The advance of the phenomenon of financialization in Brazilian higher education in times of structural capital crisis
Education. Financialization. Structural crisis of capital
Based on the structural crisis of capital, there is a context of accumulation with predominance of finance, supported by the triad: productive restructuring, neoliberalism and financialization. In this sense, from the 1970s onwards, surplus profits not reinvested in industrial production began to migrate to other sectors, especially services. In the case of peripheral capitalist countries such as Brazil, the process of financialization of social areas is highlighted with higher education, from the expansion and massification of this segment in the private sphere. Thus, this study aims to investigate the phenomenon of financialization in the current context of the structural crisis of capital and the consequences of this process in Brazilian private-mercantile higher education. The investigation presented here is of a theoretical nature with bibliographic research referenced from the perspective of Marxian ontology, of a historical-dialectical character. To this end, its main theoretical contribution was the contributions of Marx (1985, 1986, 1996); Lukacs (1978, 2018); Engels (1987); Lenin (2012, 2017); Mészáros (2002, 2003, 2008); Tonet (2005, 2012, 2013); Alves (2011a, 2011b, 2016); Antunes (2003, 2005); Chesnais (1996, 2000, 2005); Harvey (1996, 2005, 2008); Leher (1998, 2010); Paulani (2005, 2006, 2009); Chaves (2010, 2019, 2020); Sguissardi (2008, 2015), among others. By analyzing the consequences of financialization in Brazilian private-mercantile higher education, this thesis shows that, as long as we are under the yoke of capital, education and other social complexes will continue to represent lucrative commodities without limits in the forms of commodification incorporated. Therefore, the interests of capital profitability can always lead it to migrate to other areas, according to the intensification of the structural crisis and the search for more attractive rates for capitalist accumulation. At the end of this study, we leave another important reflection: the State does not have the role of reversing the presented financialization picture, on the contrary, the State represents the dominant class, being the complementary command structure of capital. Regardless of the instance in which it operates - public or private - its nature is the same. If capital is uncontrollable, so is the pursuit of profitability, and the State will always be ready to make life easier for capital, supporting it in the task of investing in new market niches and further expropriating the field of work.