INCOME TRANSFER POLICIES AND THE NEOLIBERAL STATE: THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CITIZEN INTO CONSUMER
Income transfer policies. Capitalism. State. Structural Crisis of Capital. Consumption.
The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the strengthening of income transfer policies in the context of the structural crisis of capital and the functionality of such policies for capital. To this end, the interpretative and analytical content of this production is based on the Marxian perspective, thus, the investigative path of this research used classic authors such as Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, their interlocutors such as István Mészáros and contemporary researchers such as Ivo Tonet, José Paulo Netto, Sergio Lessa and Maria Ozanarira da Silva e Silva. The choice of this method recognizes in dialectical materialism the conceptual elements for grasping the social totality. Thus, the investigative path begins with the formation of humanity, with the aim of grasping the causal links that led the modern state to assume the role of an instrument for reproducing the interests of the dominant classes, and is therefore an instrument of class oppression. In addition, in this research, we discuss the genesis and development of the state in capitalist society and the origin of the process of pauperization of the working class, which provide us with subsidies to understand the unfolding of the social function of the state in already consolidated capitalism, whose inexorable characteristic is the protection of private property and the repression of workers. And in the course of the historical process, the state has become complementary and inseparable from capital. In this way, we will point out the peculiarities of social policies in the WelfereState, theontologicalfoundations ofthe structural crisis of capital and the characteristics of social policies in the context of this crisis, which, with the advent of neoliberalism, are seen as minimalist, focused, and have also been commodified in order to increase the profitability of capital, transforming rights into philanthropic or voluntary activities or into a marketable service. Thus, the quality of the service corresponds to the individual's purchasing value, and universalization gives way to focalization. In a context in which, on the one hand, there are the demands of the poor for the satisfaction of their social needs and, on the other, the economic interests in question, under the hegemony of financial capital, income transfer programs with conditionalities gain notoriety, satisfying the majority of the impoverished population because they feel inserted into the market as consumers and bringing prestige to the rulers, as they are compatible with neoliberal economic policy.