Banca de DEFESA: NIDYANNE PATRICIA DE MESQUITA CHAGAS

Uma banca de DEFESA de MESTRADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
STUDENT : NIDYANNE PATRICIA DE MESQUITA CHAGAS
DATE: 04/10/2021
TIME: 15:00
LOCAL: https://meet.google.com/yqn-rowr-ybh
TITLE:

Effect of the maternal body mass index on the concentration of macronutrients and bioactive compounds in colostrum  

KEY WORDS:

Breastfeeding. Pregnancy. Weight gain. Obesity. Human milk.

PAGES: 74
BIG AREA: Ciências da Saúde
AREA: Nutrição
SUMMARY:

Currently, obesity represents one of the main public health problems worldwide, regardless of the socioeconomic context, being more prevalent/pronounced in women and increasingly growing among children. There is consensus in literature that preventing excessive weight gain, especially in the pediatric age group, should be a priority over treatment. Thus, one of the recommended strategies is the practice of exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life, as this is a protective factor against childhood overweight / obesity. However, little is known about the effect of gestational Body Mass Index (BMI), since it works as a marker of overweight in pregnant women, on the constituents of human milk and infant weight gain. Therefore, considering the magnitude of excess weight among women in the reproductive age group, this study aims to assess the effect of gestational BMI on macronutrients and bioactive compounds in colostrum. To achieve this, a cross-sectional study was carried out with puerperal women admitted to a public maternity hospital, aimed at assisting women with low obstetric risk, as part of the Baby Friendly Hospital initiative in the city of Maceió - Al. Through a structured questionnaire, socioeconomic variables, reproductive history, prenatal care and assessment of maternal dietary intake were collected, while information on height and history of gestational weight gain were extracted from the pregnant woman's card. The evaluation of the pre-gestational maternal nutritional status was measured by the body mass index, while the nutritional condition in pregnancy was measured by the BMI per week of gestation using the Atalah curve, considering the registration of the last weight before the child-birth, as long as referred in the last 30 days before child-birth. The assessment of the newborn's nutritional status was carried out using weight and length data provided by the declaration of live birth and tabulated in specific applications. In the period between 24 - 48 hours after the child-birth, colostrum was collected through manual milking at the bedside, by the patient herself and supervised by a qualified researcher, it was immediately refrigerated (-20 ° C) and transported to storage in ultrafreezer (-80 ° C), until the moment of the analysis of its components by nuclear magnetic resonance. The descriptive statistics used to characterize the studied population was performed in the R-studio Program, using measures of central tendency and dispersion. The identification of clusters of milk samples and of the biomarkers corresponding to the metabolic profile of the mothers (nutrients and bioactive compounds in breast milk) were evaluated/assessed by the analysis of the main components (PCA) and by the orthogonal discriminant analysis by partial least squares (OPLS-DA). Both will be carried out using the SIMCA-P software (version 14.0, Umetrics, Umeå, Sweden). A total of 22 metabolites were found in breast milk samples, with 12 metabolites corresponding to the aqueous phase (amino acids and sugars) and 10 corresponding to the organic phase (lipids). Multivariate analyzes using PCA and OPLS-DA did not result in significant differences in the constituents of breast milk in relation to the different BMI groups. Analysis of variance identified differences in N-acetylneuraminic acid levels in obese mothers when compared to low weight mothers (p = 0.019) and eutrophic mothers (p = 0.015). The levels of N-acetyl-L-glutamine showed a significant difference in the comparison between low weight mothers and eutrophic mothers (p = 0.021), with malnourished mothers having a greater amount of this metabolite. A similar result was observed for fucosis, which was higher in low weight mothers compared to eutrophic mothers (p = 0.044). Thus, we observed that differences in certain constituents of human milk were found according to the BMI category. Although genetic factors influence the composition of human milk, studies show that even in mothers with similar genetic characteristics, differences in the composition of this biofluid are observed, admitting this to a unique and specific characteristic for each woman. Thus, it is believed that environmental factors, such as maternal weight, interfere with the constituents of this secretion. It is essential to carry out further studies in this area, considering that these changes may have repercussions on child health.

BANKING MEMBERS:
Interno - 1120877 - HAROLDO DA SILVA FERREIRA
Externa à Instituição - MARIA DA CONCEIÇÃO CARNEIRO PESSOA DE SANTANA - UNCISAL
Presidente - 3357786 - MONICA LOPES DE ASSUNCAO