Criminal defensive investigation: Fundamental right for proof production
Criminal investigation. Police Inquiry. Weapon parity. Proof. Fair Process.
This dissertation addresses the subject of defensive criminal investigation as a right at the disposal of the technical defense for the direct production of evidence in the course of criminal prosecution for a model of fair criminal proceedings. Based on this premise, in order to contextualize the theme, research permeates the study of the legal norm, between rules and principles, with the purpose of removing the principle of parity of arms in criminal proceedings, starting with art.5, §2 of the Constitution Federal, which is a constitutional opening clause rule. The study highlights the contradictory and the broad defense in the police inquiry, with the proposals of contrary and favorable authors, in a doctrinal analysis. The research uses the Theory of Penal Guarantee which supports, among its axioms, the right to proof, which constitutes the fundamental right of the accused, which is the objective of the defensive criminal investigation. On the other hand, the expansive and punitive criminal policy of criminal law has suppressed the constitutional and procedural penalties of the accused to give the false impression of speed and efficiency, as a response to the criminal prosecution system, which degenerates the basic principles of modern criminal law. . The research methodology used in the study is bibliographic and documentary that deal with the topic, as well as a field research with lawyers from Alagoas who are active in the criminal field. The study also presents a dogmatic, theoretical and practical overview of the evidence in criminal proceedings. In addition, it makes a brief study in the North American and Italian legal systems on defensive criminal investigation. The study presents the limiting aspects and the possibilities for carrying out defensive criminal investigation and its reflexes in criminal prosecution, as well as exposing doctrinal criticisms to the validity of the evidence produced directly by the defense. In this perspective, the research seeks to demonstrate that there is a need for legislative changes in the legal system to carry out defensive criminal investigation, as a criminal policy measure, with the purpose of being an essential tool to the right of defense, which will guarantee the fundamental right to proof at par of arms.