Influence of different synthesis methods on the structural, electronic, surface properties and photocatalytic efficiency of SnO2, NiO and SnO2/NiO heterojunction
heterogeneous photocatalysis; synthesis methods; heterojunction; biomass conversion
The process of obtaining p-n heterojunctions for photocatalytic applications has generated growing scientific interest, and one of the factors that can directly influence the performance of these materials is the synthesis method used. Tin oxide (SnO2) stands out as a promising photocatalyst due to its stability, non-toxicity, and economic viability. However, when used alone in photocatalytic reactions, SnO2 exhibits high rates of internal recombination, which is unfavorable because it impedes the efficient progress of reactions. When properly combined with oxides of different bandgap energies, SnO2 can form semiconductor heterojunctions that reduce these internal recombinations and narrow the bandgap, improving the performance of photocatalyzed reactions. Studies in the literature indicate the ability of SnO2/NiO heterojunctions to absorb energy in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This characteristic is considered advantageous for the possibility of using sunlight in photocatalytic reactions. Thus, the main objective of this study is to synthesize tin(IV) and nickel(II) oxides and the heterojunction formed by the coupling of these oxides, using different synthesis methods, and to evaluate the structural, surface, electronic properties and catalytic efficiency in biomass conversion reactions, since this area of application can be considered promising in the generation of chemical products of industrial interest from renewable sources, in addition to being aligned with the principles of green chemistry.