Development of nanotechnological biomaterials using poly(ε-caprolactone) and red propolis from Alagoas
Scaffold; Red Propolis; Polycaprolactone; Dressing; Nanomaterial
The use of biomaterials has accompanied civilization since ancient times, going through several technological improvements over the years. The use of two or more substances aiming at the formation of a new material, gains prominence, due to the synergic possibility of their properties, leading, therefore, to the versatility of the application. Accordingly, this work seeks to synthesize novel nanostructured membranes, formed by polycaprolactone containing polycaprolactone together with wax or extract of red propolis from Alagoas. To achieve this, the electrospinning technique was used to guarantee the nanostructure, and it is physical, chemical, structural, vibrational, thermal, and mechanical properties were observed. The result is that the high-performance liquid chromatography showed a diversity of flavonoids existing in red propolis, in which the highest percentage is found in the extract when compared to the wax. The morphology of the membranes, revealed by scanning electron microscopy, demonstrated an average diameter below 1 μm, whose average porosity is ~52%. The vibrational spectrum of the samples indicate that the existing interactions are strictly physical with no formation of new chemical bonds. The thermal profile demonstrated a good miscibility of the samples, which tends to have a decrease in crystallinity as the wax/propolis extract is added to the fiber structure, a fact confirmed by the X-ray diffraction technique. The wettability reveals that samples containing propolis extract have a higher degree of intumescence, whose contact angle is less than 90°, and samples with a concentration of 5% or more are wettable. The membrane formed by 10% of propolis showed better values of maximum stress, elongation at break and elastic modulus, when compared to the other samples. The results confirm the success in forming a nanostructured material with potential applicability in the sector of tissue engineering, specifically as bioactive dressings.