COCONUT STALK PYROLYSIS: AN ALTERNATIVE FOR PHENOLS PRODUCTION AND ACTIVATED CARBON PRODUCTION FOR COCONUT OIL REFINING
biomass; bio-oil; fixed bed adsorption; central composite design; pyrolysis; optimization; desirability function.
The coconut industry has great economic relevance in Asia-Pacific and Brazil. For this reason, researchers have paid special attention to coconut fibers as fuel sources. Nevertheless, other residues such as coconut stalks have been understudied. Using pyrolysis technology, waste from the coconut industry can be transformed into both liquid and solid fuels. In the case of coal, it can also be used as an adsorbent in the coconut oil refining industry itself. In this work, coconut stalk residues were pyrolyzed. Effects of pyrolysis temperature (290–710 °C) and heating rate (2–58 °C∙min-1) were evaluated. A central composite design (CCD) was developed to identify interaction effects. Product yield (biochar, gas and bio-oil) and phenol concentration in bio-oil (C_phenol) were the response variables investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCP) were used to obtain optimal conditions. Furthermore, biomass and bio-oil were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. TG results suggested PCC levels. Temperature and heating rate showed significant effects on responses. A linear model was adequate for gas yield, while quadratic models were adequate for the other responses. The highest yield of biochar was obtained at 290ºC and 2 °C∙min-1. A trade-off analysis between bio-oil yield and phenol concentration detected optimal values of 42.8% and 46.9 mg∙g-1 at 530 ºC and 10.0 ºC∙min-1. Finally, phenolic compounds corresponded to 77.8% of the total bio-oil area based on the GC-MS results. In addition to the production of bio-oil, the application of the charcoal produced for the removal of color in the refining of coconut oil will also be studied. Initially, kinetic and isothermal experiments will be carried out to evaluate the adsorption parameters. Subsequently, rupture curves will be constructed at different flow rates, coal mass in the bed and bed height. With the data obtained, the design and optimization of a fixed bed adsorption column for coconut oil decolorization will be studied for industrial purpose.