Irregular disposal of waste from human activities has caused several environmental problems, therefore, there has been a strong trend in the development of research and processes that minimize negative impacts. Adsorptive methods have gained prominence in the treatment of effluents, since this technique presents high efficiency in the removal of harmful pollutants to the environment; such contaminants have low biodegradability, resistance to conventional treatments and often appear in low concentrations. The use of biomass as adsorbent material tends to reduce the costs of the adsorptive process due to its availability and abundance. Among the persistent pollutants, there is the compound Rhodamine B, which is a cationic dye, which, in addition to being difficult to remove, presents a health risk. From the biomasses from agricultural activities, we can mention the kapok capsule, which is considered one of the few residues originating from Paineira, since this is one of the only items that do not have application described in the literature. Therefore, making use of this solid waste as an adsorbent provides the recovery of a material that was previously seen only as waste. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the kapok capsule as an adsorbent material for the removal of Rhodamine B in aqueous solutions. Through the characterization techniques employed, such as SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscopy), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), XRD (X-Ray Diffractometry), zero-load pH and TGA/DTG (Thermogravimetric Analysis) it was possible to know the chemical and morphological characteristics of the adsorbent. We also evaluated the adsorption kinetics, the interference of variations in adsorbent mass and adsorbate concentration and pH influence, as well as the possible interferences of the adsorptive process when applied in real water. It was observed that the kapok capsule presents a morphological structure composed of characteristics that suggest a high adsorptive potential by indicating a high surface area and presence of characteristic functional groups. As it is a material of natural plant origin, its amorphous characteristics were confirmed, in addition, the thermogravimetric analysis shows the thermal stability of the natural material. In the affinity tests, it was possible to observe a strong interaction in all applied pH ranges. At natural pH, the minimum percentage of removal was 71 % in the batch tests. In the test in real water, the non-selectivity of the material was observed, due to the reduction of the adsorptive capacity in salt water, but still showing a removal percentage above 59%, under more severe conditions. In the kinetic study it was observed that in 240 min about 80% of the material adsorptive capacity was reached. In the adsorption column tests, great potential of the material was observed for the treatment of colored effluents in continuous flow, with a minimum global percentage of removal greater than 54 %. The hydrochar produced from the residual adsorbent showed high adsorptive capacity with a minimum removal of 92 % at natural pH, presenting itself as excellent alternative to your destination. Such results corroborate the use of this material as an environmentally friendly alternative in a dual carriageway, both in terms of the recovery of solid waste and its potential in processes of removing pollutants in the aqueous phase.