Fractured democracy: fascist discursivities in contemporary Brazil
Keywords: Digital materiality. Discourse Analysis. Fascist discourse. Meme. Neo Pentecostalism. Political discourse.
This research focused on the Brazilian fascist discourse, particularly in its digital format, having the discursive genre meme as its scope. In order to investigate the object of such thesis, it is used the theoretical and analytical apparatus provided by the Theory of Discourse Analysis, affiliated with Michel Pêcheux (1990, 2012, 2014, 2015) and collaborators (AMARAL, 2007, 2013; ORLANDI, 1987, 1993, 1996, 2001, 2020; ZOPPI-FONTANA, 2014, 2018; COURTINE, 2003, 2006, 2016; PIOVEZANI, 2020). The general objective of this research is to examine contemporary neo-fascism as a form of representation of Brazilian political discourse. For that matter, it is analyzed the conditions of production that allow the emergence of neofascist discourse in Brazil, whose epitome was consolidated by the rise of Jair Bolsonaro to the presidency. The line of investigation in the thesis indicates that religious discourse, appropriated by neo-fascists who mobilize meaning effects that are produced and broadcast in a society of the spectacle (DEBORD, 1997), is an important foundation for fascist discourse in virtual spaces. Finally, it is analyzed that such extremist and fascist ideology is viewed as a form of “newspeak”, in the manner Orwell (2009) conceived it, showcasing its own characteristics in its syntax and, mainly, in its semantics, engendering meaning effects that are inscribed in the current political issue in Brazil. It is concluded that, nowadays, especially in the second decade of the 21st century, Brazilian society is going through a discursive process of intense transformations in the political field which hinder the full development of democracy, constantly threatened. This occurs in the new forms of immediate communication that are seen as digital materialities, from which the meme, for example, emerges as a vehicle for social and political criticism, for the ludic, but also as a source of dissemination of Brazilian far right and fascist ideologies.