Science by means of Otaku culture: a study of the circulation of knowledge from anime
Otaku. anime. Circulation of scientific knowledge
Currently, the diffusion of Japanese pop culture on the planet is intense and reaches a large audience since the 1980s, which calls itself otaku, diverse and multicultural, which interacts and coexists, largely virtually, having anime as mediation instruments. and products derived from them, such as clothing, games and manga. We observe the growth of this world public, of different age groups, as well as preliminarily follow the anime's own plots and search in the literature for works that recognize the legitimacy of these audiovisual cultural products in communicative processes, in the formation of social groups, with their own identity, intertwined with the different cultures. From this look at the content of anime and the subjects who consume them and from studies on the access of different subjects to science knowledge, which follows the perspective of Scientific Enculturation, we build an initial assertion that through these products and the interactions the from them, it is possible to communicate science and allow the conceptual construction, the notion of scientific investigation, science and technology, responsible posture and decision making. The objective of the study was to identify and characterize content compatible with the popularization of science in anime content. We defend that there is a process of scientific enculturation and inter-collective circulation of scientific knowledge in the otaku groups, which consume anime, which has the potential for the popularization of science and for formal, non-formal and informal scientific education, but that this process lacks reflections and organization of a theoretical-methodological framework, so that these products are used in the dissemination of scientific knowledge. For this purpose, a methodological structure with a mixed approach, with a descriptive objective, was organized to enter the otaku cultural universe and raise elements of this universe, confronting the products consumed and the interaction based on this content. A study of the content of six anime was carried out, three of which were widely publicized in the last two decades and three of more recent dissemination, but with a clear proposal for a discussion of scientific content. The episodes were followed, the scientific content was captured and submitted to content analysis. As main results, we summarize the presence and approach of elements of the nature of science, such as the representation of scientists and scientific investigation, in peculiar ways and covering different directions, as well as the presentation of concepts and references to scientific concepts, with mentions, explanations and association between verbal activity and images, in addition to elements of pseudoscience. Both results dialogue with the perspective of the inter-collective circulation of knowledge between scientific and non-scientific subjects, who constitute society and approaches the discussions of Ludwick Fleck's framework, adopted for the interpretation of data.