METAL-FUNCTIONALIZED CATALYSTS FROM SULPHONATED COAL OF RESIDUAL GLYCEROL FOR THE
VALORIZATION OF FRUCTOSE IN PLATFORM COMPOUNDS
Sulfonated amorphous carbon; Biodiesel glycerol; Heterogeneous catalysis; Tin and molybdenum; Bimetallic
catalysts; Biomass valorization.
This work focused on the development of catalysts based on sulfonated amorphous carbon (C), derived from residual glycerol from the biodiesel industry, functionalized with metal species, and applied to the conversion of fructose into value-added products. The carbon materials were functionalized with Sn, Mo, and a bimetallic combination of Sn/Mo using the wet impregnation method. In the first stage, the materials were functionalized with tin (Sn) using SnCl₄·5H₂O as a precursor, aiming to evaluate the effect of metal loading on catalytic activity. Metal concentrations of 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% (w/w) were investigated, generating the materials CSn3, CSn6, CSn9, and CSn12, respectively. In the second stage, the effect of molybdenum (Mo) was studied using (NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄·H₂O as a precursor, yielding the materials CMo3 and the bimetallic system CSnMo3. Overall, the best catalytic performance was obtained with CSnMo3, achieving 92.1% conversion after 6 hours of reaction at 150 °C using deionized water as the solvent, and 100% conversion after 2 hours at 120 °C when dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used. In order to optimize catalytic performance and recyclability, the effect of calcination temperature in the synthesis of CSnMo3 was evaluated—previously performed at 300 °C. The increase to 500 °C resulted in the material referred to as CSnMo3- 500, which showed improved results, reaching 98.8% conversion after 6 hours at 150 °C in aqueous medium, while maintaining high catalytic activity after five consecutive reuse cycles.