Identification of areas susceptible to desertification in the semi-arid region of Alagoas
Ambiental degradation; Qgis; anthropization; MapBiomas; Environmental Indexes
The semi-arid region of the state of Alagoas corresponds to approximately 32% of its territory and over the years has shown several signs of desertification. Desertification is a process derived from soil degradation and is considered one of the greatest contemporary environmental problems. Therefore, the objective was to identify, through remote sensing and field visits, desertified territories or with a high level of degradation in municipalities in the semi-arid region of Alagoas. Thus, satellite data referring to the period from 2013 to 2022 were used to identify and monitor desertified or potential regions, being processed in Qgis. In addition, photographs and notes were taken through visits to the study area. It was found that the different levels of precipitation along the time series have a significant effect on desertification rates, which showed better results for periods of higher humidity. Livestock activity is predominant in the territory analyzed, followed by the forest, which, even so, had its area reduced due to the rise of agriculture and livestock. The significant degradation of the study area and the intense anthropization of areas classified as natural in MapBiomas were evidenced through field visits, indicating the region's vulnerability to the desertification process. Remote sensing provides valuable information about the space-time dynamics of a given region, however, ensuring data integrity through in loco monitoring is essential, given the limitations to which geoprocessing tools are subject.