SECOND-PERSON SINGULAR PRONOUNS IN TWENTIETH CENTURY ALAGOANA WRITING: A STUDY OF COMPLEMENTS AND ADJUNCTS IN PERSONAL LETTERS BY THE WRITER GRACILIANO RAMOS
Complement Pronoun, Second-Person Singular, Historical Sociolinguistics, Graciliano Ramos, Alagoana Writing.
In this work we analyze the variation in the pronouns with reference to the second-person singular in the complement and adjunct function in personal letters from the 20th century, written by the illustrious alagoano Graciliano Ramos in order to investigate which linguistic and extralinguistic factors influenced the progress of forms of the paradigm of você and which were shown as a context of resistance to these forms and as favoring the strategies of the paradigm of tu. Therefore we analyzed a total of 110 letters written between the period of 1910 to 1952 in correspondence to family members and a friend of the writer. As a theoretical and methodological apparatus for the construction of the research, we used Historical Sociolinguistics (ROMAINE, 1982; CONDE SILVESTRE, 2007; HERNÀNDEX-CAMPOY; CONDE SILVESTRE, 2012) which seeks to analyze linguistic variation and change over time and also investigates how a process of concrete variation takes place in certain speech communities, groups, social networks and individuals (ROMAINE, 1982). The independent linguistics variables analyzed were: (i) morphosyntactic contexto; (ii) treatment subsystem in the subject position and (iii) discursive parallelism, and extralinguistic variables: (i) period; (ii) type of relationship between senders and (iii) subgenre of letters. As a result, it is expected that the complements and adjuncts of the tu paradigm are more frequent throughout the period covered, but the use of você strategies will become more frequent after 1930, since the implementation of você as the subject pronoun of second-person occurred around the 1930s of the 20th century (RUMEU, 2012; 2019) and that reorganized the pronominal picture of Brazilian Portuguese. Regarding the independent variables, it is believed that the use of complements and adjuncts of the paradigm of você are favoured by the oblique morphosyntactic context in letters that have você as the exclusive subject, in asymmetric relationships, in letters to family and friends and when they are preceded of você forms. Whereas the forms of the tu paradigm are more favoured by the accusative and dative morphosyntactic context, in the missives that have tu as the exclusive subject, in asymmetrical relationships, in love letters and when they are preceded by the tu forms.