxidativo Avançado por fotólise do peróxido de hidrogênio e do Processo Eletrolítico por eletrodegradação, podem ser alternativas em substituição ao processo por sulfitação, agregando maior valor ao açúcar.