Open peer review: an analysis of Ibero-America literature
Scholarly communication. Open Science. Open peer review. Ibero-America.
Open peer review is one of the practices of scientific publishing in the context of open science. It comprises peer review with some level of openness, from revealing the identities of the actors involved in the evaluation process of manuscripts received by scientific journals to publishing the reviewers' opinions together with the articles, or even allowing the contribution of any member of society, specialist or layman. However, the process of opening the evaluation, as well as all aspects of scientific communication, is inserted in a context of conflicts and disputes between the public and private interests of scientific knowledge, making necessary studies that seek to outline an overview of peer review. open considering the global and regional implications. Thus, this research aims to understand the development of Ibero-American knowledge on open peer review, through the analysis of its scientific production. To this end, a bibliographic and descriptive research was developed, with a sample of 20 editorials and 23 articles on open peer review, published between 2002 and 2021, retrieved from databases with wide coverage in the region. The documents were analyzed in the light of domain analysis from the bibliometric, epistemological/critical and terminological dimensions of the documents. Brazil and Information Science stand out as a country and as an area of knowledge, respectively, as the center of the debate on open evaluation in Ibero-America. The domain presents definitions about open assessment in an imprecise and inconsistent way, in addition to using foreign sources as a theoretical basis, even though there are sources on the subject in the region. The terminological analysis demonstrates wide use of the term “open peer review” by the domain, which demonstrates a distance from the Brazilian Thesaurus of Information Science. In addition, the terms used for the advantages and disadvantages of open review reveal a conservative and utilitarian discourse by the Ibero-American scientific community regarding the opening of peer review.