Corrosion of metallic structures is a serious economic problem that affects the entire planet. It is estimated that in Brazil, the amount spent on corrosion damage, whether to replace structures compromised by corrosion, restore damaged parts or even in accidents caused by corrosion of metallic structures, reach an average of 4% of the national GDP. It is therefore extremely harmful to the public purse. In addition, not only the public sector, but also the private sector suffers great losses resulting from this natural phenomenon. Corrosion is understood as the reverse process to metallurgy, where in this phenomenon, metallic structures are again converted to ores, which in the case of iron, one of the metals that suffer most corrosion in the world, reacts with the oxygen present in the air to form assorted nox iron oxides. It has already been observed in previous works that some filamentous fungi have the ability to partially or totally inhibit the corrosion of metallic structures, thus opening up a range of opportunities for the discovery of new formulations for a new natural type of corrosion inhibitor to based on fungal extracts, so far unpublished in the literature, which may in the future replace heavy metal-based inhibitors, which are extremely harmful to the environment. In this work, the corrosion potential of CA-50 carbon steel samples in an environment of calcium hydroxide containing chloride ions in the presence of two types of filamentous fungi: fusarium solani and penicillium oxalicum is studied. Initially, strains CCT2876 and CCT4815 of the fungi fusarium solani, and penicillium oxalicum, respectively, were obtained, both by reactivation through purchase by the André Tosello Foundation. The fungi were then subcultured on potato-dextrose-agar medium for culture maintenance, and after 30 days of growth, they were recultured on potato-dextrose medium. After 60 days of cultivation without agitation at a temperature of 26ºC in the absence of light, the biomaterial obtained was separated by vacuum filtration, and the solid part was removed from moisture through a desiccator for four days. The liquid filtrate from the cultures of the two fungi was then submitted to PCA tests and Tafel extrapolation curves, in order to measure their inhibitory potential.

Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are important staple crops cultivated worldwide, and air yam (Dioscorea bulbifera) is among the 12 commercially grown species. The productivity and safe germplasm exchange of Dioscorea spp. are hindered by several pests and diseases, and viruses pose a significant threat especially due to the vegetative propagation of yams that propitiate viral accumulation and dissemination. At least eight viral families have been reported infecting yams. The family Caulimoviridae comprises 11 genera, of which Badnavirus is widespread wherever yams are planted, and badnaviral transmission occurs mainly by vegetative propagation and different species of mealybugs. A putative new badnavirus has been recently reported in D. bulbifera plants in Brazil, and tentatively named as dioscorea bacilliform BL virus (DBBLV), but only partial sequences of the reverse transcriptase (RT) and ribonuclease H (RNase H) genomic region have been characterized. To recover the complete genome sequence of DBBLV isolates, total DNA obtained from an DBBLV-infected air yam plant was used as template for enrichment of viral circular DNA via rolling circle amplification and subjected to high-throughput Illumina sequencing. Two complete badnavirus-like genomes of 7,196 (DBBLV-DBH1) and 7,342 (DBBLV-DBH3) bp in size were de novo assembled from 1,273,444 and 539,840 reads and a coverage depth of 177 and 74x, respectively. Both isolates belong to the species novel Dioscorea bacilliform BL virus, sharing ≥88% nucleotide identity with at least one isolate of DBBLV deposited in GenBank. The recombination analysis showed a complex interspecies recombination pattern involving the DBBLV-DBH1 and DBBLV-DBH3 isolates as putative recombinant or parental sequences in four independent recombination events. The Bayesian phylogenetic tree reconstructed based on complete genome and RT-RNase H nucleotide sequences showed the new DBBLV isolates were more closely related to dioscorea bacilliform AL virus (DBALV) sequences, but some topological incongruences were observed between these two trees, probably caused by recombination.

Sportomics is the use of “-omics” sciences in conjunction with classical clinical laboratory analysis to understand exercise-induced changes. This approach is developed in a scenario where samples, usually blood and urine, are collected in loco, directly on the competition and training fields, simulating the real challenges and conditions faced during sports performances. The use of undirected analysis (NTA) by mass spectrometry offers possibilities for a better understanding of metabolic changes in a given scenario (eg, pre/post exercise). In addition, it can help in the discovery of relevant biomarkers in sports practice. From the point of view of energy metabolism, a soccer match involves anaerobic and aerobic activities. The present study aimed to analyze before/after metabolic alterations in the urine of soccer players. 30 semi-professional male soccer players participated in the study. Urine samples were collected immediately before and after a soccer match. The analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Metabolites were classified according to class and superclass through the human metabolome database (HMDB) platform. Metabolic pathways were analyzed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. 1091 metabolites were identified and established whether they were up or down-regulated. The most prominent molecules regulated were fatty acyls, carboxylic acids and derivatives, steroids and steroid derivatives. The least regulated molecules were fatty acyls, benzene and substituted derivatives. It has been shown that metabolites derived from branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) decreased after exercise. In addition, the presence of hawkinsin, 4-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, metabolites characteristic of a genetic disease called hawkinsinuria, was demonstrated, which suggests an exercise-induced hawkinsinuria. The importance of on-field metabolic analysis using urine is proposed as a non-invasive way to understand and monitor athletes' metabolism holistically. NTA can engineer individual metabolic signatures to improve athletic performance.

Leishmaniasis are diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania transmitted through infected sandfly vectors. They are endemic in 98 countries and the population at risk of infection is estimated at 350 million. Glioma is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide (75% of malignant brain tumors), its most aggressive form is Glioblastoma, with a worldwide incidence of 3.21/100,000 individuals. The treatment adopted in both cases presents a series of adverse events, contraindications and significant toxicity, which can lead the patient to death. The quinone class can develop activities in more than one segment, due to its structure acting as a multi-target therapeutic, a promising group for trials in both therapies. This study proposes to investigate the leishmanicidal and antitumor activity of new synthetic anthraquinone derivatives (DSAQs). For this, nine DSAQs were developed and provided by the Organic Synthesis Laboratory – UFMG and by the Electrochemistry Laboratory LEQUI/UFAL.The in vitro toxicity assay was carried out by the MTT method, on macrophages of the J774.A1 lineage, to evaluate the DSAQs. Leishmanicidal activity was evaluated by in vitro parasite viability assay on extracellular promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania chagasi. The evaluation of antitumor activity was performed through cell viability assays on Glioblastomas of the GBM02 lineage, using the MTT method. The cytotoxic effect assay on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was performed. Subsequently, the most promising DSAQs were submitted to the following assays: morphological analysis and cell migration. All assays were performed at the Laboratory of Pharmacology and Immunity (LaFI/ICBS/UFAL). In the MTT assay, DSAQs did not reduce 50% of the cell population. Regarding the promastigote assay, ENSJ841, 848, 849 and 854 showed a statistical reduction in parasite viability for Leishmania chagasi, with IC50 between 2.83 ± 0.29 and 71.33 ± 4.04 µM, and ENSJ849, 851 and 854, for Leishmania amazonensis species, with IC50 between 21.33 ± 4.04 and 72.00 ± 7.00 µM. In GBM02 cell viability, ENSJ650, 845, 848 and 854 showed tumor reduction after 72 hours of treatment. DSAQs were not cytotoxic to PBMC. After these assays, only the DSAQs that showed reduction of GBM02 cells, proceeded to the morphology assays, and showed signs of cell death with the presence of cells with rounded cytoplasm, cellular debris, cytoplasmic vacuoles with leakage of contents by membrane rupture. These selected DSAQs, in the cell migration assay, were able to inhibit it, and the percentage of migrated cells ranged from 16 to 51.85%. In view of the results, it is possible to affirm that the DSAQs induce a leishmanicidal and antitumor action, corroborating with the multitherapeutic action of quinone derivatives and in the research of new drugs in both areas.

Obesity is a chronic disease, characterized by a state of acute low-grade inflammation, which affects gastrointestinal permeability and motility, and the action of cytokines in this scenario is little reported. Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog that induces weight loss by different mechanisms involving the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Liraglutide on intestinal epithelial cells in vitro and on metabolic, morpho-functional, and inflammatory parameters in the gastrointestinal tract of rats with obesity. Methods: In the in vitro assay, IEC-6 cells were treated with concentrations from 0.25 to 100 µM of Liraglutide and evaluated for cell viability, cell death by apoptosis and necrosis, morphological analysis, actin cytoskeletal reorganization and assay of cell migration for wound healing. In the in vivo assay, Wistar rats with obesity were randomly assigned to receive saline solution, 400 or 1200 µg Liraglutide/kg/day subcutaneously for 30 consecutive days, once a day. Weight gain, feed efficiency, caloric intake, gastric motility, adiposity, histomorphometric, murinometric, and biochemical parameters were evaluated before and after treatment. Results: There was no change in the viability of cells treated with Liraglutide at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 μM; moreover, drug treatment decreased the rate of apoptosis of IEC-6 cells relative to control. Treated cells showed a modified actin cytoskeleton, with prominent stress fibers and decreased cell migration. The effects of Liraglutide in treated animals were dose-dependent. The dose of 1200 µg/day/kg provided lower feed efficiency and lower caloric intake, with slower gastric emptying and lower amplitude of gastric contractions. Gastrointestinal effects were accompanied by reductions in muscle layer thickness and crypt depth. Liraglutide reduced retroperitoneal and visceral adipose tissue deposits, decreased TNF-α levels, and increased TGF-β1 levels. There was a reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and liver transaminases. Conclusion: Liraglutide directly affected intestinal cells, decreasing the rate of apoptosis, and the disposition of the actin cytoskeleton, reducing cell migration. In rats, it reduced fat accumulation, improved metabolic parameters, and minimized the expression of inflammatory signaling in the gastrointestinal tract.

The lignocellulosic fibrous biomass found in sugarcane bagasse can be the raw material to produce cellulosic ethanol, through delignification processes to obtain fermentative sugars. The residue from this process is called black liquor, which is rich in lignin, an amorphous biopolymer with high energy value used mainly as fuel in the cogeneration of energy in bio-industries. As lignin is a biodegradable and therefore recyclable by-product, it has been attracting interest in areas such as medicine, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. In agriculture, lignin is being studied as a coating for fertilizers and as a biopolymer carrying active compounds (pesticides and semiochemicals) for pest control. As the object of this study, lignin was used as a biopolymeric matrix carrying substances attractive to fruit flies of the species Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha fraterculus. The attractive substances studied were: ethyl octanoate, an attractive semiochemical for fruit fly species; a mixture of synthetic compounds common to guava host volatiles and volatiles released by males of Ceratitis capitata, composed of (R)-(+)-limonene, (S)-(-)-limonene, ethyl octanoate, αcopaene and β-caryophyllene; and hexane extracts of volatiles obtained by the host fruit guava (Psidium guajava, L.). Release substrates based on crude lignin (BL) were prepared, namely: acid lignin (LA) and a hybrid (LQ), lignin and chitosan in a 1:1 mass ratio. Chitosan (Q) was used as a control treatment. All substrates were subjected to thermogravimetric techniques, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy to investigate the adsorbent potential when impregnated with semiochemicals. Thermogravimetric isotherms at 30°C, together with solid phase microextractions were also performed, aiming to know the release kinetics of substrate+semiochemical systems. The extracts obtained were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Attractiveness bioassays with mated females of C. capitata and A. fraterculus were carried out to evaluate which system elicits attraction behavior in females of these species. Thermogravimetric tests (TG, DTG and DSC) with pure substrates, containing lignin, LB, LP and LQ, demonstrated greater thermal stability than substrate Q, and when impregnated with semiochemicals, all showed a mass loss around 70 %. The FTIR analysis showed characteristic bands of polymers and substances incorporated in the substrates. The images obtained by SEM revealed porous agglomerates on substrates containing lignin and a smooth and homogeneous surface on chitosan, which has already been described in the literature. The release isotherms showed mass losses around 30% (±1%). In the extracts of substrates impregnated with ethyl octanoate, evaluated by GCEM, a larger relative area of the ester in the LA substrate is observed, like the LQ hybrid, at the end of the release period. Behavioral bioassays revealed that the substrate formulations with LA, elicited greater attractiveness in mated females of the studied species. From the above, it is possible to conclude that lignin-based polymeric matrices can be used as attractive semiochemical carriers for fruit flies.

Considering that microalgae metabolize nitrogenous compounds, such
as Ammonia, Nitrate and Nitrite, promoting the growth of their
biomass and reducing the concentration of these compounds in the
water. In this way, microalgae have the potential to become an
alternative in the treatment of water contaminated by nitrate. The main
objective of this research was to evaluate the use of microalgae in the
removal of nitrite and nitrate from drinking water from underground
wells used for human supply, aiming to adapt them to the potability
standards in force in Brazil. The development of the study consisted of
the following steps: Characterization and molecular identification of
Microalgae; Analysis of environmental conditions of growth and
consequent removal of nitrogen compounds in synthetic water and
water collected from underground wells. Being evaluated the time for 

the total removal of the contaminant, and the time in which the
concentrations of the contaminant reach the standards of potability
defined by the Ministry of Health. As a result, the microalgae
Tetradesmus sp. The sequences were deposited at the NCBI, and a
phylogenetic tree was constructed from specific bioinformatics
programs. For environmental analysis, the biomass was inoculated, in
batches, in 2000ml photobioreactors in transparent acrylic with
adapted BG11 – Medium, reaching optimal growth values with
luminosity of 100µmol/m2s, at an average temperature of 28°, pH
between 8, 0 and 8.5 and bubble-type agitation. For the analysis step
with a real sample, samples were collected from two underground
wells PJ03A and PJ10A, with nitrate and ammonia, respectively,
31.50mg/L N and 29.60 mg/L N; 4.98 mg/l and 5.95 mg/l, values
presented in a technical report from Companhia de Saneamento de
Alagoas. The reference values recommended by Ordinance No.
05/2017 – MS, are 1.5 mg/l for ammonia and 10 mg/l for Nitrogen –
approximately 45 mg/l for Nitrate. Maintaining the parameters used in
the synthetic medium, the microalgal biomass was inoculated in two
photobioreactors, initially in batch, where the need to add phosphate to
the real sample was identified, after which adequate values of removal
and growth were reached, using 2000ml of the samples in each, it was
verified the efficiency of the method in semi-continuous systems at
20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. In the present study, the affinity of
Tetradesmus sp. for the removal of compounds, such as N and P, in
well water, under controlled environmental and nutritional conditions
in closed photobioreactors with supplementary aeration.

Dioscorea bulbifera L., commonly known as air yam, is an edible crop belonging to the botanical family Dioscoreaceae, and it has increasingly attracted attention due to its socioeconomical relevance for smallholder farmers in Brazil. Although its natural resistance to diseases, air yam is affected by plant pararetroviruses into the genus Badnavirus (family Caulimoviridae). Badnaviruses have double-stranded, semicircular, DNA genomes of 7.4 to 9.0 kb in size, encapsidated into non-enveloped, bacilliform particles and are mainly transmitted by mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). To molecularly characterize the species diversity and complete genomes of badnaviruses associated with D. bulbifera in Brazil, plant samples (n=60) were collected from different growing regions. Partial sequences of the reverse transcriptase (RT) and ribonuclease H (RNase H) domains (~530 bp) were amplified by PCR and Sanger sequenced from 26 positive samples, while full-length genome sequences were recovered from three representative samples. The new partial RT-RNase H sequences were identified as belonging to the badnaviruses Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus, Dioscorea bacilliform SN virus, and Dioscorea bacilliform TR virus, and the endogenous pararetrovirus dioscorea rotundata endogenous virus eDBV12. Further, a putative species novel tentatively named Dioscorea bacilliform BL virus was partially characterized, sharing highest nucleotide identity with eDBV12 sequences, at 73.4-79.9%. The Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on partial RT-RNase H sequences showed that the new sequences were clustered in three different clades, with the new species being more closely related to eDBV12. Finally, three Illumina-based badnaviral genomes were assembled from 2,240 to 30,668 reads and a coverage depth of 74 to 963 times. The new genomes ranged from 7,208 to 7,420 bp in size and showed typical badnaviral genomic organization with three main open reading frames (ORFs 1-3). The complete RT-RNase H sequences (~1,230 bp) retrieved from the new viral genomes were more closely related to Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus (n=1) and Dioscorea bacilliform SN virus (n=2), at 85.1-86.6 and 82.2-83.9% nucleotide identity, respectively. These results reinforce the high badnaviral species diversity usually observed associated with Dioscorea spp. and constitute the first report of dioscorea bacilliform TR virus (DBTRV) in D. bulbifera. Also, these are the first complete genome sequences of yam-infecting badnaviruses described in Brazil.

Introduction: The infectious disease caused by the new coronavirus and first
identified in 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health concern as
it has spread rapidly around the world. Some studies have preliminarily
demonstrated that the infection can result in damage to the auditory and
vestibular systems. Objectives: Investigate treatment protocols and analyze
the effects of COVID-19 on the system. Materials and Methods: A
systematic review with meta-analysis was prepared. In it, the effects of
chloroquine / hydroxychloroquine for the human auditory system were 

analyzed. In parallel, an observational analytical and cross-sectional study is
being carried out in patients who tested positive for COVID-19 and were at
least in stage II of the infection. Auditory and vestibular assessments will be
performed: otoscopy, audiometry, immittanciometry, auditory brainstem
evoked potentials, assessment of cortical auditory evoked potentials and
vestibular evoked myogenic potential. Results: the systematic review article
with meta-analysis was submitted to a journal and will be presented in this
qualification. While the study with human beings, it is in its initial phase and
will be presented in defense of the thesis. Conclusion: The aim is to
understand the repercussions of the infection on the auditory and vestibular
systems, helping the health system to plan actions for the eventual
rehabilitation of the compromised patients.

Mastitis is inflammation of the mammary gland of multifactorial origin. It is mainly caused by bacteria and causes economic losses for the entire dairy production sector. The control and diagnosis of mastitis on farms can be costly and time-consuming, demanding laboratory analysis. Diagnostic imaging by infrared thermography (IRT) has become promising in veterinary medicine, as it is a non-invasive method and does not require animal restraint, being able to detect body temperature variations associated with inflammatory processes, such as fever and physiological changes. The objective of the present research was to evaluate the efficiency of IVT for the detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy buffaloes, making the association between the infrared images of the udder surface and the results of the conventional tests for the diagnosis of mastitis: Somatic cell count (SCC) and California mastitis test (CMT). 300 mammary quarters of crossbred dairy buffaloes (Murrah × Jafarabadi) were evaluated. Thermographic images were obtained from the following regions of the udder: right hindquarter (RQ) and left hindquarter (LQ). Thermal imaging and milk samples were taken at 60-day intervals between the years 2021 and 2022. Samples were obtained before the morning milking. To obtain the thermographic images, a thermographic camera model Flir tg165® was used. The camera was calibrated for an emissivity of 0.98. The images were collected with an angle of 90° and a distance of 0.50 meters. The diagnosis of subclinical mastitis was performed by CMT and CCS. The results for CMT were based on a score where: 0 = negative reaction, 1(+) = moderately positive reaction, 2(++) = positive reaction and 3(+++) = strongly positive reaction. For the CCS, samples of 50 mL of milk were collected from each breast room studied and then sent to the Clínica do Leite – Piracicaba/SP. Animals with CCS values ≤ 200,000 cells/mL were considered healthy, and those with CCS >200,000 cells/mL were diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. Correlation analyzes were performed Pearson (at 5%) and Linear regression between CCS, CMT and temperature. Sensitivity and specificity analyze were performed to determine the ability of TIV to detect subclinical mastitis in dairy buffaloes. The CMT and CCS tests identified that of the 243 mammary quarters evaluated, 61.72% (150/243) were healthy buffaloes and 38.27% (93/243) had subclinical mastitis. The CCS of healthy breast quarters ranged from 9.00 to 136.00 (×103 cell/mL), while that for diseased breast quarters ranged from 201.00 to 7411.00 (×103 cell/mL). Score 3(+++) presented the highest mean value for CCS (2839.48 ×103 cell/mL). The TIVU of scores 0; 1(+); 2(+) and 3(+++) differed significantly, ranging from 33.52°C to 35.8°C. Score 3+ had the highest mean TIVU value (34.83°C). The CMT identified that the highest proportion of breast rooms evaluated were classified with a score of 1+ (40.00%), followed by scores of 3+ (35.48%) and a score of 2++ (24.73%). There were significant positive correlations between all mastitis indicators (CCS and CMT) and TIVU. TIVU showed positive correlations with CCS (r = 0.58) and CMT (r = 0.60) (P < 0.0001). The highest correlation recorded was between CCS and CMT (0.80). The relationship between TIVU and CCS was best fitted to a logarithmic equation [TIVU, °C = 31.48+ 0.38 × ln(CCS, × 103 cel/mL); R2 = 0.34; P < 0.0001). We conclude that IVT can be a valuable tool as a non-invasive method of control and detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy buffaloes, contributing to facilitate the management of diagnoses of the disease under the same conditions of milk production under study.

Molecular electrochemistry is useful for characterizing redox reactions and deciphering reactional mechanisms associated with electron transfer. Quinones represent a wide and varied family of metabolites of natural distribution. The interest in these substances has increased due to their contribution to vital biochemical processes and increasing prominence for their biological and pharmacological activities. Despite the various beneficial effects, quinones are also considered toxins. It is precisely this double behavior (pro-oxidant versus antioxidant) that gives this class of compounds a peculiarity of great interest to researchers, especially in medicinal chemistry. Fluorescent compounds are attractive substrates and have been widely used as chemical sensors, laser dyes, and therapeutic applications, and their electrochemical properties are adjustable. Substitution at different positions affects the electronic environment around the BODIPY core, causing characteristic changes in oxidation and reduction potentials and other physical-chemical properties. Both quinones and BODIPYS are promising bioactive molecules that have stood out as prototype candidates for drugs or probes. This work investigated the electrochemical behavior in electrochemical cells, in vitro hybrid quinones and nitrosyl-BODIPYs, in an aprotic medium ((ACN or DMF + TBAPF₆ 0.1 mol L^-1) to obtain data on their redox mechanisms, electrogenerated intermediates, formation of reactive oxygen species, and interaction with biological macromolecules. The electrochemical techniques used were cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry on vitreous carbon electrodes (d = 3 mm). The counter electrode was a platinum wire, and the reference electrode, Ag | AgCl, Cl− (saturated). We investigated 14 acrylated quinones, and in the comparison among reduction potentials and biological activities, it was noted that the most electrophilic (more positive reduction potentials) presented the highest trypanocidal activity (CI₅₀/24 h, less than about 300 μM), except for one of them. An apparent correlation between the presence of an electron-withdrawing group, such as chlorine, with an easier reduction and a higher biological activity, appeared, together with an ideal range for the reduction potential. In the aprotic medium employed, all compounds, with first wave reduction potential values (Ep1c), around -0.5 V or more positive, were active. These compounds can be considered "highly oxidizing" in this biological context, with consequences on trypanocidal activity. Nitrosylated BODIPYs were investigated at α (5-nitrosyl) and β (6-nitrosyl). The location of the NO group on α or β strongly affects the electronic structures and redox behavior. The electrochemical spectrum associated with Conceptual Density analysis and Functional Theory (CDFT) corroborates the voltammetric results and explains the unexpected reactivity differences. The nitrosyl group is the first to be reduced in 5-nitrosyl-BODIPY, while in the beta isomer, the nitrosyl group strongly facilitates the reduction in the BODIPY moiety.

Auditory discrimination represents a fundamental aspect for the correct production of speech sounds, as it is through the perception of acoustic characteristics that phonemes can be distinguished from one another, generating appropriate neural representations. Children with phonological disorder present disorganization of the sound system, with the presence of substitution and/or omission of phonemes, in an age group that is no longer expected. The etiology of this disorder is still not clear, however, the inability to audibly discriminate the characteristics of phonemes may be a causal or aggravating factor of this condition. Given the relationship between auditory skills and phonological disorder, the investigation of auditory processing in these children becomes extremely valuable. Thus, the objective assessment of auditory processing, through electrophysiological tests of hearing, such as the Mismatch Negativity, plays a relevant role in studies of this population. In the search for a greater understanding of this theme, a systematic review with meta-analysis was carried out, in order to know the researches that used the Mismatch Negativity to assess auditory discrimination in children with the disorder, and to have an overview of the protocols used in these studies. Few studies were found in the literature that used this potential in the studied population and no studies were found that related the verbal stimulus used for auditory discrimination with the phonological processes that children with phonological disorders present in their speech. In addition, still focusing on the auditory discrimination of children with phonological disorders, the development of a device that could contribute to the therapy of these children was proposed, providing a better perception and discrimination of phonemes, necessary for the adequate production of speech, enabling thus, a more efficient auditory feedback, and that would also offer the teaching practice the possibility of a more refined shared learning of the acoustic characteristics of speech. Knowing that the investigation of the relationship between the skills of speech production and perception is essential for these children, since new discoveries can reorganize the intervention model for this population, it was proposed to develop a new verbal discrimination test with use of the Mismatch Negativity for children with phonological disorder, using verbal stimuli that correspond to phonological processes. The research aimed to compare the auditory discrimination ability of children with phonological and neurotypic disorders, aged between four and seven years, of both sexes, using the Mismatch Negativity, using the natural speech stimuli /ta/, /ga/ and /da/, developed for the present study. The stimuli were chosen to be matched in pairs so as to correspond to phonological processes, with the stimulus /ta/x/da/ being associated with the deafening process or the sound of plosives and the stimulus /ga/x/da/ related to frontalization or posteriorization to velar, in which the syllable /da/ was always presented as the rare stimulus, with 20% of appearance. The results were analyzed statistically. The sample studied showed a high prevalence of phonological disorder in boys, aged 5 years, with mild-moderate severity and with a higher occurrence of processes of consonant cluster simplification, liquid simplification and final consonant simplification. In the intragroup comparison, it was possible to verify that children with phonological disorder discriminate in a similar way the pairs of stimuli used. There was no correlation between MMN and speech intelligibility.