THE HIGHER FORMS OF CONDUCT AND THE TEACHING OF SIGNS FOR THE APPROPRIATION OF SUBTRACTION IN THE EARLY YEARS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL I.
Teaching. Mathematical Signs. numerals. Higher Psychic Functions. Superior Forms of Conduct.
Mathematics teaching happens through the use of signs with their senses and meanings within the conceptual frameworks of established numerical sets and according to the composition, function or representation of quantification, measurement, ordering, valuation and coding. The present research aimed to understand the importance of numerals as mathematical signs for the development of Higher Forms of Conduct - calculus and arithmetic - in subtraction in the early years of Elementary School. In our work, we are concerned with seeking actions that provide the understanding of signs, symbols that have become signs, that is, random graphic records that have social meaning and the student is responsible for assigning a personal meaning and knowing their use and their role within society. and in relationships with other human beings. In this dynamic, the teacher plays an important role in helping the student to understand the senses and meanings historically and culturally attributed to the signs used in mathematics, the focus of this work being the operation of subtraction. In this way, the teacher, from teaching actions that aim at human development, will mediate the appropriation of strategies, superior forms of calculation and arithmetic behavior that help the learner to apply them in their daily lives. Based on the assumptions of Historical-Cultural Theories, Developmental Teaching and Historical-Critical Pedagogy, this investigation sought in bibliographic studies subsidies to achieve the proposed objective. and meanings depends primarily on the appropriation of this knowledge by teachers, whether in the initial training of the profession or in-service training and finally in the teaching actions planned with the purpose of developing the expansion of this knowledge as well as its transmission. The Educational Product is composed of a mini-course proposal with dialogic activities that promote thought actions to understand the sign.