From meme to myth: An analysis of Neofascist Brazilian Discourse
Keywords: Fascism. Neofascism. Meme. Neofascist discourse. Religious discourse. Digital discourse. Jair Bolsonaro.
This research focuses on the Brazilian neo-fascist discourse in its digital format, having the discursive genre meme as its scope. In order to investigate the object of such thesis, it is used the theoretical and analytical apparatus provided by the Theory of Discourse Analysis, affiliated with Michel Pêcheux (2014) and collaborators (AMARAL, 2007; ORLANDI, 2020a, 2020b; ZOPPI-FONTANA, 2014, 2018; COURTINE, 2016; PIOVEZANI, 2020). The general objective of this research is to examine contemporary neo-fascism as a form of representation of Brazilian political discourse. For that matter, it is analyzed the conditions of production that allow the emergence of neofascist discourse in Brazil, whose epitome was consolidated by the rise of Jair Bolsonaro to the presidency. The line of investigation in the thesis indicates that religious discourse, appropriated by neo-fascists who mobilize meaning effects that are produced and broadcast in a society of the spectacle (DEBORD, 1997), is an important foundation for neo-fascist discourse in virtual spaces. It is concluded that, nowadays, especially in the second decade of the 21st century, Brazilian society is going through a discursive process of intense transformations in the political field, a reflection of the new forms of immediate digital communication, from which the meme emerges as a vehicle for social and political criticism, for the ludic, but also as a primordial source of dissemination of Brazilian far right and neo-fascist ideologies. Finally, it is analyzed that such extremist and neo-fascist ideology is viewed as a form of “newspeak”, in the manner Orwell (2009) conceived it, showcasing its own characteristics in its syntax and, mainly, in its semantics, engendering meaning effects that are inscribed in the current political issue in Brazil.