SELF-AGGRESSIONAL BEHAVIOR AND MENTAL ILLNESS IN PUBLIC SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF MACEIÓ, ALAGOAS
Self-harm; Student; Mental health; School.
Introduction: Self-harm in students is a national problem and there are few studies carried out in Brazil, showing the need to carry them out in view of the knowledge gaps. Objective: To assess self-harm behavior, risk for depression and trait and state anxiety in public school students in the municipality of Maceió, Alagoas. Method: This is a cross-sectional study in which students from two schools in Maceió were interviewed, one at elementary school and the other at secondary school. The study included students from the sixth to the ninth year of elementary school at a municipal public school, and students from the first to the third year at the state school. Four instruments were used for data collection: a) Identification form; b) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (IDATE); c) Depression Scale (CES-D); and d) Questionnaire of Impulsivity, Self-Injury and Suicidal Ideation for Adolescents - QIAIS-A. Univariate descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data using the mean and standard deviation, as well as Pearson's correlation test for continuous variables and Spearman's correlation test for non-continuous variables. Fisher's exact test was used for inferential analysis. Results: 90 (72.6%) students were found to be at risk of depression, with moderate state anxiety (116 - 97.5%) and moderate trait anxiety (117 - 96.7%). In relation to the assessment of impulsivity, it was observed that students had an average impulse/hyperkinesis of 12.14 (±6.37), impulse control (6.45±2.71), 84 (64.1%) students were at risk of self-harm, 39 (29.8%) had risk behavior for self-harm and 118 (90.8%) had suicidal ideation. Conclusion: The findings suggest that students who self-harm have a higher risk of depression, moderate anxiety and suicidal ideation. This puts them at greater risk of death due to the mental suffering they experience. It is therefore important to think about care strategies in schools that aim to monitor and evaluate self-harm behaviors.